Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences, Department of Biology School of Arts and Sciences, National University Of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar (2024)

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Department Of Biology School Of Arts And Sciences, National University Of Mongolia

20/02/2023

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Morphological and Genetic Assessment of Sympatric Lenok Species (Brachymystax spp.) in the Onon River, Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2023.21.01

Abstract
The genus Brachymystax is represented by three putative species that disjointedly inhabit the major river basins of central and northeast Eurasia. Brachymystax lenok and B. tumensis have been regularly misidentified throughout their range, including across sympatric populations in the upper Onon River of Mongolia. This research has focused on Mongolia’s understudied lenok populations by conducting detailed morphometric measurements and genetic analyses to confirm key metrics for accurately distinguishing between these cryptic species. While there are slight differences in colouration and patterns including size and density of their defining black spots, four key metrics were found to be significantly different between the species including gill rakers counts, snout length, lateral line scale counts and body depth. Brachymystax tumensis was also typically heavier than B. lenok at the same length. These results were supported by genetic analyses which clustered the two species into separate clades and displayed unique haplotypes for the Mongolian populations. Initial investigations of diets and g***d maturation indicated an ecological and spatial separation of these sympatric species. The current study is important for these recreationally targeted species which require further research and species-specific management measures to ensure their threatened populations are conserved in Mongolia for the future.

19/02/2023

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "The Effects of Livestock Grazing on Soil Water Content in a Wetland of Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2023.21.02

Abstract
Wetlands are critical ecosystems for supporting biodiversity and regulating climate. Over the past century, it has been degraded significantly due to both climatic and human activities. In Mongolia, livestock grazing has drastic impact on this ecosystem. In this study, we seek to understand the effects of grazing on soil water content (SWC) and moisture by contrasting grazed and non-grazed area in a wetland in north-eastern Mongolia. We found that water infiltration was five times lower in grazed area than that of non-grazed area. Soil water content was higher and stable near soil surface (5 cm soil depth) throughout the growing season in grazed area, while it was lower and sensitive to rainfall events in non-grazed area. Also, soil moisture derived from electric resistivity measurement data supports our results of higher SWC in grazed area, relative to non-grazed area, suggesting that a reduction in infiltration is likely due to soil compaction associated with grazing activities.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "The Relationships Between Breeding Success and Nest Site Selection of Passeriformes in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.15

Abstract
We monitored 73 nests of six passerines, such as Rock sparrow (Petronia petronia), Mongolian finch (Bucanetes mongolica), Horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), Northern wheatear (Eremophila alpestris), Isabelline wheatear (Oenanthe isabellina), and Pied wheatear (Oenanthe pleschanka) in Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia during 2017-2018. Overarching goal of this study was to model nest site selection and nesting success of six species in relation to environmental and human associated variables. We found the birds preferred areas with rough terrain and human presence (however, the effect of human disturbance was not significant) to build nests, but they tended to avoid areas closer to surface waters. The relative importance of the terrain roughness variable was greatest (~ 63%) to explain varitations in the models determining nest site selections, followed by distance to water (21%) and human disturbance (15%). Further, the nest diamater was only variable that significantly influence the nest success, among five covariates were considered. Our results indicate the nest site selection and reproduction success of the six passerine species is driven mostly by environmental covariates.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Paxillus ammoniavirescens from India", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.16

Abstract
In the present communication, Paxillus ammoiavirescens belonging to the family Paxillaceae is described from the Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh, India. It was found in association with Populus alba and is characterized by orange to greyish orange basidiomes, reddish-brown spore print with greenish-grey tinge, and the green reaction of pileus surface with ammonia solution. Paxillus ammoniavirescens is presented here as a new record for the Indian mycota and its identity is based on detailed morphology, anatomy, and nrITS based phylogeny.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Morphological and Habitat Characteristics of Prasiola fluviatilis (Chlorophyta, Prasiolales, Trebouxiophyceae) from the Mongolian Altai Mountains", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.14

Abstract
This paper confirms the presence of Prasiola fluviatilis from the Mongolian Altai and documents some previously undescribed morphological features, such as a screw-shaped stipes anchored in the mucilage pads strongly adherent to the substrate; and vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction structures. Besides these characteristic, the sporadic occurrence of green patches of algal colonies on the immobile stones along the glacial stream but not in the main channel togetherwith cyanobacterial filaments could indicate its desiccation, freeze-thaw cycle, flooding and nutrient limitation adaptations and capacity to recover after the stresses.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Distribution of Vascular Plants in Mongolia – II Part", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.13

Abstract
In the second part of our series of works, we selected 50 native vascular plant taxa from 44 genera and 24 families. The selected 49 species and one subspecies belong to the genera Acanthophyllum C.A.Mey., Aegopodium L., Anabasis L., Anemone L., Antennaria Gaern., Aquilegia L., Armeria (DC.) Willd., Astragalus L., Atriplex L., Camphorosma L., Caragana Lam., Cardamine L., Chamaerhodos Bunge, Chesniella Boriss., Cicerbita Wallr., Crucihimalaya Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & R.A.Price, Dracocephalum L. Delphinium Tourn., Galium L., Gentiana Tourn., Geum L., Glaucium Mill., Gypsophila L., Halocnemum M.Bieb., Incarvillea Juss., Iris Tourn., Lagochilus Bunge, Leiospora (C.A.Mey) F.Dvorak, Leonurus L., Limonium Mill., Lysimachia Tourn., Micranthes Haw., Pedicularis L., Phlomoides Moench, Phlox L., Rhododendron L., Rosa L., Sajanella Sojak, Saposhnikovia Schischk., Saussurea Salisb., Scirpus Tourn., Stellaria L., Stenosolenium Turcz., Tofieldia Huds., and Typha L. The majority of species is found in Asian countries. Data on endemism, global and regional distribution, natural habitat, and conservation status of each species are provided.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Intraspecific Differences of Section on Root Head of Siler (Saposhnikovia divariacata (Turcz.) Schischkin) in Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.12

Abstract
The present study reveals intraspecific differences in root head sections of Saposhnikovia divaricata, and explains controlling factors. Root head sections have been divided into three categories, and these were compared to factors of geography, climate, fire and human activities. The category clearly distinct section was predominantly recorded in Dornod and Selenge-Tuv-Arkhangai provinces but it showed lower frequency in Khentii and Sukhbaatar. With respect to administrative province, it was more common in Bayan-Uul, Sergelen, Dashbalbar and Tsagaan-Ovoo sites, Dornod province; in Dadal, Norovlin and Bayan-Khutag sites, Khentii province and Shaamar, Zuunduren and Altanbulag, Selenge province. The frequency of that category increased with more droughts during early summer and over lower aridity index and in pasturelands. It was higher on wild roots of S. divaricata than in cultivated ones. The frequency of category poorly recognized section was higher in Zuunkharaa, Nomgon and Siakhan sites, Selenge province while that of the category not-sectioned root head was higher on cultivated roots. The results of our study suggest that frequency of clearly distinct section on root head decreased by coldness, strong fire frequency, trampling and/or gathering and cultivation.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Short-term Effects of Thinning on the Growth and Stand Characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Plantations in Northern Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.11

Abstract
We studied the effects of thinning on the tree growth and stand characteristics of pine plantations (Pinus sylvestris) in northern Mongolia. The study sites are located in the Tujiin Nars area, where 18- and 20-year-old plantations were thinned in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In each site, three plots in thinned and an unthinned (control) plot were established to examine changes in growth and stand characteristics. Thinning induced an increase of the tree diameter increment, and it was strongly correlated with annual precipitation and year of planting at all sites. The effects of thinning on the tree height growth were insignificant. Crown morphology differed significantly between thinned and unthinned stands; thinning increased crown diameter and crown projection area, but mean crown length and crown form index were higher in unthinned stands.

25/12/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Human disturbance influences occupancy of red deer in Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.10

Abstract
Human activity impacts wildlife by influencing patterns of occurrence, often in negative ways, which creates conservation challenges. In Mongolia, the red deer (Cervus elaphus sibiricus) experienced widespread declines after socialism under
the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, and is now considered Critically Endangered. We examined the effects of landscape variables on the distribution of red deer in the Horidol-Saridag Strictly Protected Area. We used camera trap data
and a model selection approach to evaluate support for 25 hypotheses describing red deer occupancy and detection probability. The top-ranking model included the effect of distance from the nearest town, which positively influenced red deer occupancy. Other landscape variables such as habitat, elevation, and date had no meaningful effect on occupancy. Detection probability was modeled as a function of habitat, suggesting that high foliage areas had a negative effect on detection. Results indicate that human activity may negatively affect red deer and influences their distribution on the landscape. Red deer occupancy was highest in the protected area, where human activity is minimal. Increased human presence in and around the park have the potential to affect red deer distributions in the future, which could lead to population declines.

22/05/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Assessment of Drought Severity in Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve Using Satellite Derived Drought Indices", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.05

Abstract
Mongolia has experienced several extreme climate events during the past decades, including severe extreme droughts. The issue of drought is of paramount significance in our country of nomadic culture and nomadic pastoralism. The eighteen years (2001-2018) MODIS satellite indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) data were analyzed for Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve. The Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI), combines information from both the NDVI and NDWI. During the summer, the average values of NDVI and NDWI were consistently lower under drought conditions (NDVI 0.4). NDVI values exhibited a quicker response to drought conditions than NDWI.

13/05/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Rare and Charismatic Species of Insects in Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve, Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.04

Abstract
Grassland insects face some of the most severe declines in species diversity and total abundance, in part due to agriculture. Livestock grazing is the largest agricultural land use in Mongolia that can have both positive and negative effects on insect
communities. Here, we provide an assessment of rare and charismatic insects that can serve as a baseline for monitoring future population changes of selected species
in the nature reserve. A total of 20 species were chosen including three species of dragonflies/damselflies (Odonata), two species of grasshoppers (Orthoptera), one species of true bug (Hemiptera), one species of lacewing (Neuroptera), nine species
of beetles (Coleoptera), one species of ant (Hymenoptera), and three species of butterflies (Lepidoptera), and we discussed the future conservation issues in this nature reserve, where protection of existing habitat should be the primary goal for insect conservation.

03/03/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Plant Phylogeny Posters – Useful Digital Teaching Tools for Botanical Education", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.07

Abstract
Visual documentation and presentation are essential for botanical education. Wallcharts and posters depicting plant structures and evolutionary relationships as phylogenetic trees have served as essential tools in teaching. With the advancement of digital technologies, new approaches to a traditional concept have become feasible. The Plant Phylogeny Poster project is a collaborative initiative providing clear and concise overviews of orders, families and genera of various groups of plants. The global project now involves around 150 botanists from all around the world with currently 400 posters in 35 languages (as of March 2022). All posters are freely available online and regularly updated, providing an extensive portfolio of versatile new teaching resources for educators.

03/03/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Seedling Performance of Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim)", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.06

Abstract

The Mongolian almond (Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker) is an endangered plant species that distributes in Mongolia’s semi-desert ecosystems. Conservation issues of the ecosystems and their key species have been significantly raised recently due to environmental degradation occurring for the last decades. This study tested the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the tolerance of A. mongolica seedlings’ performance. The seedlings were inoculated with two kinds of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and treated under artificial drought. Under normal conditions, inoculation of AMF significantly increased the biomass of A. mongolica and promoted the growth of the seedlings’ root system, but had no significant effect on the leaf area and other organs. When the seedlings were under drought stress, AMF significantly extended the wilting time of leaves and affected the root-shoot ratio as well as leaf abscission.

03/03/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Changes in Plant Communities and Soil Properties Mediated by Grazing in Semi-desert of Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.05

Abstract
Recent increases in livestock numbers throughout Mongolia could alter plant communities, soils of habitats differed by landscape position. We aimed to determine the impact of large herbivore grazing on some soil properties and plant communities’ richness and of the four different habitats within the Ikh Nart Nature Reserve. The highest plant species richness and evenness was observed around the rocky outcrop habitats, followed by shrublands, then the spring, and finally by the well habitat. Soils at habitats around and close to water points are compacted and have lower organic matters compared to the less grazed habitats. The data indicates that the highest overlap between livestock and wild ungulates occurs near spring habitats, which increases vulnerability to local land degradation. Therefore, the study results suggest that appropriate land-use management is required in the semi-desert regions across Mongolia. There is a necessity to initiate an extensive grazing ecological management that reflects the sustainable grazing of large herbivores, the benefits to herder households, and the ecosystem’s service.

25/02/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Air Pollution Tolerance Indices of Selected Plants around Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.04

Abstract
This study examined the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of six plant species (two trees and four herbs) from Ulaanbaatar city (polluted site) and unpolluted area (control site). APTI values for Orostachys spinosa (L.) C. A. Mey., Larix sibirica Ldb., Picea obovate Ldb., Plantago depressa Willd., Chenopodium album L., and Taraxacum officinale Wigg. from unpolluted region were 9.35, 8.44, 9.29, 8.72, 7.98, and 8.13 and for plants from polluted region were 9.58, 9.5, 9.41, 9.33, 8.66 and 8.35 respectively. These results show that in cases where APTI increases from the control site to the polluted site, the species tolerance to pollution stress improves. However, all six species studied here had APTI values of less than 16 in both locations, which classifies them as pollution sensitive plants, although they differed from each other by the percentage of increase in APTI between sites. The result showed an order of tolerance with P. obovata (1.85%) > O. spinosa (2.58%) ≥ T. officinale (2.58%) > P. depressa (7.01%) > C. album (8.59%) > L. sibirica (12.89%). Therefore, such species as L. sibirica, P. depressa, C. album are more sensitive compared with other species, and we can use them as bioindicators of air pollution stress. P. obovata, O. spinosa, T. officinale are relatively more tolerant compared with other species.

25/02/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Communities of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the Steppe of Mongolia ", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.02

Abstract
We studied the community structure of dung beetles in livestock dung within the steppe ecosystem of Mongolia. We found 15 species of dung beetles belonging to three families and representing two functional guilds, namely paracoprids and endocoprids. All species were found in the horse dung, but only 11 species inhabited cow dung, and except Geotrupes koltzei none of these species seemed linked exclusively to one kind of dung. A few species dominated the communities, specifically Aphodius comma, Aphodius altaicus and Aphodius antiquus. Among these, Aphodius comma was the predominant species, occupying 44.4% of total surveyed dungs. Species richness, biomass, and abundance of beetles per dung were significantly higher in horse dung than cow dung. Abundance of beetles was significantly higher in the middle of summer than in late summer, but species richness was not significantly different between the middle of and late summer. This study constitutes one of the first efforts to systematically understand dung beetle assemblages in the steppe of Mongolia, including the effects of dung types and environmental gradients on beetle communities.

25/02/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Diversity and Temporal Variation of Insects in Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve, and Post-fire Succession of Selected Beetle Groups", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.03

Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study based on a planned and intensive sampling effort that describes the community composition of insects in Khar Yamaat Nature Reserve, Mongolia. As part of ongoing research project in the reserve, we recorded 341 insect species representing 9 orders and 70 families. Coleoptera represented the most speciose order (171 spp.) followed by Lepidoptera (44 spp.) and Orthoptera (33 spp.), whereas Odonata (4 spp.) and Neuroptera (5 spp.) were the least specious. At the family level, the ground beetles (Carabidae, 43 spp.), leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae, 30 spp.), grasshoppers (Acrididae, 25 spp.) and weevil beetles (Curculionidae, 22 spp.) were the most species rich among other families. We selected six ground-dwelling beetle groups for the study of their post-fire succession, and their activity densities among different years after the wildfire were not significantly different. The trophic guilds of selected beetles did not differ much among the years after the wildfire, and across the years, predators were more abundant than the other feeding types. The number of dominating species has fluctuated greatly in the years after the wildfire.

25/02/2022

Dear Readers,

The next article, entitled "Calibration of disk pasture meter to estimate a fire fuel load (aboveground plant biomass) for fire management in the northeastern steppe of Mongolia ", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.03

Abstract
Grassland fires are the most common disturbance in Mongolia's east. Fire risk management in Mongolia's eastern grasslands should include fuel load estimates (aboveground plant biomass) to prevent fire damage. The disc pasture meter (DPM) is a common, rapid, and nondestructive method for estimating aboveground plant biomass in grasslands. Calibration is needed for the DPM application in a given area due to regional variations in climate and plant diversity, as well as site-specific environmental factors. We calibrated a DPM for Mongolia's north-eastern grasslands bordering Russia, classified as a very high-risk region for grassland fire. The calibration was carried out at twelve different sites, and double sampling (DPM reading and plant biomass harvesting) was done at 108 points. The mean of the total dry plant biomass of the sites was 11.27 centner ha-1 (±1.93 SE). The sites differed in total dry plant biomass and its composition. It indicates that the sites are needed different fire managements. Although we developed three linear regression models for DPM readings (100, 200, and 300) to estimate an optimal sampling effort, the model with 300 DPM models had the highest determination coefficient (0.82). Therefore, we suggest the model (y=3.18x+3.1) with the 300 DPM readings for further application.

25/02/2022

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Estimation of some non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves of Betula platyphylla Sukacz. and Larix sibirica Ledeb.", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2022.20.02

Abstract
The study of plant stress tolerance in Mongolia is based on the estimation of morphological and physiological parameters without taking into consideration plant enzyme activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents. The latter parameters are more sensitive to various environmental stresses, and their accurate estimation would provide a means to monitor plant health and indirectly determine stress response. This paper presents our study of non-enzymatic antioxidants as chlorophylls (Chl a and Chl b), total carotenoids (TC), ascorbic acid, proline and malondialdehyde, a biomarker of oxidative stress in leaves of two plant species grown in urban and natural environments during the vegetation period. The results indicate that there was a significant decrease in pigments ratio (Chl a : Chl b and TC : (Chl а + Chl в)), and an increase in proline and malondialdehyde contents in urban plants.

03/11/2021

Их говийн илэрхийлэл болсон Гайхамшигт 6-г хамгаалахаар нэгдсэн 5 жилийн онцлог амжилтаас хүргэж байна. Энэхүү санаачилга цаашид улам бүр түгэн дэлгэрэх болтугай!

13/10/2021

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "Conservation of Rare and Endangered Algae in Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.16

Abstract
We analyzed the distribution area of the threatened algal species concerning Mongolia’s nationally and internationally protected areas, using Geographic Information Systems analysis. Approximately 63% of the total at-risk species have distributions that partially overlap state special protected areas. I determine that 24.3% of the rare and endangered species are in Strictly Protected Areas, 43.9% are in National Parks, 4.8% are in Nature Reserves, and 2.4% are in Natural and Historical Monuments. Habitats for fifteen species of rare and endangered algae are not even partially protected, although four of those species are found in internationally conserved areas. We propose to study in detail the biology, ecology, and distribution of Chara gobiana and Oedogonium itzigsohnii and to consider some lakes such as Buir, Khukh and Taatsyn Tsagaan be included under special protection state to protect critical habitats for Mongolia’s rare and endangered algae.

27/04/2021

Dear Readers,
The next article, entitled "New Record of Neopicrorhiza minima R.R. Mill (Plantaginaceae) to the Flora of India", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.15

Abstract
Neopicrorhiza minima, an endemic and rare herb of Bhutan is reported for the first time from India (Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh state). The species was known only from the type localities in Bhutan since 1933. It grows in boggy soil among mosses and grasses, near water bodies of Himalayan Alpine grassland, in association with Cassiope fastigiata, Corydalis cashmeriana, Galearis roborovskii, Gentiana pedicellata, Saxifraga hispidula, Saussurea obvallata. Extended taxonomic description, habitat, phenology, notes and colour photographs are provided.

20/03/2021

Dear Readers,

The latest article, entitled "Pedicularis incarnata L. (Orobanchaceae) – new species to the flora of Mongolia", has just been published.
The online first version of the article is available at the following DOI link: https://doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.14

Abstract
Pedicularis incarnata L. is added as a new record to the flora of Mongolia, which we found from a mixed forest in the Renchinlkhumbe soum, Khuvsgul aimag, northwestern Mongolia. This species was known previously from Western and Eastern Siberia of Russia. Notes on taxonomy, a distribution map, photographs, and an overview of specimens examined are provided.

20/03/2021

Recent issues of the Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences are available at https://www.biotaxa.org/mjbs
You can also browse online-first articles published in advance of print, at https://www.biotaxa.org/mjbs/issue/view/9182
Every article published since the MJBS’ first issue in 2003 is available on the journal website.

20/03/2021

New issue of the Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences is now available. All articles have already been published online, and the print edition will appear soon. This issue contains a rich and exciting collection of papers.
For further information, please visit at: https://www.biotaxa.org/mjbs/issue/view/8535