Inside your 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟰 issue:
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☝️ How buoyant force works
🛁Diving into Archimedes’ principle
☢️Dispelling myths about nuclear energy
🌆Creating walkable cities
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🚀Inside August 2022 issue:
⚡️Electric animals: How do they generate electricity?
🤖How do robots explore the deep ocean?
❗️Who came up with disclaimers?
⌛️Why do naked mole-rats live so long?
💡ls logic more reliable than intuition?
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♐️What are zodiac signs based on?
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🎮How do blind people play video games?
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Scientists have recorded a “Pepperoni” storm on Jupiter!
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NASA recently shared an Instagram video of a storm on Jupiter that surprisingly resembles a pepperoni pizza.
This is an infrared view of Jupiter’s north pole. The image was made by the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) spectrometer installed on the Juno spacecraft.
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Juno was sent to investigate the gravitational and magnetic fields of Jupiter, graph a map of its winds (their speed can reach a whopping 618 km/h, or 384 mph!), explore the planet’s atmosphere, and find out whether the gas giant has a solid core.
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The name of the space probe comes from Greco-Roman mythology. Jupiter, the god of sky and thunder, covered himself with a veil of clouds to hide his mischief, but his wife, the goddess Juno, was able to peer through the clouds and see his true nature. We hope that this mission will similarly reveal all the secrets of the largest planet in our solar system.
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In the meantime, we can admire this very appetizing Jupiter storm.
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While you are reading this post, somewhere in Japan a capybara is enjoying its life in an onsen hot spring.
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You’ve probably seen charming videos of big lazy rodents basking in water with fruits floating around them. Most likely, that fruit is yuzu — citrus with a strong smell, a hybrid of lemon and tangerine. Bathing in an onsen with yuzu is a traditional Japanese ritual that’s performed on the day of the winter solstice in order to strengthen health and wash away problems.
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How did capybaras end up in these hot springs? At home, in South and Central America, they are used to soaking in warm water. Now that these rodents are found in many zoos around the world, however, not all climates are suitable for them. Experts at a Japanese zoo have noticed that capybaras’ skin becomes dry and rough in winter. As an experiment, capybaras were placed in onsen baths and their condition was monitored for three weeks. Scientists monitored not just their external appearance but also their psychological comfort.
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The researchers made a table in which they assessed the animals’ level of comfort based on their eyes and ear position. When a capybara feels comfortable, it closes its eyes and pulls back its ears.
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As a result of the experiment, the subjects’ skin became tender and soft, like in the summer. The desired effect was achieved!
Now, moving on to the main question: How do we stop being envious of capybaras? Scientists have yet to find the answer.
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So far, the "pulsating mass" only slightly resembles a human heart, but it already contains a hollow chamber enclosed in the walls of the heart tissue.
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The model practically built itself. Scientists stimulated the pluripotent stem cells (which can make any type of cell or tissue) using special signals that coordinate heart development in the human embryo. These signals help stem cells "decide" if they'll become the cells that form the muscles, skin, or a new organ.
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The heart is one of the very first organs to form in an embryo. Scientists still don't know all the features of its development, so creating an artificial heart is a very challenging but important task! After all, it can help cure many people who are seriously ill or are waiting for a transplant!
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NASA launched the all-terrain vehicle Perseverance with the goal of recording sounds on Mars. Perseverance has already made it three-quarters of the way to the Red Planet, and it should land on February 18.
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Scientists expect that things will sound different on Mars: the atmospheric pressure there is a hundred times less than on the Earth, and the composition of Mars' atmosphere is very different than our planet's. The speed of sound on Mars is 787 feet per second (on Earth it's 1,115 ft/s), so noises take longer to reach our ears. They're also muted — some sounds, like a whistle or birdsong, are almost completely inaudible.
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Taking these differences into account, what would waves, a bicycle bell, and other noises sound like on Mars? You can find out on NASA's experimental website "Sounds of Mars". Try it using the link below!
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Link to the experiment:
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https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/sounds/
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Engineers in Singapore have shown that it is possible to create electronically-controlled plants. The Venus flytrap is known for being able to quickly snap closed if it feels a touch on its hairs.
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The engineers attached four special electrodes to the outer part of the flytrap's flaps and tried to close them using electrical stimulation - and it worked!
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The experiment allowed them to grip several objects: using the plant, they were able to lift a small wire and even support a small weight.
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This is not the first example of research that is at the intersection of nature and technology. For example, American engineers implanted electrodes into the brains of locusts to allow them to detect explosives using their sense of smell.
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The article was published in the journal 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝘀.
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If you look at the sky on a clear night, you can see stars. They are so far away, and they also appear to… twinkle. Wait a minute, why is that?
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Alas, it's not signals from aliens — it's just the air! Layers of the Earth's atmosphere, different in density and temperature, refract the starlight, acting like multiple lenses. This is why it seems to us like the stars twinkle or even move.
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This flickering effect is referred to as scintillation.
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On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake in the Indian Ocean caused the deadliest tsunami in modern history.
10-year-old schoolgirl Tilly Smith was on vacation with her family in Thailand. That day, she noticed an unusual roughness of the sea surface: the water was all foam. Tilly recalled seeing a similar phenomenon in a tsunami video — it had been shown in her geography class only two weeks before. The girl persuaded her parents and other tourists to leave the beach, and her father warned the rescue team.
By the time a giant wave hit the shore, no one was there (about a hundred people were saved). In countries affected by the disaster, more than 200,000 people died.
It's not so easy to detect an approaching tsunami, since the wave is far from the coast and isn't very high. The coastline can provide an indication of an incoming tsunami: the water begins to quickly recede from the coast, you can hear a loud roar from the ocean, and the tide regime is disrupted.
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Why do you shiver when you get cold
Heat can be obtained from the external environment or generated within the body — this process is called thermogenesis. There are three main types of thermogenic mechanisms: voluntary muscle contraction (i.e., exercise), involuntary muscle contraction (shivering), and increased "burning" of molecules, or energy sources, known as nonshivering thermogenesis.
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Shivering is an unconditioned response triggered by the hypothalamus. After receiving a signal from the temperature-sensitive skin receptors about the cold, it sends an impulse to muscle fibers to contract. The release of heat during voluntary movement or exercise is merely a by-product, but it is the primary purpose of shivering: your body and limbs as a whole stay put when you shiver. The capacity to shiver in response to cold temperatures decreases with age.
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