Earth, Layer by Layer
This animation reveals the Earth's layers, their incredible thickness, and scorching temperatures. Explore the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core like never before.
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Atoms are the building blocks of matter, and while we can’t see them directly, we can visualize them in fascinating ways.
Imagine a tiny solar system:
1. Nucleus: At the center is the nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons. It’s incredibly dense and tiny compared to the whole atom.
2. Electron Cloud : Surrounding the nucleus is the electron cloud. Unlike planets orbiting the Sun, electrons form a cloud of probability, meaning they don't have fixed paths but are found in regions called orbitals.
3. Size Comparison: If the nucleus were the size of a marble, the entire atom would be as large as a football stadium. Most of the atom is empty space!
4. Models :
- Bohr Model : This early model depicted electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths, like planets around the Sun.
- Quantum Mechanical Model : The modern view sees electrons in a probabilistic cloud, where their exact position is uncertain but likely in certain areas.
Voyager 1, humanity’s farthest and longest-operating spacecraft, left our solar system in August 2012, carrying with it a golden message destined for the cosmos.
👽Among the treasures onboard is a Golden Record that includes a pulsar map, an ingeniously designed cosmic guide intended to help any potential extraterrestrial civilization locate Earth. This map utilizes the unique rotational frequencies of 14 pulsars—extremely dense, rotating neutron stars scattered across our galaxy—to pinpoint our planet’s position in the Milky Way. It’s a stellar beacon, an invitation for the universe to find us.
🔭The selected pulsars emit radio signals with incredible temporal precision, making them ideal cosmic reference points. Each pulsar is depicted on the map with a radial line that indicates the distance in binary and the relative direction to Earth. The unique characteristics of these pulsars—their distance and specific rotational frequency—form a coordinate system that any advanced civilization could decode to trace our location. This remarkable system serves as a galactic “address,” a kind of cosmic calling card for humanity.
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The Great Red Spot is an anticyclonic storm, meaning it spins in the opposite direction of the planet’s rotation. Despite its gradual shrinkage over the years, it remains the largest known storm in the solar system. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is larger than the entire Earth (1.3X Earth’s width) that has been swirling for over 350 years.
Saturn’s Hexagon Storm:
Saturn’s Hexagon is a unique and mysterious storm located at the planet’s north pole. Unlike any other storm in the solar system, this six-sided jet stream is a permanent fixture in Saturn’s atmosphere, with clouds and winds that create a mesmerizing geometric pattern.
Neptune’s Great Dark Spot: The winds in Neptune’s Great Dark Spot are among the fastest in the solar system. The storm’s dark hue is due to the planet’s methane-rich atmosphere, which absorbs red light and reflects blue light, giving Neptune its distinctive color.
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Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall:
This is currently the largest known structure in the universe, stretching across approximately "10 billion light-years"
Discovered in 2013, it is an immense concentration of galaxies that challenges current cosmological theories, especially concerning the homogeneity and isotropy of the universe on large scales.
Its discovery significantly impacted our understanding of the universe, suggesting that cosmic structures can be far larger than previously thought.
Some other famous huge structures:
• Giant GRB Ring: This structure is composed of galaxies and extends over approximately "5.7 billion light-years"
. It was recently discovered through observations of the distribution of galaxies and represents one of the most enigmatic formations.
The name might suggest a ring structure, but it is not a physical ring. It is a group of nine gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that appear to be aligned in a structure that could be interpreted as a "ring" when observed on a very large cosmic scale.
•Sloan Great Wall: The Sloan Great Wall is a structure composed of superclusters of galaxies, discovered in 2003. It spans approximately "1.37 billion light-years". It was one of the first structures detected.
•BOSS Great Wall: Discovered in 2016, the BOSS Great Wall consists of several superclusters of galaxies and is one of the largest visible structures, extending about "1 billion light-years". It was mapped using the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey.
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The Sun converts approximately 4.3 million kilograms of matter into energy.
Around 4800 new stars are born, and 15 starsundergo supernova explosions, forming black holes or neutron stars23.
The Solar System travels about 250 kilometersaround the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
The universe expands by about 980 million kilometers.
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The Big Bang theory is the leading explanation for the origin of the universe. It suggests that the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot, dense state. Initially, all matter and energy were concentrated in a single point, known as a singularity.
This singularity expanded rapidly in a process called cosmic inflation, leading to the cooling and spreading out of matter, which eventually formed the first atoms, stars, galaxies, and other cosmic structures.
The theory is supported by key observations, including the cosmic microwave background radiation and the redshift of galaxies, which show that the universe is still expanding today.
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String Theory explained in a minute 🕰️......!
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Milky Way's Past Galactic Collisions!
EPISODE No. 2️ OF 4️
(EPISODE 1️ was posted on 27 july )
The Milky Way has undergone numerous galactic collisions in the past, and recent data from the Gaia satellite have provided new insights into these interactions. Two major events have been highlighted by these studies:
1. Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE): This significant event involved the collision of the Milky Way with a large dwarf galaxy, which occurred between 8 and 11 billion years ago. This impact profoundly influenced the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way, adding a substantial number of stars to its halo.
2. Virgo Radial Merger (VRM): More recent studies suggest that a collision much more recent, occurring less than 3 billion years ago, had a significant impact. This collision, named the Virgo Radial Merger, introduced a considerable number of stars with unusual motions compared to the rest ofvthe galaxy.
In addition to these major events, the Milky Way has experienced numerous other minor mergers with dwarf galaxies and star clusters throughout its history, such as the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. The discovery of "stellar wrinkles" in the Milky Way, visible thanks to Gaia data, has allowed scientists to trace and date these collisions with greater precision .
In summary, galactic collisions have played a crucial role in the formation and evolution of the Milky Way.
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Don't Miss these 3 Amazing Astronomical Events in August 2024!!!
Stay Tuned!!
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String Theory explained in a minute 🕰️................
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Interesting, isn't it ?
Did you know it ?
⬇️
•An Electron Cloud is the region of negative charge surrounding the atomic nucleus.
It is associated with an atomic orbital.
"Electron cloud "was defined around 1925 , when the great Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg were seeking a way to describe the uncertainty of the position of electrons in a atom.
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