17/12/2016
was born on January 26, 1918. He met future Romanian leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej in prison, and succeeded him after his death in 1965. He ruled Romania according to orthodox Communist principles, causing food shortages by forcing the export of most of the country's agricultural products. The resulting unrest led to the collapse of Ceausescu's regime and his ex*****on in 1989.
In 1944, with the Axis powers starting to lose ground, followed by the Soviet invasion of Romania, Ceausescu escaped from prison. Within a year, as Romania fell under Communist rule, the young leader began his climb to power.
By 1945, Ceausescu was made brigadier general in the Romanian Army. Over the next two decades, with his old friend, Gheorghiu-Dej—having claimed power as the country's top ruler—Ceausescu took on an increasingly prominent role in the country's government and Communist party. In 1955, he was made a full-time member of the Politburo, and was soon managing the party's organization structure and cadres. Just before Gheorghiu-Dej died of cancer in 1965, he tapped Ceausescu as his successor.
As Romania's supreme ruler, Ceausescu sought closer ties to the West. He welcomed newly elected President Richard Nixon in 1969 and traveled extensively. He also fostered more agricultural and industrial development, and tried to foster a better relationship with China.
But his grand endeavors to help his country's domestic situation, hurt more than helped Romania's people. Brought on by Ceausescu's ambitious building projects of the 1970s, the country faced severe debt levels in the 1980s. Ceausescu managed to cut the deficit in half, but in doing so, plunged his country's standard of living to levels that put the country near the bottom of Europe.
Presiding with his wife Elena, whom he tapped as deputy prime minister, Ceausescu turned his back on Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev and his calls for broad economic reform, and instead voiced his preference for traditional central planning. Shortly before losing power, Ceausescu caused panic throughout the country when he threatened to bulldoze rural settlements of less than 2,000 people so that large agro-industrial centers could be constructed. His domestic rule also included surveillance of his citizens and violent reprisal against any dissent.
As Romania's standard of living failed to improve, Ceausescu's grip on power started to weaken. In November 1987, in a scene that would have been unthinkable just a few years before, thousands of workers stormed the Communist Party headquarters in Brasov. Records were destroyed, as was a grand portrait of Ceausescu.
Finally, in December of 1989, a popular revolt, aided by the army, pushed the Ceausescu from power and into the courtroom. As Romania wrestled with violence, the country's new leaders wanted to show the population that it no longer needed to worry about the Ceausescu.
On December 25, in a show trial that lasted less than an hour, the couple was charged with genocide and other crimes. Shortly after their conviction, the Ceausescus were led outside and executed by a firing squad. The two were buried at the Ghencea Cemetery in Bucharest.