04/03/2022
3D seismic survey
Basic Understanding about 3D Seismic for Petroleum Exploration ✍️
3D seismic is one of the most important techniques to help geologists and engineers to find out where possible hydrocarbon is located thousands of feet below the earth surface. Without 3D seismic technology, many oilfields cannot be discovered.
Geoscientists have a secret weapon called seismic exploration and it involves sending acoustic energy, which takes the form of wavelets into the ground to get a sound picture beneath the surface. It’s complicated, so let’s start with the analogy of bats. Bats can’t see very well, so they send out little waves of sound that bounce off of objects and then go back to their ears. It’s called sonar. It gives them what you might call a sound picture of their world. That’s a good example of how nature already uses a form of seismic acoustic imaging to locate objects. Doctors also use it for ultrasound imaging.
Geoscientists use man-made tools to make the sound wavelets, listen to them and then record them. When you want to know if oil and gas deposits are in a particular area, geophysical companies bring large trucks that have big vi*****rs on them. Most of the time this is what generates the acoustic energy or a vibration. They use geophones and hydrophones or very sensitive seismic microphones to hear the reflected sounds, but sometimes they set off small, buried charges. They set many geophones on the ground in a line and they are attached to a recorder inside another truck. The vi*****rs send thousands of wavelets down into all the different layers of the earth. Some of the wavelets bounce off of the boundaries between the rocks below the surface and are reflected back to the geophones that are waiting to record them. Each geophone along the cable sends the received wavelets to the recording truck, where they are recorded and stored.
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