12/03/2024
Abu Abdallah, Al-Khawaarizmi
Muhammad bn Musa al-Khwarizmi (Da larabci : محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي) wanda aka fi sani da al-Khwarizmi, wani masanin ilmin lissafi na Farisa ne wanda ya samar da ayyuka da larabci masu matukar tasiri a fannin lissafi., ilmin taurari, da kuma labarin kasa. An nada shi a matsayin masanin falaki kuma shugaban gidan hikima a birnin Bagadaza a wajajen shekara ta 820 miladiyya.
Al-Tabari yana kiran sunansa da Muḥammad ibn Musa al-Khwārizmī al- Majūsī al-Quṭrubbulli ( محمد بن موسى الخوارزميّ المجوسـيّ القطربّـليّ ). Alamar al-Qutrubbulli wannan na iya nuni da watakila ya fito daga Qutrubbul (Qatrabbul), kusa da Bagadaza. Sai dai Roshdi Rashed ya musanta haka.
Abu Abdallah, Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khawaarizmi, wanda ya assasa fannin lissafin da a Turancin yau ake kira Algebra, da Trigonometry, da kuma Algorithm.
An haifi Imam Al-Khawaarizmi ne cikin shekarar 780 miladiyya, a garin Khawaarizm (ko Khiva) da ke Lardin Khuraasan a wancan lokaci, watau Lardin Xorazm kenan da ke kasar Uzbekistan a yau. Imam Abu Rayhaan al-Birooni, daya daga cikin manyan malaman tarihi da ilmin musulunci a wancan karni ya ce asalin zuriyarsu Al-Khawaarizmi 'yan kabilar Fasha ne.
Imam Abu Ja'afar Al-Tabari kuma ya ce dan asalin Lardin Qatrabbul ne, kusa da birnin Bagadaza na kasar Iraki a yau. A takaice dai galibin marubuta sun nuna cewa ayyuka da hidimar da Imam Al-Khawaarizmi yayi wa ilmi sun fi nasabarsa shahara a duniya. A nashi bangaren, Imam Ibn Nadeem a cikin littafinsa mai suna Kitaabul Fihrisah, ya kawo takaitaccen tarihin Imam Al-Khawaarizmi, inda ya kididdige littattafan da ya rubuta, da kuma cewa ya rubuta su ne tsakanin shekarar 813 – 833 miladiyya.
Ya yi hijira zuwa birnin Bagadaza, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken ilmi a babbar cibiyar ilmi da ke daular musulunci ta Bagadaza a wancan lokaci da ake kira Daarul Hikmah, karkashin Khalifah Ma'amoon. A nan ne ya yi bincike kan fannin kimiyya, da lissafi tsantsa, musamman kan rubuce-rubucen kimiyya da a baya aka rubuta cikin harshen Girka, da Sanskirit.
Babbar hidimar da Imam Al-Khawaarizmi ya yi wa fannin kimiyya shi ne kan lissafi (Mathematics & Arithmetics), da ilmin sararin samaniya (Astronomy). Dukkan masana fannin lissafi da ke kasashen Turai na karnin baya da na yanzu sun yi ikirari da cewa shi ne asalin wanda ya samar tare da inganta fannin ka'idar lissafi kan "ragewa da daidaito", ko Aljabru wal Muqaabala, a harshen Larabci, ko Algebra a Turance, da dukkan nau'ukanta – irinsu Trigonometry, da Linear Equation, da kuma Quadratic Equations.
Hakan na taskance ne cikin shahararren littafinsa mai suna Al-Kitaabul Mukhtasar fee Hisaabil Jabr wal Muqaabalah. Khalifah Ma'amoon ne ya zaburar da shi wajen rubuta wannan littafi.
Robert da Gerard sun fassara littafin zuwa harshen Latin. A halin yanzu akwai kwafin littafin, wanda ya rubuta da larabci, a Jami'ar Oxford. Wannan fannin ilmin lissafi ne ya samar da asalin ilmin tsarin yadda kwamfuta ke lissafi, da yadda take iya kurumtar da bayanai (Cryptography) da kuma yadda ake tsara hanyoyin gina masarrafar kwamfuta, watau Computer Algorithm. Ya kuma yi bayanin hanyoyin da fannin lissafi ke taimakawa wajen kasuwanci da kuma tsarin rabon gado, duk ta wannan fanni na "Ragewa da Daidaito", watau Algebra.
Daga cikin hidimarsa har wa yau akwai littafin da ya rubuta mai dauke da lissafin tazarar da ke tsakanin halittun sararin samaniya, irin Rana, da Wata a yayin da suke juyawa ko shawagi. A cikin wannan littafi mai dauke da babi talatin da bakwai har wa yau, ya kididdige jadawalolin da ke dauke da wannan lissafi watau Astronomical Tables.
Ya yi nazarin asalin wannan littafi ne daga nau'ukan ilmin sararin samaniya da aka rubuta cikin harshen Hindu na kasar Indiya. Masana sun fahimci hakan ne daga sunan da ya baiwa littafin bayan ya rubuta, watau: Zinjul Sindhind.
A cikin wannan littafi har wa yau ya yi bayanin yadda duniyoyi biyar da aka gano a wancan lokaci (watau The Five Planetary Bodies) suke juyawa. Bayan haka, akwai littafi da ya rubuta mai suna Kitaabu Sooratil Ard, a fannin ilmin kasa (Geography). Wannan littafi yana dauke ne da yadda duniya take, da abubuwan da ke cikinta ko samanta na teku da rafuka da sauransu.
A cikin littafin ya yi bayanin tazarar nisar duniya a kwance (Latitude) da kuma tazarar nisanta a tsaye (Longitude), da yadda tsarin rani da damina ke kasancewa. Bayan haka, ya samar da babbar Taswirar Duniya, watau Global Map, wanda har yanzu ake amfani da shi (watau taswirar duniya mai k**ar kwallo).
Al-Khwarizmi duban taurari da lissafinsa ya taimaka wajen daidaita kalandar hasken rana kuma ya ba da gudummawa wajen samar da ingantattun na'urorin kiyaye lokaci.
Teburan ilimin taurari na Al-Khwarizmi su ma sun yi tasiri ga masanan taurari na Turai kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fassara da watsa ilimin kimiyya a tsakiyar zamanai.
Gudunmawar da Al-Khwarizmi ya bayar a fannin ilmin lissafi da ilmin taurari sun taka rawar gani wajen ciyar da ilimin kimiyyar Zamanin Zinare na Musulunci, wanda ya yi tasiri matuka wajen bunkasar ilmin lissafi da kimiyya a kasashen Turai.
A ciki ya haddade fadi da tsawon manyan tekunan duniya, ya kuma gano wasu, ta hanyar ilmin gano bigiren kasa ta hanyar lissafi. Har wa yau akwai kwamiti na musamman da Khalifah Ma'amoon ya kafa mai dauke da masana kimiyyar sararin samaniya guda 70, Imam Al-Kawaarizmi ne ya shugabanci wannan kwamiti.
Wannan ke nuna kwarewarsa, da kuma tasirin ilminsa a zamanin da yake raye.
Allah ya karbi rayuwarsa a shekarar 850 miladiyya, shekaru kusan 1213 kenan; yana dan shekaru 70 a duniya.
Saliadeen Muhammad Sicey.
