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Dinosaurs lived during the Mesozoic Era (252 to 66 million years ago), often called the “Age of Dinosaurs.” The Mesozoic Era is divided into three time periods, the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.

08/30/2024

One of the strangest and most fascinating friendships found in nature! Crows may not be as strong as hawks, owls, or eagles, but they possess intelligence that surpasses all birds of prey! Their use of this intelligence is truly astonishing! In northern regions, scientists have observed a strange friendship that has developed between wild wolves and crows! Crows naturally feed on any type of meat, from insects to the remains of large predators' prey! But now they're in a cold, snowy climate! There are no insects around, and they can't hunt an animal on their own to eat, and even if they find one alone, they don't have the strength to open it, so what's the solution? Somehow, they managed to convince the wolves to collaborate with them. Crows have the advantage of flying and the ability to have a wide peripheral view from the sky! Wolves, on the other hand, have the strength and ability to hunt and maneuver. So, the crows started flying close to the wolf pack they decided to befriend! They would fly around the area, scouting it completely like a reconnaissance plane, for example! When they spot a deer, a rabbit, or any prey, they circle around it silently and send one of their own to go to the wolf pack and inform them that they've found prey. The wolves follow the crow to the prey's location, surround it, and hunt it down! The wolves start eating and allow the crows to eat with them from the same prey after opening it, or the crows wait until the wolves are done and have opened up the carcass so they can peck at it freely. The crows then come down to eat until they're full, rest, and then move on to the next hunt, and so on! I know it sounds like something out of a cartoon movie, but this actually happens. There's even such a strong sense of respect between them that if a crow dies for any reason during the hunt, the wolves participate in holding a funeral for it! It's truly fascinating, and crows are creatures that compel you to respect their intelligence!

08/14/2024

❤🦖

08/13/2024

Ammonites
Ammonites are ancient relatives of squids that lived during the Mesozoic.
Ammonites (AM-mon-ites) probably moved by jet propulsion. An ammonite shell was divided into chambers. These were linked by a tube that let in gas or fluid. This controlled the density of the shell and let the animal adjust its buoyancy as it grew-sometimes as large as a tractor tire.
The chambers of an ammonite in cross section. The outermost chamber is the living chamber and a tube connects the chambers to control its buoyancy.
Coiling Patterns
Ammonites had a coiled shell made of multiple chambers.
Their tentacled, squid-like bodies lived in the last and largest chamber of the shell, which was open. When that became cramped, the animal added a new, bigger chamber to its coiled shell. The ancestors of the ammonites were present in the Paleozoic, but they became diverse in the time of the giant dinosaurs.
1️⃣ Ammonites
a Gift of Wayne Itano
b Gift of Alan and Janet Ginsberg
c Gift of Sheldon Grippin Morris
2️⃣ Ammonites
Coroniceras (Arietites) stellaris 201 to 174 million years ago, England, United Kingdom
Two large ammonites-a whole specimen alongside a similar specimen that has been cut and polished to show the interior of the shell.

08/13/2024

hello here's part 1

08/13/2024

An Explosion of Life
The Burgess Shale fossil deposit records the dramatic beginning of new types of multicellular life on Earth.
Almost all major types of marine animals alive today evolved around half a billion years ago during an event called the Cambrian explosion. Changes in the ways that genes control the makeup of animals, rising oxygen leve and expanding ocean habitats were just some of the reasons for this evolutionary burst.
Peabody curator Derek E.G. Briggs worked with artist Elissa Sorojsrisom to create this reconstruction of marine life 508 million years ago, now preserved in the Burgess Shale.
Reconstructing Animal Life
Models help us understand fossils as living animals.
The animals from the Burgess Shale were flattened as they fossilized. They are preserved as black carbon films on dark gray rocks. Paleontologists use several specimens to make a detailed three-dimensional models of a species. Characteristics like color are taken from today's animals living in similar habitats.
1️⃣ Radiodont arthropod
a Anomalocaris canadensis model, 3 times life size
b, c Anomalocaris canadensis fossil d Peytoia nathorsti mouth appendages e Anomalocaris canadensis cast
These fossils were misinterpreted for decades before a nearly complete Anomalocaris (ah-NAM-ah-low-CARE-iss) was found. The circular mouthparts had been described as a jellyfish. The appendages look like headless shrimp. Because of this, its name means "weird shrimp."
2️⃣ Early arthropod
Opabinia regalis
a Model, 2.5 times life size b Fossil
It has five eyes atop its head and a flexible proboscis. Opabinia is now recognized as an early offshoot of the line leading to living arthropods, such as insects and crabs.
3️⃣ Early mollusk
Wiwaxia corrugata a Model, 1.5 times life size b Cast
It might look like a pinecone, but it is an early mollusk, covered in small armor-like plates called sclerites.
4️⃣ Early arthropod
Marella splendens
a Model, 5 times life size b Fossil
Marrella had feathery appendages that it probably used to catch tiny animals in the water.
5️⃣ Velvet worm
Hallucigenia sparsa
a Model, 1.4 times life size b Cast
The name says it all-Hallucigenia (ha-loos-i-JEEN-ee-a) looks like something you might make up. Despite its odd appearance, scientists agree that it is an ancient velvet worm, a group that is still around today.
9️⃣ P***s worm
Ottoia prolifica a Model, life size b Fossil
Ottoia (oh-TOY-ah) is a common fossil in the Burgess Shale deposit. The black stripe down the the middle of this specimen is the fossilized gut of the animal. Soft animals like worms rarely become fossils.
All animals from 508 million years ago, British
Columbia, Canada Models by 10 Tons
The Burgess Shale
These rocks have yielded spectacularly preserved fossils from 508 million years ago.
The strange fossils of the Burgess Shale in the Canadian Rockies are so well preserved that we get a peek at life half a billion years ago. Unusual conditions captured not only complete shells and outer skeletons, but also soft tissue such as guts, nervous systems, and other organs.
7️⃣ Early arthropod
Leanchoilia superiata
This swimming creature is in the group known as the "great appendage" arthropods.
8️⃣ Early arthropod Canadaspis perfecta
508 million years ago, British Columbia, Canada
Western Canada was covered by ocean when swimming creatures like Waptia and Canadaspis lived. Since then Earth's crust shifted, reshaping the continents and uplifting the ocean floor to create the North American Rocky Mountains.
📸 Photo belongs to me: Age of Dinosaurs

08/11/2024

Big hips
This is the upper part of the hips - the ilia and the associated backbones, or sacrum - of the enormous long-necked plant-eater
Diplodocus longus. They are part of the first dinosaur fossil in our collection to have been excavated by Museum scientists, in 1897.
Diplodocus longus Late Jurassic Period 150 million years ago Wyoming, USA AMNH FARB 223
American Museum of Natural History
Photo belongs to me: Age of Dinosaurs
𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐮𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐕𝐈𝐑𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬

08/07/2024

Glyptotherium texanum: Skull
(glip-to-the-re-um tek-san-um)
"carved beast"
Can you see the two puncture wounds in the top of this Glyptotherium skull? The bite probably killed the glyptodont. A large predator seized it from the front, either to knock it over or to immobilize it so other predators could attack. Although we do not know the do not identity of the attacker, the most likely candidate is a jaguar-sized cat. Bones of cats have been tound in deposits that were laid down at the same time as those in which the glyptodont was found. This species is the earliest glyptodont to appear in North America. It reached Arizona and Texas shortly after the Isthmus of Panama was formed.
PLIOCENE
Glyptotherium texanum lived 2.5 million years ago
FAM 95737, collected by T. Galusha, 1939, Dry Mountain, Graham County, Arizona
American Museum of Natural History

08/04/2024

1. Harpagolestes immanis: skull and jaws
(har-pa-go-les-tez ih-man-is)
"rapacious robber"
Harpagolestes was a close relative of Andrewsarchus, although it was considerably smaller. It was fully terrestrial, and its complete skeleton is known. The animal was 4 to 5 feet long and built like a large hyena, with a massive head. The jaws had elongated teeth for shearing meat, like those in the earliest whales.
EOCENE
Harpagolestes immanis lived 45 million years ago.
AMNH 13143, collected by P. C. Miller, AMNH expedition of 1906, north side of Haystack Mountain, Washakie Basin, Wyoming
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2. Charles R. Knight (American, 1874-1953), Mesonyx, 1896, gouache on artist board
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3. Andrewsarchus mongoliensis
(an-drooz-ar-kus mong- go-le-en-sis)
"chief Andrews" lafter Roy Chapman Andrews)
Andrewsarchus is the largest land-dwelling carnivorous mammal ever discovered. Paleontologists have estimated that this animal was over 12 teet long, and 6 feet tall at the shoulder!
An early Cenozoic cousin of marine whales, Andrewsarchus shares features of the ear with them.
EOCENE
Andrewsarchus mongoliensis lived 45 million years ago.
AMNH 20135, collected by G. Olsen, 1923, Irdin Manha bench, 1 mile north of Telegraph Line, Mongolia
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4. Saghacetus osiris
(sag-a-se- tus o-si-ris)
"whale from the Quasr el-Sagha formation"
This long, streamlined skull fitted on an extremely long, tapered body, which was well formed for swimming efficiently through water. Even in this early whale, the tront teet were already modified into flippers. The hind limbs were still relatively large, and the nostrils were positioned near the front of the snout.
In modern whales, the hind limbs have almost completely disappeared, and the nostrils are located on top of the skull.
EOCENE
Saghacetus osiris lived 40 million years ago.
AMNH 14382, collected in the Fayum district, Egypt; purchased from F. Krantz, 1913
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6. Pakicetus inachus
(pak-e-Se-tus in-a-kus)
"Pakistan whale"
This is the reconstructed skull of Pakicetus inachus, an early relative of whales. It inhabited the warm waters of the Tethys Sea, which separated Asia from India (then an island) about 45 million years ago. The animal's long snout and jaws were studded with sharp pointed teeth at the front, presumably for catching fish. Farther back were long shearing teeth for slicing meat. The nostrils were still positioned at the tront of the snout. The feet of Pakicetus had not developed into flippers. Instead, they were more like those of primitive artiodactyls and indicate a good land runner.
EOCENE
Pakicetus inachus lived 45 million years ago.
AMNH 127460, collected in Ganda Kas, Pakistan; received in exchange from the University of Michigan, 1990
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7. Eurhinode/phis longirostris
(cu-ri-no-del -fis lon-je-ros-tris)
"true nosed dolphin"
The needle-nosed porpoise Eurhinodelphis is actually a toothed whale.
Its teeth - sharp, pointed, and much more numerous than in most mammals - are similar to those of living porpoises, suggesting that, like them, it ate a diet of fish. The skull is very streamlined, and the nasal openings are above the eyes. The animal's body form is much like that of living porpoises.
MIOCENE
Eurhinodelphis longirostris lived 15 million years ago.
AMNH 128886, collected by L. Myrick, 1972, Calvert, Maryland.

08/02/2024

Palaeosyops leidyi: skull and jaws
(pa-le-o-si-ops li - de-i)
"ancient pig form"
Palaeosyops, the largest perissodactyl of its age, was a primitive brontothere without horns. provides evidence that this group of perissodactyls achieved large size early in their evolutionary history. There are no large gaps between any of its teeth, indicating that Palaeosyops probably grabbed and shredded vegetation at random, rather than selectively feeding on a particular part of a plant. Many living animals without gaps between their teeth feed in this indiscriminate manner.
EOCENE
Palaeosyops leidyi lived 50 million years ago
E. S. Christman (American, 1885-1921), Palaeosyops, 1911, plaster
Charles R. Knight (American, 1874-1953), Palaeosyops, 1896, gouache on artist board
AMNH 1516/1564, collected by J. L. Wortman, AMNH expedition of 1893, Sage Creek, Bridger Basin, Wyoming

08/01/2024

Archaeotherium mortoni: Skeleton
(ar-ke-o-the-re-um mor-ton-i)
"ancient beast"
This entelodont skeleton has the long head, large canine teeth, stout premolars, and blunt molars typical of primitive artiodactyls. The number of toes in the hind feet has been greatly reduced, with only the two central toes remaining. The foot bones are not fused together, as in more advanced artiodactyls.
OLIGOCENE
Archaeotherium mortoni lived 32 million years ago
Charles R. Knight (American, 1874-1953), Elotherium, 1896, gouache on artist board
AMNH 11323, collected in Weld County, Coiorado; receivea in exchange from the Colorado Museum of Natural History, 1924

07/30/2024

Brontops robustus: Skeleton
(bron-tops ro-bus-tus)
"thunder-beast form"
Brontops, the largest perissodactyl of its time, represents the apex of large body size and of horn development in brontotheres. Its prominent horns grew out of the nasal bones on the snout and, presumably, were covered by a thin layer of skin. Male Brontops, which apparently had larger horns than temales, may have used them in fighting to establish dominance for mating. Possibly during one such fight, this animal suffered a broken rib on the right side of its rib cage, but clearly survived.
EOCENE
Brontops robustus lived 35 million years ago.
AMNH 518, collected by AMNH expedition of 1892, South Dakota

07/28/2024

spinosaurus Adverture.
thanks for watching.

07/28/2024

Synthetoceras tricoronatus: skull
(Sin-the-tos-er-us tri-kor-o-na-tus )
"joined horn"
Beginning about 15 million years ago, the protoceratids were confined to the southern part of North America and the Gulf coast. They lived in Florida until about 5 million years ago. This is probably related to the development of drier environments in central North America, and the restriction of their preferred habitats and food sources to more humid regions.
As you can see, the paired nose horns of Protoceras became partially fused in Syndyoceras, and totally fused into the long "Slingshot" nose horn of Synthetoceras.
MIOCENE
Synthetoceras tricoronatus lived 10 million years ago
FAM 33407, collected by J. Lynch, 1936, MacAdams Quarry, Clarendon, Texas
American Museum of Natural History
𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐮𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐕𝐈𝐑𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬

07/27/2024

"Formidable obstacle"
An Arctotherium bonariense - the giant short-faced bear of the Lujanian in South America is interested in the dinner of a couple of Similodon populator, but the two of them seem as quite a formidable obstacle to the bear acting further and the interaction is restricted to distant exchange of unfriendly manifestations.

07/27/2024

Woolly Mammoth
let death be kinder than man

07/27/2024

czZMFAzqRAI 🦖❤

07/24/2024

Panoplosaurus mirus: skull and jaws (cast)
(pan-o-plo-SO-rus mi -rus)
"fully plated reptile"
Edmontonia rugosidens: skull (sectioned)
(ed-mon-to-ne-ah roo-gO-sih-denz)
"from the Edmonton Formation"
The "true" ankylosaurs are more advanced than the nodosaurs because they have complex nasal sinuses in the skull and a club at the end of the tail. Edmontonia and Panoplosaurus, which are nodosaurs, have a simpler, more primitive sinus construction, shown here in the sectioned skull of Edmontonia.
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Ankylosaurus magniventris: skull and jaws
(ang-ki- 10-SO-rus mag-Ni-ven-tris)
"fused reptile"
Euoplocephalus tutus: skull
(U-o-plo-Sef-ah-lus tu-tus)
"true plated head"
Euoplocephalus has an arched snout with a more complex sinus. All ankylosaur skulls have grooves on the surface. These show the positions of scales that covered the bone and provided further protection when the animal was alive.
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Ankylosaurus magniventris: Tail
(ang-ki -10-SO-rus mag-ni-ven-tris)
"fused reptile"
Ankylosaurus, a "true" ankylosaur, has a large tail club, which was presumably used for defense. The largest ankylosaur that has ever been found, Ankylosaurus reached up to 35 feet in length.
Sauropelta edwardsi: tail vertebrae
(sor-o-pel -ta ed - ward-zi)
"shielded reptile"
The ankylosaurs consist of two groups: the "true" ankylosaurs, and the nodosaurs. One of the most obvious differences between the two groups
is seen in the tail. In "true" ankylosaurs, the tail has a club. Nodosaurs have a tail without a cub. The Sauropelta tail shown here has a kink in it that was apparently formed during the animal's life.

07/23/2024

hello heres Megalodon the Revenge Part 1
you must watch !!

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hello, here's another little raptor shot. sound by @thegahbe #dino #dinosaur #prehistoric #raptor

hello here's another clip of the spino babies the full animation will be up soon 👍 🙂 thanks for looking 👍👍 #digital #dinosaur #spinosaurus

x❤🦖#spinosaurus #dinosaur #CretaceousAdventure #jurassicworld #CretaceousKing

❤🦖

❤🦖 #spinosaurus #jurassicworld #dinosaur #CretaceousKing #CretaceousAdventure

hello here's part 1

hello here's part 1 #Carcharodontosaurus #dinosaur #jurassicworld #spinosaurus

#CretaceousKing #JurassicMagic #DinoRoyalty #CretaceousEra #PrehistoricPredator #CretaceousAdventure #AncientPre

Iguanacolossus was a large, robust iguanodontid, probably reaching 9 m (30 ft) long that lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous period..#dino #spinosaurus #dinosaurs #dinosaurshort #dinosaurshort