![Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [saˈbah]) is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo. Sabah has land b...](https://img3.medioq.com/338/571/1154100373385718.jpg)
01/01/2025
Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [saˈbah]) is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's Kalimantan region to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off the Sabah coast. Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital city, the economic centre of the state and the seat of the Sabah state government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. As of the 2015 census in Malaysia, the state's population is 3,543,500.
Sabah has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which form part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah and Mount Kinabalu is the highest point of Sabah as well as of Malaysia.
沙巴（馬來語：Sabah），简称「沙州」，旧名「北婆羅洲」，位於婆羅洲島北部，是馬來西亞的13州属之一，也是马来西亚境內第二大州，僅次於其西南方的砂拉越，而其南面則与印度尼西亚的北加里曼丹省相接壤。
自1881年起，北婆羅洲一直被大英帝國所統治。直到1963年8月31日，北婆羅洲被英國予以自治地位，同時改名為「沙巴」（Sabah），但並未從法律上獲得正式獨立，其國防、外交、財政、內政等事務仍由英國政府所掌管。
1963年9月16日和砂拉越、马来亚联合邦及新加坡共同组成聯邦国家，成立马来西亚。在成立马来西亚之前，沙巴和砂拉越、新加坡一样，皆是英属自治邦，根据成立协议沙巴在一定程度上具有行政自治权，如移民政策自主权。
沙巴享有风下之地（Land Below The Wind）或是风下之乡之美誉，原因是沙巴的位置在飽受台风肆虐的菲律宾之南，但台风不会经过这里。沙巴首府為亞庇，前名為（Jesselton）。其他主要城镇有山打根、斗湖、根地咬、保佛、古达、仙本那、拿笃、斗亚兰、吧巴、实必丹、丹南、兰瑙、古打毛律、哥打马鲁都等。纳闽在1984年由哈里士领导的人民党组成的沙巴政府交给了联邦政府，现为联邦直辖区，也是大马的唯一的岸外金融中心。
沙巴人分为三大民族：华人、卡达山人和巴瑶人，分別使用華語、英语、卡达山话和马来语，随着大量外籍人士涌入使沙巴华人只剩一至两成。
