11/02/2021
Nana Khadijah, matar manzon Allah wadda matan zamani za su yi koyi da ita wajen dogaro da kai
A tarihin addinin Islama akwai fitattun mata da yawa
"Ita ce matar da ta yi zarra ta kuma kere sa'a. Ko da matan zamani za su so su cimma irin nasarorin da ta cimma shekara 1,400."
Wannan shi ne yadda Asad Zaman, wani limami a birnin Manchester na Birtaniya ya bayyana Nana Khadijah, matar Annabi Muhammad (SAW), wacce aka haifa a ƙarni na shida a ƙasar da a yau ake kira Saudiyya.
Mace ce da ake matuƙar girmama ta, mai arziki da kwarjini, wacce ta ƙi karɓar tayin aure daga fitattun mutanen zamaninta da dama.
A ƙarshe dai ta yi aure, har sau uku. Mijinta na fari ya mutu, sannan wasu ruwayoyin sun ce mijinta na biyu kuma rabuwa ta yi da shi.
Bayan wannan ne ta yi alwashin ba za ta sake aure ba... har sai da ta haɗu da mijinta na uku kuma na ƙarshe sannan ta sauya shawara.
Khadijah ta ga wasu "kyawawan halaye a tattare da shi, da s**a sa ta sauya ra'ayinta na ƙin sake aure," k**ar yadda Asad Zaman ya shaida wa BBC.
Ba k**ar yadda aka saba ba a wancan zamanin, Khadijah ce ta zaɓe shi da kanta ta kuma nemi ya aure ta.
A lokacin shekararta 40, shi kuwa sabon mijin da za ta aura shekararsa 25, daga ƙabilar da take da matuƙar daraja.
Wannan labari ya fi gaban na soyayya; labari ne na tushen addini na biyu mafi girma a duniya a yau.
Sabon mijin Khadijah shi ne Annabi Muhammad (SAW), wanda bayan aurensu ya zamo manzon da aka aiko da Musulunci.
Ƴar kasuwa
Ayarin rakuman Khadija kan yi tafiya mai dogon zango a fadin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya
Wani farfesa na daɗaɗɗen tarihin Gabas Ta Tsakiya a Jami'ar New York, Robert Hoyland, ya ce zai yi matuƙar wahala a yi bayanin wace ce Khadijah a zama ɗaya, saboda an yi ta rubutu kan abubuwan da aka sani a kanta tsawon shekaru bayan mutuwarta.
Sai dai mafi yawan majiyoyi sun nuna cewa "ita mace ce da ke da burin zama mai tsayiwa da kanta, kuma mai karfin hali," in ji Holyland a hirarsa da BBC.
Alal misali, ta ƙi yarda ta auri wani ɗan uwanta - k**ar yadda danginta s**a so - saboda tana so ya kasance da kanta ta zaɓi mijin aurenta.
Khadijah ɗiya ce ga wani ɗan kasuwa da ya mayar da kasuwancin abin alfaharin zuri'arsa.
Bayan da ya mutu a wani yaƙi, sai ta dasa daga inda ya tsaya.
"Kowa ya san ta da ƙoƙarin yi wa kanta abubuwa," k**ar yadda wata masaniyar tarihi kuma mawallafiyar littattafai Bettanu Hughes ta faɗa a wani shirin BBC.
"A taƙaice dai, harkokin kasuwancinta ne s**a yi sanadin ɗora ta a kan hanyar da daga ƙarshe ta sauya tarihin duniya."
Mataimaki
Masaniyar tarihi Bettany Hughes: Khadija ta kan ja ragamar abubuwan da s**a shafe ta a duniya kai tsaye
Khadijah tana aiwatar da harkokinta daga Makka a Saudiyya, kuma kasuwancinta na buƙatar a dinga kai da kawo mata kayayyaki daga can zuwa manyan biranen Gabas Ta Tsakiya.
"A bayyane yake cewa Khadija mai tsayiwa ce kan al'amuranta," in ji Bettany Hughes.
Waɗannan matafiyan s**an yi tafiya mai nisa daga kudancin Yemen zuwa arewacin Syria.
Duk da cewa wani kaso na dukiyarta ta samu ne daga mahaifinta, Khadijah ta tara tata dukiyar ita ma, a cewar Fozia Bora, wata mai shirin zama farfesa ta tarihin Musulunci a Jami'ar Leeds da ke Birtaniya.
Ƴar kasuwa ce "mai dogaro da kanta, kuma mai ƙwazo da jajircewa."
Khadijah takan ɗauki ma'aikata, inda take zaɓar mutane masu ƙwarewar da za su amfani kasuwancinta.
Ta ji labarin wani mutum da aka yi masa shaidar gaskiya da ƙwazo, don haka bayan wata ganawa da ta gamsu da bayanan da ta ji, sai ta ɗauke shi aiki don ya dinga bin ayarin ma'aikatanta.
Khadijah ta yaba da jajircewarsa, kuma bayan an shafe lokaci sai ta gamsu ƙwarai da ɗabi'unsa har ta yi sha'awar aurensa.
Kwatsam sai Muhammad - wanda ya kasance maraya, ya kuma girma a hannun kawunsa - ya samu tagomashi a rayuwarsa ta fannin tattalin arziƙi," a cewar Fozia Bora.
An yi amannar cewa ma'auratan sun samu 'ƴaƴa shida, duk da cewa dai ƴaƴa matan ne kawai s**a girma.
Farfesa Rania Hafaz ta Cibiyar Musulmai da ke London ta shaida wa BBC cewa: "Akwai wani abu na musamman a auren nasu."
Abin kuwa ba komai ba ne sai "ganin cewa ita kaɗai ta rayu da shi a matsayin mata, a al'ummar da a wancan lokaci maza ba su cika zama da mace ɗaya kawai ba."
Wahayi na farko
Khadijah da danginta sun zauna a garin Makka, Saudi Arabia, cibiyar addinin Musulunci
An haifi annabi Muhammadu (SAW) kuma ya girma a tsakanin kabilar Kuraishawa (k**ar Nana Khadijah), a daidai lokacin akwai kungiyoyi da ke bauta wa abubuwa daban-daban.
Shekaru kadan bayan ya yi aure, Muhammad ya fara sauyawa zuwa bautar ubangiji - ya kuma koma da yin mu'amalarsa a kusa da manyan duwatsu kusa da birnin Makkar domin kadaicewa tare da yin zurfin tunani.
Kamar yadda addinin Musulunci ya yi imani da shi, Mala'ika Jibrilu ya zo masa da wayahi daga Allah, mala'ikan da ya taba sanar da Maryama cewa za ta zama mahaifiyar Annabi Isa.
Ta wannan hanyar ce aka saukar wa da Annabi Muhammadu littafin Alku'rani mai girma.
An bayyana cewa lokacin da aka yi masa wahayin, ya tsorata saboda da farko bai fahimci me yake faruwa ba.
"Bai iya fahimtar yadda zai bayyana abin da ya shaida ba. Ba shi da masaniya kan batun saboda bai taso cikin fahimtar kadaitar ubangiji Allah ba," in ji Fozia Bora.
"Ya yi tsananin tsorata da dimaucewa game da abin da ya faru. Wasu bayanai da aka tattara sun ce wahayin ba mai sauki ba ne, kuma duk da cewa cikin ruwan sanyi aka zo masa da shi, amma a zahiri akwai firgitarwa.''
Musulmai sun yi imanin cewa Mala'ika Jibrilu ne ya saukar wa Annabi sakon wahayi daga Allah, mala'ikan da shekaru 600 da s**a wuce ya shaida wa Maryam za ta haifi Annabi Isa
Annabi Muhammadu ya yanke shawarar amincewa "da tsarkakaken halittar da zai iya yin amanna a kan komai," in ji farfesa Hoyland.
Khadijah ta saurare shi ta kuma kwantar masa da hankali. Ta kuma gaskata shi sannan ta yi tunanin wannan wani abu ne mai kyau.
Ta kuma nemi shawara daga wani dan uwanta mai ilimin addinin Kirista.
An yi amanna cewa Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya danganta wahayin da aka yi wa annabi Muhammad da na annabi Musa.
"Yana da sani a kan litattafai masu tsarki," Bora ya bayyana, don haka "sahihin tabbaci ne na wahayin da aka yi masa.
"Mun san cewa lokacin da ya fara samun wahayin Alkur'ani mai girma, amma shi kansa Muhammadu na yi wa kansa da kansa wasu-wasi."
Amma kuma Khadijah ta rika ba shi tabbacin cewa shi manzon Allah ne," a cewar Leila Ahmed, wata malamar addinin Musulunci a Jami'ar Harvard.
Mace ta farko da ta karbi addinin Musulunci
Fozia Bora: Wata kwararriya a fannin ilmin tarihi, Khadija babba abin koyi ce
Malamai da dama sun yarda da haka, tun da Khadijah ita ce mutum ta farko da ta fara jin wahayin da aka saukarwa da annabi Muhammadu, dole a dauke ta a matsayin musulma ta farko da ta karbi sabon addinin Musulunci.
"Ta yarda kuma ta amince da sakon," in ji Foiza Bora.
"Ina ganin hakan ne ya karfafa wa Muhammadu gwiwa wajen fara yada sakonninsa."
Masaniyar tarihi Bettany Hughes ta ce a wannan mataki, Muhammadu ya kalubalanci dattawan kabilar kuma ya fara gudanar da wa'azi a bayyane: "Allah shi kadai ne abin bautawa. Yin bauta ga wasu daban sabo ne."
Kamar yadda Foiza Bora ta bayyana, lokacin da Muhammadu ya fara yada addinin Musulunci, al'umomin garin Makka da ba su amince da cewa Allah daya ne ba, sun nuna masa wariya da tsangwama.
"Amma kuma Khadijah," in ji Foiza Bora, "ta ba shi goyon baya da kariyar da yake bukata a lokacin."
"Cikin shekaru 10, Khadijah ta yi amfani da dukiyarta da darajar iyalan da ta fito wajen taimaka wa mijinta ta tallafa wa sabon addinin," in ji Hughes, "addinin da aka gina a bisa tsarin bin bautawa guda daya mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a kuma cikin al'ummar da ta yi imani da abubuwan bauta da dama".
'Shekarar alhini'
"Abu mai matukar sha'awa game da bayanan da aka tattara a wannan lokaci shi ne, yadda mutane ke maganar Khadijah a matsayin mutum mafi kusanci da Muhammad ya samu, fiye ma da abokansa na kusa k**ar Abu Bakar ko Omar," a cewar Farfesa Hoyland.
Masaniyar tarihi Bettany Hughes ta yi nuni da cewa har yanzu Musulmai na tunawa da zagayowar shekarar da ta mutu a matsayin "Shekarar Alhini".
Daga bisani, Muhammadu ya sake yin aure, kuma a wancan karon ya auri mata da yawa.
A wani shirin BBC, Fatima Barkatulla, wata malamar addinin Islama kuma marubuciyar litattafan kananan yara kan rayuwar Khadijah, ta ce akasarin abubuwan da muka sani game da Khadijah sun fito ne daga Hadisai - hikayoyi, al'adu da kuma abubuwan da aka bayyana game da rayuwar annabi Muhammadu.
Mabiya da kuma makusantan annabi Muhammadu s**a fara bayyanawa, kuma daga bisani ne aka rubuta.
Daya daga cikin masu ba da labarin ita ce Aisha, daya daga cikin matan da annabi Muhammadu ya aura daga baya, kuma daya daga cikin fitattun mata a cikin addinin Musulunci.
"A bayyane take cewa annabi Muhammadu ya ba ta labarin Khadijah, kuma ta rika bayyana abubuwan da s**a faru a farkon lokacin da aka saukar masa da wahayi, lokacin daya zama manzon Allah," in ji Fatima Barkatulla.
Duk da cewa Aisha ba ta shaida farkon rayuwar annabi Muhammadu ba ta "rike aikinta hannu biyu wajen isar da sakonnin musulunci ga sauran Musulmai" abubuwan da aka fada mata, marubuciyar ta ce.
Abin koyi
Musulmai mata da dama na dauka Khadija a matsayi abin koyi
A nata bangaren, Foiza Bora, ta ce karatu game da tarihin Khadijah na da matukar muhimmanci wajen warware sarkakiyar da ake da ita a tsakanin al'ummar Musulman farko inda ake barin mata cikin kulle.
Muhammadu bai umarci Khadijah ta bar abin da take son yi ba. Gaskiyar magana, ta ce Musulunci ya bai wa mata dama da 'yanci a lokacin.
"A ganina, a kuma matsayina na masaniyar tarihi, Khadijah abar koyi ce, k**ar Fatima [daya daga cikin 'yayan annabi Muhammadu] da Aisha, cikin sauran matan," in ji Foiza Bora.
"Masu ilmi ne, masu kokari a fannin siyasa, kana sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yada addinin Musulunci da kuma gyara tsarin zamantakewar al'ummar Musumai.''
''Abu ne mai kyau a gare ni,'' in ji malamar, "ka iya samun damar koyar da dalibai, mabiya ko akasin haka, game da wadannan matan."