07/04/2023
[Triggered Warning: Graphic Content]
Location: Tarlac City
Hooded Penitent
Holy Week in the Philippines usually features flagellants making their way down a country road, while flogging themselves, an enactment of the Lord’s passion. Flagellant processions began in Europe, spread to Spain, and reached our shores in the 17th century.
Though starkly different, these Lenten practices, introduced by Spain in the days of colonization, have become deeply seated in our culture and originally stemmed from a single purpose—as acts of penitence and punishments, or penitensya, meted out by the church for clergy and laity alike. Other examples of Church-imposed religious penance included fasting, tears of contrition, self-mortification, and flagellation. From the pasyon to the senakulo, these have become Holy Week traditions.
Holy Week traditions in the Philippines have a long history far ahead of the Spanish colonization. The earliest documented flagellant processions in Europe occurred in Italy around 1260-1261. These were believed to be associated with the intensely dramatic sermons of the Franciscan preacher from Perugia, Fra Rainerio Frasani.
Flagellant movements spread throughout Europe in the 14th century, thanks to organized religious cofradias (confraternities), and processions were observed in France, Germany, Austria, and the Low Countries. During the medieval period, these processions were timed directly with periods of social stress, such as plagues, drought, and war.
As early as the 4th century, the Bishop of Barcelona, San Paciano (d. 392), advocated public self-mortification and self-flogging as a form of penance, preferably during Semana Santa. Thus, when Spain expanded its frontiers to include Latin America and the Pacific, its missionaries, particularly the Jesuits and Franciscans, introduced what would eventually become Holy Week traditions in the Philippines. They readily embraced the bloody rituals as part of the new religion and as a way of purification beginning in the 17th century.
By participating in His pain, “flagelantes” believe they are a comforting the Lord Jesus, thus capturing this spirit of oneness, in pain and sorrow. Here, flagellants enter a makeshift visita or chapel to pause for prayers.
Source: https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/holy-week-traditions-in-the-philippines-a2289-20190415-lfrm3