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Gil Birmingham is an American actor of Comanche ancestry, best known for his portrayal of Billy Black in the The Twiligh...
01/27/2025

Gil Birmingham is an American actor of Comanche ancestry, best known for his portrayal of Billy Black in the The Twilight Saga film series.
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Birmingham was born in San Antonio, Texas. His family moved frequently during his childhood, due to his father's career in the military. He learned to play the guitar at an early age and considers music his "first love". After obtaining a Bachelor of Science from the University of Southern California, he worked as a petrochemical engineer before becoming an actor. In the early 1980s, a talent scout spotted Birmingham at a local gym, where he had been bodybuilding and entering bodybuilding contests. This led to his first acting experience, in a music video for Diana Ross, for her 1982 hit song "Muscles". After appearing in Ross' music video, Birmingham began to pursue acting as his primary career. He studied acting with Larry Moss and Charles Conrad. In 1986, Birmingham made his television debut on an episode of the series Riptide. By 2002, he had a recurring role as the character Oz in the medical drama Body & Soul, starring Peter Strauss. In 2005, he was cast as the older Dogstar in the Steven Spielberg six-part miniseries Into the West. He recently played a Texas ranger a ranger, in Hell or High Water, opposite Jeff Bridges.
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Chief Standing Elk, Roast, Chief Spotted Tail's son. Sicangu Lakota. 1880s.
01/27/2025

Chief Standing Elk, Roast, Chief Spotted Tail's son. Sicangu Lakota. 1880s.

Taboo Nawasha, whose real name is Jaime Luis Gomez, was born on July 14, 1975. He is a musician, rapper, and a member of...
01/26/2025

Taboo Nawasha, whose real name is Jaime Luis Gomez, was born on July 14, 1975. He is a musician, rapper, and a member of the renowned band Black Eyed Peas. Taboo is of Native American heritage, belonging to the Shoshone tribe, and he proudly embraces his cultural roots through his career and community efforts.
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Taboo is not only known for his musical talent but also for his dedication to raising awareness about Native American culture. He leverages his platform to share stories about the history and heritage of Native communities, emphasizing the importance of cultural preservation and indigenous rights.

One of Taboo's notable contributions is his song "Stand Up / Stand N Rock" (We Are Standing Rock), released in 2016 to support the movement advocating for clean water and environmental protection at the Standing Rock Reservation. The song earned an award at the Native American Music Awards.

Beyond music, Taboo serves as an ambassador for organizations promoting health, education, and rights for Native American communities. He continues to inspire younger generations with positive messages of resilience and cultural pride.
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Taboo Nawasha, whose real name is Jaime Luis Gomez, was born on July 14, 1975. He is a musician, rapper, and a member of...
01/24/2025

Taboo Nawasha, whose real name is Jaime Luis Gomez, was born on July 14, 1975. He is a musician, rapper, and a member of the renowned band Black Eyed Peas. Taboo is of Native American heritage, belonging to the Shoshone tribe, and he proudly embraces his cultural roots through his career and community efforts.
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Taboo is not only known for his musical talent but also for his dedication to raising awareness about Native American culture. He leverages his platform to share stories about the history and heritage of Native communities, emphasizing the importance of cultural preservation and indigenous rights.

One of Taboo's notable contributions is his song "Stand Up / Stand N Rock" (We Are Standing Rock), released in 2016 to support the movement advocating for clean water and environmental protection at the Standing Rock Reservation. The song earned an award at the Native American Music Awards.

Beyond music, Taboo serves as an ambassador for organizations promoting health, education, and rights for Native American communities. He continues to inspire younger generations with positive messages of resilience and cultural pride.
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Cherokee woman, circa 1899.This photo of a Cherokee woman, identified on the photo as Pee-a-rat, and her baby in a cradl...
01/23/2025

Cherokee woman, circa 1899.
This photo of a Cherokee woman, identified on the photo as Pee-a-rat, and her baby in a cradleboard, was part of a series of Ute images taken by the Denver photography studio of Rose & Hopkins in about 1899.
John K. Rose (1849-1932), Benjamin Hopkins (1859-1915), and Lee Morehouse (1850-1926) of Rose & Hopkins, were photographers based in Denver who took photos of Native American Indians wearing traditional dress, including members of the Ute, Arapaho, Shoshone, Pueblo, and Apache tribes throughout Colorado and Wyoming. Portraits include Southern Ute Chief Sapiah (also known as Buckskin Charley), Sapiahโ€™s wife Towee, Weeminuche Ute Chief Ignacio, and Apache Chief James A. Garfield, and many others. Many of their studio portraits were taken at the Denver Festival of Mountain and Plain circa 1896-1899.
Although many of the sitters in the photos are identified, and some are well-known, for many, such as Pee-a-rat, we know nothing beyond their names.
Photo courtesy Denver Public Library.
One of our readers, Carole Graham, exercised a little lateral thinking, and might have come up with a bit more about Pee-a-rat and her child: "There's a Ute woman whose name is extremely close, A-cop-e-a-rat, (age 27) living on the Southern Ute Reservation, according to the 1902 Indian Census Rolls. She's been given the name "Anna Lyon Parker" and has a 1 year old baby daughter, Pu-o. Good chance this is the woman in the photo, especially if it was actually taken ca. 1901-1902

โ€œBefore I was six years old, my grandparents and my mother had taught me that if all the green things that grow were tak...
01/23/2025

โ€œBefore I was six years old, my grandparents and my mother had taught me that if all the green things that grow were taken from the earth, there could be no life. If all the four-legged creatures were taken from the earth, there could be no life. If all the winged creatures were taken from the earth, there could be no life. If all our relatives who crawl and swim and live within the earth were taken away, there could be no life. But if all the human beings were taken away, life on earth would flourish. That is how insignificant we are.โ€
Russell Means, Oglala Lakota Nation (November 10, 1939 โ€“ October 22, 2012). See l

๐‚๐ก๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ ๐ƒ๐š๐ง ๐†๐ž๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐ž, whose real name is Geswanouth Slahoot, was a Canadian actor, poet, and writer of Indigenous descent. H...
01/23/2025

๐‚๐ก๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ ๐ƒ๐š๐ง ๐†๐ž๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐ž, whose real name is Geswanouth Slahoot, was a Canadian actor, poet, and writer of Indigenous descent. He was born on July 24, 1899, belonging to the Tsleil-Waututh (Salish) tribe, in a settlement near North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He became widely known for his acting career, especially in films portraying Indigenous characters.
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Chief Dan George gained further prominence after his role in the classic film "Little Big Man" (1970), where he portrayed a wise, philosophical elder named Old Lodge Skins. This role earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, making him the first Canadian Indigenous person to receive such a nomination.
In addition to his acting career, Chief Dan George was renowned for his writing and poetry, expressing his love and reverence for Indigenous culture. His cultural contributions extended to writing books and essays, helping to spread and preserve the cultural heritage of the Tsleil-Waututh and other Indigenous peoples.
Chief Dan George was also a prominent social activist, advocating for the honoring and protection of Indigenous rights. He worked tirelessly to raise awareness on issues such as Indigenous leadership, environmental conservation, and fair treatment of Indigenous peoples in society.
Beyond his artistic career and social activism, Chief Dan George was also known as a speaker and spiritual leader for the Indigenous community. He often participated in events, workshops, and discussions to share knowledge, inspire others, and encourage confidence and pride within his community.
Chief Dan George also contributed to promoting education and community development among Indigenous peoples. He supported various educational and cultural projects, providing opportunities for younger generations to learn and thrive. He frequently engaged in educational activities and programs to foster understanding and respect for Indigenous culture and history.
To this day, Chief Dan George's legacy lives on through his artistic works, literature, and community activities, continuing to influence and inspire future generations about the importance of cultural diversity and the significance of protecting and respecting the rights of Indigenous communities.
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Stands and Looks Back or Hakikta Najin (1851-1914) was actually an Oglala through he lived all of his later life among t...
01/22/2025

Stands and Looks Back or Hakikta Najin (1851-1914) was actually an Oglala through he lived all of his later life among the Brule at Rosebud. He was present at the Little Bighorn in 1876. His sister married Charles P. Jordan, the clerk at the Red Cloud Agency in 1877 at the time of Crazy Horse's surrender; Jordan was later a trader on the Rosebud Reservation.
Stands and Looks Back married Mary Spotted Horse about 1890 and had a large family. He was photographed several times by Anderson. His granddaughter, Vera Farmer, served as vice-chair of the Rosebud Sioux council. โ€” Ephriam Dickson S

Chief Gall. Hunkpapa Lakota. ca. 1880. Photo by R. L. Kelly's Studio, Pierre, South Dakota. Born in present-day South Da...
01/22/2025

Chief Gall. Hunkpapa Lakota. ca. 1880. Photo by R. L. Kelly's Studio, Pierre, South Dakota. Born in present-day South Dakota around 1840, and orphaned, Gall was said to receive his name after eating the gall of an animal killed by a neighbor. An accomplished warrior by his late teens, Gall became a war chief in his twenties. As a Lakota war leader in the long conflict against United States intrusion onto tribal lands, Gall served with Sitting Bull during several battles, including the famous Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876

Survivors of the Wounded Knee Massacre -- Brothers White Lance, Joseph Horn Cloud, and Dewey Beard [left to right]. Earl...
01/22/2025

Survivors of the Wounded Knee Massacre -- Brothers White Lance, Joseph Horn Cloud, and Dewey Beard [left to right]. Early 1900s. Joseph Horn Cloud was about sixteen years old when he witnessed the Wounded Knee massacre on December 29, 1890, two other brothers, Frank Horn Cloud and Earnest Horn Cloud also survived, his parents, two brothers, and a sister were killed.

The beloved actor Sam Elliott was born in Sacramento, California on this day in 1944. He turns 80 today! ๐Ÿค  ๐ŸŽ‰Samuel Pack ...
01/22/2025

The beloved actor Sam Elliott was born in Sacramento, California on this day in 1944. He turns 80 today! ๐Ÿค  ๐ŸŽ‰
Samuel Pack Elliott (born August 9, 1944) is an American actor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including a Screen Actors Guild Award and a National Board of Review Award.
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He has been nominated for an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and two Emmy Awards. Elliott was cast in the musical drama A Star Is Born (2018), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding prizes at the Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards. He also won a National Board of Review Award. Elliott starred as Shea Brennan in the American drama miniseries 1883 (2021โ€“2022), for which he won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie.
Elliott is known for his distinctive lanky physique, full mustache, and deep, sonorous voice. He began his acting career with minor appearances in The Way West (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), season five of Mission: Impossible, and guest-starred on television in the Western Gunsmoke (1972) before landing his first lead film role in Frogs (1972). His film breakthrough was in the drama Lifeguard (1976). Elliott co-starred in the box office hit Mask (1985) and went on to star in several Louis L'Amour adaptations such as The Quick and the Dead (1987) and Conagher (1991), the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor โ€“ Miniseries or Television Film. He received his second Golden Globe and first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Buffalo Girls (1995). His other film credits from the early 1990s include as John Buford in the historical drama Gettysburg (1993) and as Virgil Earp in the Western Tombstone (also 1993). In 1998, he played the Stranger in The Big Lebowski.
In the 2000s, Elliott appeared in supporting roles in the drama We Were Soldiers (2002) and the superhero films Hulk (2003) and Ghost Rider (2007). In 2015, he guest-starred on the series Justified, which earned him a Critics' Choice Television Award, and in 2016 began starring in the Netflix series The Ranch. Elliott subsequently had a lead role in the comedy-drama The Hero.
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The Blackfoot-speaking people, known collectively as the Niitsitapi, place great importance on family, kinship, and soci...
01/21/2025

The Blackfoot-speaking people, known collectively as the Niitsitapi, place great importance on family, kinship, and social responsibility within their community. Their way of life revolves around interconnected relationships, where terms like "wife" and "husband" extend to broader family groups, implying mutual obligations. For example, if a husband passed away, his brothers would take responsibility for the well-being of his widow and her children. This structure allowed the community to care for each other, especially during challenging times such as the late 1800s when disease and warfare reduced the male population, making polygynous marriages more common.

Family Structure and Leadership
Camps were organized by family ties through marriage, and individuals had the flexibility to move between camps based on personal relationships.
Decision-making was collaborative, relying on consensus. Leaders were chosen for their wisdom, generosity, skill, and ability to unite people, rather than holding fixed positions of authority. Leadership was also situational; a leader for warfare might not necessarily lead a buffalo hunt.
Families were grouped into larger units or clans that occupied specific territories. These clans, in turn, formed the basis of the three Blackfoot-speaking nations:
Siksika (Blackfoot) along the eastern region
Kainai (Many Leaders) in the central area
Piikani (Scabby Robes) along the foothills
The Piikani were later divided by the U.S.-Canada border into the Ammskaapipiikani (Montana) and the Apatohsipiikani (Alberta).
Kinship and Social Organization
Niitsitapi communities foster strong inter-clan and inter-nation relationships through marriage, where obligations extended across family lines, clans, and entire nations. This interconnectedness ensured that support and care extended beyond immediate family units.

Age-Grade Societies
Niitsitapi males participated in "age-grade" or "all comrades" societies, which were significant for both social and ceremonial purposes:

Boys joined these societies around age seven or eight and moved into higher ranks every four years.
Membership involved gift exchanges with senior members who passed down responsibilities and privileges.
Adult societies required the participation of female partners, who cared for sacred items. This partnership added another dimension of kinship within the societies, further reinforcing social ties.
Niitsitapi women also maintained their own society, known as the Motokis, which was composed entirely of women and extended across the entire nation.

Sacred Relationships and Peace Agreements
While the Niitsitapi were renowned as fierce warriors, they also embraced peaceful diplomacy. Their concept of innaihtsookakihtsimaan emphasized the sacredness of peaceful relationships. Treaties between groups were formalized by:

Smoking the peace pipe
Praying together
Calling upon Ihtsitpaitapiyopa (the divine spirit) to witness and sanctify the peace agreements.
This way of life highlights the importance of unity, responsibility, and interconnectedness within Niitsitapi society, where social and spiritual ties shaped every aspect of lifeโ€”from family care to political alliance

The forced relocation of American Indians began with the Indian Removal Act of 1830.In 1838, the Cherokee Indians became...
01/21/2025

The forced relocation of American Indians began with the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
In 1838, the Cherokee Indians became the fifth major tribe to experience forced relocation to Indian Territory. The Cherokee Nation moved from its ancestral homeland in parts of North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama to land set aside for them in what is now the state of Oklahoma.
More than 15,000 Cherokee Indians were removed by the U.S. Army.
The Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes were the other tribes that were forced to relocate. Over 100,000 Native Americans from the five tribes were forced to move.
These people were held in concentration-like camps through the summer, then they were then forced to travel over 1,000 miles, under very hard conditions to Indian Territory.
Along the trail, nearly 4,000 Cherokee died of starvation, exposure, or disease.
The Cherokees came to call this forced move โ€œNunahi-Duna-Dlo-Hilu-Iโ€ or โ€œTrail Where They Criedโ€.
The result of the U.S. Governmentโ€™s American Indian Removal Policy devastated American Indian cultures. The Native Americans had been a strong and vibrant part of North American history , but what the government did to these people is difficult to understand and accept.
In 1987, Congress passed Public Law 100-192, designating two of the routes taken by the Cherokee people in their removal as a National Historic Trail within the National Trails System. Today, it is best know as โ€œThe Trail of Tearsโ€.
The forced removal of the Indians remains a black mark on American history, and reminds those who desire freedom, that all people deserve a life of liberty regardless of race, religion, or ethnicity. แบจ

With regard to Comanche men, they were very proud of their hair. From the center of their forehead all the way back to t...
01/21/2025

With regard to Comanche men, they were very proud of their hair. From the center of their forehead all the way back to the crown, men skillfully parted their hair.
On each side, a braid was carefully fashioned. A dash of color such as red or yellow ran along the part. A man's braids were tied or wrapped with his favorite colored material. In more recent times, older men had a preference for cloth or yarn.
Moreover, men pulled out all facial hair including eyebrows with bone tweezers in a careful manner. Afterward, the face of a Comanche tended to be quite smooth.

A superb picture of the handsome Comanche elder Tom Chockpoyah at age 82 visiting the American Indian Exposition in Anadarko, Oklahoma, circa 1946. Taken by the French photographer Pierre Tartoue. Pierre had traveled to Oklahoma in the 1930's up to the 1950's capturing tribal communities.
Tom was born in 1864. He passed away at age 89 in 1953. Courtesy of Lawton Then & Now Memories and the Lawton News-Review.

Happy 80th Birthday, Danny Trejo!Danny Trejo, born on May 16, 1944, in Los Angeles, California, is a renowned American a...
01/21/2025

Happy 80th Birthday, Danny Trejo!
Danny Trejo, born on May 16, 1944, in Los Angeles, California, is a renowned American actor (of Mexican descent) known for his distinctive appearance and frequent roles as a villain in many action and crime films. Having endured a difficult childhood and many years in prison for drug-related and violent offenses, Trejo found a way out through participating in rehabilitation programs and becoming a boxing champion in prison.
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His acting career began by chance when he was invited to be a drug counselor for a film, leading to many small roles and eventually major roles in films like "Desperado," "Heat," "From Dusk Till Dawn," and "Machete."
Besides his acting career, Trejo is also a successful entrepreneur with a chain of restaurants, Trejoโ€™s Tacos and Trejoโ€™s Coffee & Donuts in Los Angeles. He actively participates in charitable activities, particularly helping those struggling with drug addiction, using his life experiences to become a motivational speaker and advisor, positively impacting the community.
Danny Trejo's contributions to indigenous culture are significant. With his Mexican heritage, he takes pride in his cultural background and often uses his platform to raise awareness about the issues faced by indigenous and Latino communities. Trejo participates in numerous projects and events that support and honor indigenous culture while promoting the preservation and development of traditional values. He also leverages his fame and influence to advocate for the rights of marginalized communities, contributing to building a fair and respectful society that embraces cultural diversity.
Danny Trejo is not only an icon in the entertainment industry but also an active advocate for indigenous communities and their cultural values, consistently striving to make a positive difference in society.
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Chief Quanah Parker. Comanche. Lawton, Oklahoma. Photo by Bates. ca. 1904-1918. Source - Southern Methodist University, ...
01/20/2025

Chief Quanah Parker. Comanche. Lawton, Oklahoma. Photo by Bates. ca. 1904-1918. Source - Southern Methodist University, Central University Libraries, DeGolyer Library

Issabella Boyd was born a slave of Gus Wood, in Richmond, Va., who moved to Texas by boat before the Civil War."Lemme se...
01/20/2025

Issabella Boyd was born a slave of Gus Wood, in Richmond, Va., who moved to Texas by boat before the Civil War.
"Lemme see, I come from Richmond, Virginy, to Texas. Massa Gus Wood was my owner and I kin recollect my white folks. I's born in dat country and dey brought me over to Richmond and my papa and mama, too. I was jus' 'bout big 'nough to begin to 'member.
"I come from Richmond yere on de boat, sometime de steamboat, sometime de big boat.
When we left New Orleans dat evenin' we struck a big storm. Us git on dat boat in Richmond and went floatin' down to de big boat dat mornin'. Looks like it jus' fun for us, but every time we look back and think 'bout home it make us sad.
"I had a dear, good mistus and my boss man, he furnish a house for he servants, a purty good house. And dey had a place for de Sunday School. Dem was good times. De mistus cook dinner and send it down for de old folks and chillen to have plenty.
"My mistus kep' me right in de house, right by her, sewing. I could sew so fast I git my task over 'fore de others git started good.
"Lots of times when de gals wants to go to de dance I he'p make de dresses. I 'member de pretties' one like yesterday. It have tucks from de waist to de hem and had diamonds cut all in de skirt.
"Our boss man was 'ticular 'bout us being tended to and we was well took care of. He brung us to Beaumont when it was de plumb mud hole, and he settle down and try to build up and make it a go.
"Massa Wood he allus takes de paper and one night they set up da long time and do dey readin'. Next mornin' de old cook woman, she say, 'Well, dey have de big war, and lots of dem wounded.' Befo' long us has to take care of some dem wounded soldiers, and dey has de camp place near us. Dey all camp 'round dere and I don't know which was de Yankees and de 'federates.
"When we all gits free, dey's de long time lettin' us know. Dey wants to git through with de corn and de cotton befo' dey let's de hands loose. Dey was people from other plantations say. 'Ni**ers, you's free and yere you workin'.' Us say, 'No, de gov'ment tell us when we's free.' We workin' one day when somebody from Massa Grissom place come by and tell us we's free, and us stop workin'. Dey tell us to go on workin' and de boss man he come up and he say he gwine knock us off de fence if we don't go to work. Mistus come out and say, 'Ain't you gwine make dem ni**ers go to work?' He send her back in de house and he call for de carriage and say he goin' to town for to see what de gov'ment goin' do. Nex' day he come back and say, 'Well, you's jus' as free as I is.'
"He say to me I could stay and cook for dem, and he give me five dollar a month and a house to stay in and all I kin eat. I stays de month to do dere work.
"After dat I wishes sometimes dat old times is back 'gain. I likes to be free, but I wasn't used to it and it was hard to know how to do. I 'members de dances we has in de old times, when we makes de music with banjo and other things. Some de good massas 'lowed de ni**ers dance in de back yard and if we goes over dere without de pass de patterroles gits us maybe. One time my papa he runnin' from dem patterroles and he run slap into de young massa and he say, 'Oh, you ain't no ni**er, I kin tell by de smell.'
"Dat mind me of de ghost story dey used to tell 'bout de ghosties what live in de big bridge down in de hollow. De ni**ers day say dat ghostie make too much noise, with all he hollerin' and he rattlin' dem chain. So dat night one us ni**ers what dey call Charlie, he say he ain't 'fraid and he gwineter git him a ghostie, sho' 'nough. Us didn't believe him but purty soon us hears right smart wrastlin' with de chains and hollerin' down by de bridge and after 'while he come and say he git de best of dat ghostie, 'cause he ain't got strength like de man.
"Me and my old man us have twelve chillens altogedder. My husban' he come from South Car'lina whar dey eats cottonseed. I used to joke him 'bout it. I allus say Virginny de best, 'cause I come from dere.
Source
Public Domain S

Flying HawkFlying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: ฤŒhetรกล‹ Kiล‹yรกล‹ in Standard Lakota Orthography; also known as Moses Flying Hawk; Ma...
01/20/2025

Flying Hawk
Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: ฤŒhetรกล‹ Kiล‹yรกล‹ in Standard Lakota Orthography; also known as Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 โ€“ December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher. Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage. Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876. He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890. Chief Flying Hawk was one of the five warrior cousins who sacrificed blood and flesh for Crazy Horse at the Last Sun Dance of 1877. Chief Flying Hawk was the author of his commentaries and accounts of the Battle of the Little Big Horn, Crazy Horse and the Wounded Knee Massacre, and of Native American warriors and statesmen from who fought to protect their families, defend the invasion of their lands and preserve their culture. Chief Flying Hawk was probably the longest standing Wild Wester, traveling for over 30 years throughout the United States and Europe from about 1898 to about 1930. Chief Flying Hawk was an educator and believed public education was essential to preserve Lakota culture. He frequently visited public schools for presentations. Chief Flying Hawk leaves a legacy of Native American philosophy and his winter count covers nearly 150 years of Lakota history.

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