13/07/2024
NAVRAS NAV~RTANA SERIES – THE GREAT MASTERS
PANDIT KUMAR GANDHARVA
The Navras Catalogue carried a Tribute Series remembering the departed greatest legends of Indian Classical Music from the second half of 20th Century. This Series, titled Navras Nav~Ratna (Nine Gems), comprised of archival recordings acquired externally.
Today we commence with highlights of each such title on the Navras (now Sony Music India) Catalogue. We begin with the iconic master of Hindustani Khayal Music, Pandit Kumar Gandharva, whose imprint for a variety of reasons covered bellow left a lasting legacy.
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PANDIT KUMAR GANDHARVA (8 Apr 2024 ~ 12 Jan 1992), originally known as Shivaputra Siddharamayya Komkalimath, was an Indian classical singer, well known for his unique vocal style and for his refusal to be bound by the tradition of any gharana. The name, Kumar Gandharva, is a title given to him when he was a child prodigy; a Gandharva is a musical spirit in Hindu mythology.
Gandharva was born near Belgaum, Karnataka, India in a Kannada-speaking Lingayat family. By the age of five, he had already shown signs of a musical prodigy and first appeared on stage at the age of 10. When he was 11, his father sent him to study music under the well-known classical teacher, B.R. Deodhar. His mastery of technique and musical knowledge was so rapid that Gandharva himself was teaching at the school before he had turned 20. By his early 20’s, Gandharva was seen as a star of music and was praised by critics.
In the late 40’s, he was stricken with tuberculosis and was told by doctors that he would never sing again. He was advised to move to the drier climate of Dewas, Madhya Pradesh for his health. For the next six years, Gandharva endured a period of illness and silence. Doctors told him that trying to sing could be fatal and that there was little hope of recovery. Stories of Gandharva in this period depict a man lying in bed and listening to the sounds of nature around him: birds, the wind, and passing street singers. They also detail how he would hum to himself, almost inaudibly. It has been suggested that this was the beginning of Gandharva's radical new conception of the nirguni bhajan, which celebrates a formless (nirguna) divinity.
In 1952, streptomycin emerged as a treatment for tuberculosis, and Gandharva began to take it. Gradually, helped by excellent medical support and care from wife Bhanumati, he recovered and began singing again. However, his voice and singing style would always bear the scars of his illness: one of his lungs had been rendered useless, so he had to adapt to singing with a single lung.
Singing is all about how much air the lungs can hold. A one-lunged singer is a jet plane flying on just one engine. This imposes huge limitations on the range and the pyrotechnical displays of virtuosity. What Kumar lost out on lung power, he more than made up with the use of phonation, resonance and sudden bursts of amplitude (volume/ loudness) changes.
His first post-recovery concert took place in 1953. The illness greatly affected Gandharva's singing in later years – he was to be known for powerful short phrases and his very high voice.
Gandharva also experimented with other forms of singing such as Nirguni bhajans (devotional songs), folk songs, and with both ragas and presentation, often going from fast to slow compositions in the same raga. He is remembered for his great legacy of innovation, questioning tradition without rejecting it outright, resulting in music in touch with the roots of Indian culture, especially the folk music of Madhya Pradesh. His innovative approach towards music, which was often deemed controversial among his peers, led to the creation of new ragas from combinations of older ragas.
For a man who battled adversity, illness and criticism, his life’s philosophy can be summed up in his creation of a raga called MadhSurja. The raga’s slow-tempo bandish is “Bachale le mori ma” (imagined words of a goat being taken for sacrifice). Once the goat realises there is no escape, the acceptance of fate and rejoicing in the last few moments of life are in the fast-tempo bandish “dholiya bajale (play the drums)”. Kumar, he didn’t want to go gentle into that night. He went out in a blaze of incandescent notes setting the listeners’ imagination on fire.
Kumar Gandharva, an institution within himself, was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1977 and India's second-highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan in 1990.
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The accompanying track here is presented from his Navras Records album “Bhairav Ke Prakaar” (variations of the morning Raga Bhairav), in Raga Bhavmat Bhairav. The album is based on a recording at a private “baithak” in August 1978 at the Mumbai residence of the renowned music aficionado R. H. Bengeri.
Notes excerpts: Courtesy of Wikipedia and Shishir Prasad in Economic Times (Kumar Gandharva, the lord of the ragas)
PANDIT KUMAR GANDHARVA ~ Raga Bhavmat Bhairav Pandit Kumar Gandharva (8 Apr 2024 ~ 12 Jan 1992), originally known as Shivaputra Siddharamayya Komkalimath, wa...