01/17/2026
On this day, 17 January 1893, a coup d'état took place in Hawai’i, organised by the United States.
The background to the coup was in the changing economy. Hawai’i’s traditional, Indigenous ways of life came into conflict with the growing capitalist sugar industry, through which a few white, landowning families from the US and Europe effectively gained control of the economy. Only wealthy landowners could vote, and so they could effectively pull the strings of Native monarchs.
However, after Queen Liliʻuokalani ascended to the throne, she proposed a new constitution, which would abolish the high property requirement for voting, and only enable Hawaiian citizens to vote.
Members of Liliʻuokalani’s cabinet leaked the plan to the US minister to Hawai'i, John Stevens, and together they plotted to overthrow her and enable a complete US takeover.
A group of 13 white men, 11 of whom were capitalist business owners, formed a “Committee of Safety” to take over the country. On January 16, they summoned US marines and sailors who arrived that afternoon.
The following day, they forced Queen Liliʻuokalani to give up the throne, in a coup which was largely bloodless, although one plotter shot and wounded a Hawaiian police officer. A republic was briefly declared, and the island was annexed by the US five years later: the first of many overseas imperialist conquests by the nation.
Before annexation, Hawai'i had free, universal healthcare and education. The US took over the education system and used it to try to eradicate the Hawaiian language, culture and identity.
From being spoken by a majority of the population, Hawaiian declined to have only a few dozen speakers in the 1980s.
The US also abolished free healthcare. Today, Native Hawaiians still have the poorest health outcomes of all groups in Hawai’i.
Since the 1970s, there has been a resurgence of Native Hawaiian activism, culture, and resistance to colonialism which continues today.
More information, sources and map: https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/8879/us-organised-coup-in-hawaii