11/26/2023
The Nature Corner
Article & photo by Richard Becker
The other day Carol and I were working in the yard trying to get ready for winter. We were greeted by our local group of birds which consists of chickadees, nuthatches, and a few woodpeckers. As we were walking down toward the lake we both noticed some movement in the trees above us. As we looked up we were amazed by a large flock of small birds landing in the treetops. Carol mentioned that the best way to describe what we were seeing was that it looked like a “tornado” of birds. There were close to 100 birds in this flock and they moved up and down in the tree as if they were one. A small, about sparrow or smaller size, finch. This bird is a little bit slenderer than most finches. Brown and streaky with a hint of yellow on the edge of it’s wings and tail. This yellow is more apparent when the bird takes flight. A sharp pointed beak and short notched tail round out this finch’s appearance. In the morning when Carol steps out the door to place the seed for the day she is greeted by “zzshrreee” which is the call of this bird.
This month we are going to take a closer look at the Pine Siskin. The pine siskin is a member of the finch family and they range far and wide on our continent. Its goal in their search is to find the best winter crop of seeds. Their movements are hard to track as one year they may move north to south and other years find them moving east to west. This search for seed may have an impact on their breeding range. If they find an abundant source of food they may choose to stay in the area and breed.
Pine Siskin are normally found in open coniferous or mixed forests, but have found suburban woodlands, cemeteries, and parks suitable to their needs.
As their name implies, Pine Siskin have a fondness for the seeds of pines and other conifers such as cedars, hemlocks, and spruce. Their food source may also include the young buds of willow, elm, and maple trees. As far as drawing them to our backyard feeders, they enjoy thistle seed and black oil sunflower seed. When it comes to them eating sunflower seeds, they will follow some of the heavier-billed birds and dine on the scraps left behind. They may also be drawn to suet although this is not one of their favorite foods. The male’s courtship display may start when they are still in their winter flocks. If successful, the pair will bond and stay together into the nesting season. The male will display by flying in circles over the female’s head, while spreading its tail and wings. He may even throw in a bit of singing and present the female with a bit of food. I have noticed while doing research on birds, that a way to a female bird’s heart may be through her stomach.
The female pine siskin builds its shallow nest of twigs, grasses, leaves, w**d stems, rootlets, bark strips, and lichens. The male, who stays close by may also contribute nest material. The female then lines the nest with fur, feathers, grass, moss, or thistle down. The nest is placed toward the end of a horizontal branch, in the middle heights of a conifer. The placement of the nest aides in it’s concealment. The female then lays 3-5 pale greenish-blue eggs with brown spotting. The female spends most of her time on the nest, where she is fed by the male. After about 13 days the eggs hatch and the male brings food to the nest for both the female and young. As time goes on both parents feed the nestlings, until the young leave the nest in 14-15 days. Cold nights are no problem for the pine siskin. They can ramp up their metabolic rate to 40% higher than a “normal” songbird of their size. If the temperature drops to -80 degrees or colder they may accelerate that rate to five times normal for several hours. These birds also have the ability to put on half again as much body weight as their close relatives, the Redpoll or goldfinch. As mentioned earlier, the female never leaves the well insulated nest which aids her in keeping the eggs warm. A third attribute used by these birds is they can temporarily store seeds in their crop, totaling 10% of their body mass. This additional food provides enough energy to get them through 5-6 nighttime hours of subzero temperatures.
Local woodpeckers, chickadees, and nuthatches round out our visitors.
A nomadic finch….
looking for small seeds to eat….watching Pine Siskins….
C. Becker
As always, any questions or
sightings, Rich Becker
PO Box 365 Mellen or
[email protected]