05/06/2020
Continued...(Part 2)
About 5 years ago, Dr. Dickerson, whose mother is an Alaska Native from the Inupiaq indigenous group, devised a plan with a substance abuse counselor to create a drum-assisted therapy program for American Indians/Alaska Natives. With a research grant from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, a division of the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Dickerson and his colleagues conducted six focus groups and enrolled five men and five women in a program that incorporated drumming activities within a culturally relevant format that took place during 3-hour treatment sessions twice per week for 12 weeks. During the first session, the study participants built a powwow drum they used as the focus of their treatment.
"For Native Americans, the drum is a very sacred instrument," explained Dr. Dickerson, also an assistant research psychiatrist at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA. "It symbolizes what many Native Americans describe as being the heartbeat of Mother Earth, so to speak. The songs that are sung with drumming often have a sacred component relating to their ancestry, stories, and traditions.
"So when they make the drum, they have the opportunity to learn about the purposes and history of the tribal traditions in drumming. When they make the drum, they feel like they have a sense of ownership in their own recovery process."
Participants in the UCLA open trial ranged from 19 to 67 years of age and underwent assessments at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, including urine drug screens and breathalyzer tests, and the Addiction Severity Index, Native American version, to assess mental health and psychosocial characteristics. By the end of the trial, all study participants demonstrated significant improvements in the ASI psychological and medical composite scores, and in fatigue and spirituality, as measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)–Fatigue (version 4) and the FACIT–Spiritual Questions Only–Expanded.
"I was surprised we had statistical significance with such a small sample size," Dr. Dickerson said. "It’s promising, and we would anticipate good results in a larger trial as well."
When the treatment sessions ended, many of the study participants expressed favorable impressions of the program. "A lot of American Indians and Alaska Natives have had limited opportunities to participate in their own cultural healing activities," Dr. Dickerson said. "The program participants said they felt a real connection with their culture and felt that really helped them with their recovery process. We had people say it helped them with their stress, with feeling less depressed, and feeling more spiritual.