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From 1992 to 2012, depopulation was observed in Kharkiv. For 20 years, the population has decreased by 168 thousand people (from 1621.6 thousand in January 1992 to 1441.3 thousand in October 2012). In 2012, the population of Kharkov increased by 10 thousand people[56], as of January 1, 2013, its number was 1 million 451 thousand[57], which is 10 thousand more than in the same period in 2012 (1 million 441 thousand .[58]). Population growth was due to migration growth, which in 2012 amounted to 13,579 people[59]. In 2012, Kharkiv, both in terms of migration and overall population growth, took second place, losing only to Kyiv[60]. According to the Regional Department of Statistics, on January 1, 2014, 1451.1 thousand people of the present population lived in Kharkiv, as of January 1, 2015 - 1452.9 thousand people of the present population and 1433.3 thousand permanent residents[61], per 1 January 2016 - 1,449.7 thousand people of the present population and 1,430.2 thousand permanent residents[62], as of January 1, 2017 - 1,439.0 thousand people of the present population[63], as of January 1, 2018 1,450.1 thousand people of the present population

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The ethnic composition of the city's population has undergone significant changes over the century, as forced industrialization, collectivization, the famine of 1932-1933. and repression intensified urbanization processes. According to the 1897 census, the proportion of citizens whose native language was Little Russian (Ukrainian) was 25.9%, Great Russian (Russian) - 63.2%, Jewish (Yiddish) - 5.7%. According to the 1939 census, there were 48.5% Ukrainians in Kharkov, 29.7% Russians, and 15.6% Jews. According to the 1989 census, the share of Ukrainians was 50.38%; and according to the 2001 census, the share of Ukrainians was 60.99%, Russians - 34.2%, Jews - 0.8%[54][55]. The city traditionally had a large Jewish community, which was practically destroyed during the occupation years of 1941-1943, revived after the war and greatly decreased after the emigration of the 1980-1990s.

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According to the 2001 census, the population of the city was 1,470,902 people of the actual population and 1,449,871 permanent residents[49][50], as of January 1, 2019, it was 1,446,107 people of the actual population and 1,426,540 permanent residents[ 51]. The population peaked in the early 1990s, with 1,623,000 people living in the city in 1991[52].
The city ranks second in Ukraine in terms of population. Kharkiv is a multinational city: representatives of 111 nationalities live here

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The city is located in the extreme south of the Central Russian Upland. The rivers Kharkiv, Lopan, Udy, Nemyshlya, Alekseevka, Sarzhinka, Ocheretyanka, Roganka, Studenok flow within the city. The average height of the city above sea level is 135 m. The highest point within the village of Pyatikhatki has a height of 205.3 m, the lowest within the village of Zhikhar is 94 m. This is due to the relatively uneven relief of the city, located on five hills.

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The city is located in the north-eastern part of Ukraine on the border of two landscape zones - forest-steppe and steppe. On its territory, the Kharkov River flows into the Lopan River, which then flows into the Udy River, a tributary of the Seversky Donets. The territory of the city is a hilly plain cut by river valleys, gullies and ravines. The height above sea level ranges from 94 to 205.3 m. Most of the urban area (about 55% of the total area according to 1984 data) is made up of elevated areas with elevations of 105–192 m.

11/07/2022

Kharkivtsy is an ethnonym, the name and self-name of the inhabitants of the city of Kharkov and the Kharkov region, from the middle of the 17th century[27]:10 to the middle of the 20th century[28] dominating both in colloquial speech and in literature. After the establishment of Soviet power and the implementation of the Ukrainization policy on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR, instead of the name "Kharkovtsy", the name "Kharkovites" began to dominate.

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Various dates for the founding of the modern city on the site of the ancient Kharkov settlement[26] are proposed - from 1630 to 1655. In the 18th century, a certain mythical Cossack of the 16th - early 17th centuries (or even the 18th century) Kharko was considered the founder of the city. However, already in the 19th century, the version about the founding of the city by the Cossack Kharko was rejected as unfounded, since the Kharkov River is indicated in the Book of the Great Drawing, that is, before the founding of the city.

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He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1970) and the October Revolution (1983), as well as awards from the Council of Europe (2003-2010)[22]. In 2013, the Kharkiv city council awarded the city the title of “city of military glory”[23].
He has a full set of awards of the Council of Europe: Diploma (2003), Honorary Flag (2004), Table of Europe (2008) and Prize of Europe (2010)[24].
In 2012, it was one of the four cities in Ukraine that hosted the 2012 European Football Championship.

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The city has 142 research institutes[14][15], 45 higher educational institutions, including Kharkiv University, which is in the top 500 universities in the world and the Polytechnic Institute, which is in the top 1000[16]; 16 museums[17], city art gallery[18], 6 state theaters[18], 80 libraries[18].
In the USSR, it was the largest center of tank, tractor, turbine building[19] and the third largest industrial, scientific and transport center[20]. In the second half of the 20th century, it was the main transport hub of Eastern Europe

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Kharkiv (ukr. Kharkiv) is the second most populous city in Ukraine, an important industrial and scientific center of the country, the center of the Kharkiv region, the Kharkiv region and the Kharkiv urban community. From March 6, 2022 Hero City of Ukraine.
The modern city was founded by decree of the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1654 on the site of an ancient settlement, sometimes identified as the 11th-century Polovtsian city of Sharukan or the 5th-century Hunnic city of Kharka[12][13]. From 1660 to 1665 the administrative center of the Sloboda Cossack regiments, from December 1917 to January 1918 the capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets, in February - March 1918 the capital of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, in March - June 1919 and from December 19, 1919 June 24, 1934 - the capital of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic.

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