PRIMADONA TRANSLATION

17/08/2022

Dirgahayu Republik Indonesia. Semoga kesejahteraan dan kedamaian selalu menyertai masyarakat Indonesia🤲🇮🇩🇮🇩🇮🇩

29/09/2021

Happy International Translation Day 2021.
The day provides us an opportunity to pay tribute to the work of language professionals. The importance of translation in our daily life is multidimensional. Translation paves the way forward for worldwide interaction and allows nations to forge interactive relationships when it comes to creating advancements in technology, politics, and many else.

The theme of International Translation Day 2021 is "United in translation." The theme focuses on world union with the help of translation. As only because of translation we are able to interpret what we read and translators make sure that we are able to do that easily.

16/08/2021

Sarkat dari Pak Ivan Lanin😇

18/06/2021

Bahasa Indonesia menempati urutan ke-11 dari bahasa yang digunakan di dunia. Urutan pertama diduduki Bahasa Inggris dengan 1,35 miliar pengguna, disusul dengan Mandarin dengan 1,12 miliar penghuni …

08/06/2021

INTERPRETING SERVICES
(*Langpros)

Unlike translation, which involves written texts, interpretation refers to oral communication. Moreover, translation allows time for consulting different types of documents – for example dictionaries, glossaries, and databases – whereas interpretation has to be done on the spot.

Both translation and interpretation are very complex activities and they require a set of professional skills that can only be acquired through specific education and vocational experience. The fact that someone can speak two languages does not mean he or she will be able to interpret an oral speech faithfully and accurately, so beware of all non- professional and self-proclaimed interpreters.

How are interpretation services carried out?
Interpretation services may be performed in two different ways:

– consecutively, with the interpreter starting to interpret as soon as the original speaker finishes his or her speech;

– simultaneously, with the interpreter speaking at the same time as the person giving the speech in the source language. Simultaneous interpreters incorporate a delay of 5-10 seconds before starting to interpret the speech for the target audience.

REMOTE SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION

Remote Simultaneous Interpretation (RSI) is a revolutionary interpreting technology powered by a cloud-based platform. Remote Simultaneous Interpretation can be used at multilingual conferences and web meeting of any size, ranging from small workshops to large international conferences. RSI combines high quality with notable time and money savings when compared to on-site simultaneous interpretation.

The main difference between this two types of interpretation is that in RSI interpreters are not present at an event but they work remotely. This is possible thanks to an interface that allows them to see and hear the event as if they were present. At the same time, their interpretation is streamed in real time to the target audience, who listen it through a web application installed on their laptops or smartphones.

Remote Simultaneous Interpretation is quickly becoming the new normal thanks to its capacity for cost reduction and user experience improvement.

BUSINESS INTERPRETING

Business interpreting, also known as liaison interpreting, is very similar to consecutive interpreting. The main difference is that, unlike consecutive interpreting, in business interpreting the speaker uses short sentences. This means that he or she must take frequent pauses in order to allow liaison interpreters to provide their interpretation.

This type of interpretation does not imply any need for specialized interpretation equipment. Usually the interpreter sits next to the speaker and, since speaking turns are quite short, he or she manages to efficiently convey the core message with no need of taking notes.

Liaison interpreting is mainly used for small groups of people (e.g. a business meeting between two executives or a one-on-one interview). It is advisable to use this type of interpretation for groups of no more than five or six people. For groups of more than six and up to twenty people, it’s better to use simultaneous interpretation services with either conference equipment or portable equipment.

CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETING

Consecutive interpreting is sometimes called “listen before talk” interpretation. Indeed, consecutive interpretation is when a speaker takes frequent pauses – approximately every 5 minutes – in order to allow the interpreter to interpret the speech into the target language. While the speaker is talking, the interpreter may take notes using shorthand and professional note-taking techniques.

Unlike simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation does not require any technical interpretation equipment, therefore it is to be considered a much cheaper interpretation service. However, consecutive interpretation is progressively being replaced by simultaneous interpretation because of its time consuming nature. Indeed, in consecutive interpretation the speech is repeated twice, first in the source language and then in the target language.

For the following events consecutive interpretation is still preferred to simultaneous interpretation:

Press conferences
Interviews
Working breakfasts and lunches
Meetings and conferences lasting up to two hours

SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING

In simultaneous interpretation the interpreter, who works from a soundproof booth, hears the speaker’s speech through headphones. He or she interprets the speech into a target language through the interpreter’s microphone in real time – with a delay of very few seconds. The audience can hear the interpretation via headsets connected to wireless receivers – in the case of multilingual events with several interpreters, the audience can select from the receiver the channel of the language in which they want to hear the interpretation.

When interpreting simultaneously, the interpreter works in a soundproof booth with at least one colleague. International standards require booking at least two interpreters for interpretation booth for a full workday. Exceptions may depend on the characteristics of an event – for example, when it lasts less than two hours or when there are frequent breaks.

This type of interpretation is ideal for conferences, workshops and any other event where the audience require instant interpretation into a target language.

TELEPHONE INTERPRETING

Telephone interpreting is an interpretation service that allows the interpreter to translate via telephone the conversation of two or more individuals who do not share a common language. The interpreter, connected via conference call, works consecutively, meaning that he or she waits for the speaker to finish an utterance before interpreting it into the listener’s language. This process is commonly used when an interpreter is not available on-site or when the conversation anyway would take place over the phone.

First used in the 70’s, telephone interpreting became popular during the 90’s thanks to the lower costs of international calls. Demand for telephone interpreting has kept rising in the 21st century, leading to a more sophisticated and high-quality service. Thanks to technological improvement, which guarantee faster and more reliable connections, interpretation over the phone is nowadays widely used in a number of settings such as commercial negotiations, emergency calls, customer service etc.

OTHER TYPES OF INTERPRETATION

Besides the main interpretation modalities (business, consecutive and simultaneous interpretation), there are other types of interpretation which may be used in specific communication contexts. Here is a list:

– Whispering interpreting or chuchotage is an interpretation service in which the interpreter stands or sits immediately adjacent to a single listener or a small target audience and whispers a simultaneous interpretation of what is being said by the speaker.

– Relay or indirect interpreting is an interpretation service in which one interpreter converts an original speech in a source language into a bridging language common to other interpreters working at a multilingual event. These interpreters will start from this interpretation and interpret it into their target languages. Actually it is an interpretation of an interpretation. For instance, an interpreter might interpret a speech from Spanish into English, allowing other interpreters who do not speak Spanish to interpret the same speech from English into their target languages.

– Conference interpretation consists in conveying a message spoken in one language into a foreign language at international conferences, workshops and seminars, and bilateral or multilateral political meetings. This type of interpretation may be carried out either simultaneously or consecutively for institutional or private clients.

– Es**rt interpreting or travel interpreting is a type of consecutive interpreting in which the interpreter accompanies a single client or a delegation to various events (such as client visits, sightseeing tours, and business travels). The interpreter may be responsible for simple tasks such as ordering food at a restaurant and also for important operations like closing a business deal.

– Community interpreting is an interpretation service that aims to overcome language barriers between public services and communities speaking foreign languages (e.g. immigrants or refugees). The need for public services, such as social security, family services and health care, makes community interpreting an interpretation service of utmost importance.

– Medical interpreting is an interpretation service that allows effective communication among people speaking different languages. For instance, it may be used at a medical check-up when the physician speaks one language and the patient and his or her relatives speak another language. Medical interpreters often act as mediators for people who, regardless of language, are unfamiliar with medical settings.

– Media interpreting is an interpretation service used for live television coverage of events such as press conferences and interviews with celebrities, athletes, politicians etc. This type of interpretation is often provided simultaneously, with an interpreter sitting in a soundproof booth and translating speeches in real time.

– Video sign language interpreting is an interpretation service in which a hearing individual talks to a deaf or hard-of-hearing person thanks to a sign language interpreter working remotely via PC or tablet. This type of interpreting may be used when no on-site sign language interpreters are available.

22/10/2020

courtesy: Youtube Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa

15/10/2020

courtesy: youtube Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa

01/04/2020

Mengenal Perbedaan Waste, Garbage, Rubbish, Trash, Litter, Debris, Scarp dan Refuse
(AS)
Semakin banyak kosakata di dalam sebuah bahasa pada bidang tertentu, biasanya disebabkan karena di dalam bahasa tersebut memang sangat tinggi budaya yang berkaitan dengan kosakata tersebut. Sebagai contoh misalnya beberapa istilah/kata yang berkaitan dengan budaya beras di Indonesia sangatlah banyak. Ada menir, gabah, beras, nasi, dll yang merujuk pada satu benda yang berbeda bentuk. Tetapi di dalam bahasa Inggris hanya mengenal “rice”. Hal ini disebabkan karena budaya beras bukan menjadi budaya orang Inggris.

Budaya membuang sampah menjadi bagian budaya Inggris yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan beberapa istilah sampah di dalam bahasa Inggris yang cukup banyak jika dibandingkan dengan istilah-istilah sampah dalam bahasa Indonesia. Di dalam Oxford Learner’s Thesaurus disebutkan beberapa istilah kata yang berhubungan dengan sampah, yaitu waste, garbage, rubbish, trash, litter, debris, scrap, refuse.

1. Waste
Oxford menjelaskan waste dengan “material that are no longer needed and are thrown away” yang artinya “material yang tidak lagi dibutuhkan dan dibuang”. Untuk memahami apa makna waste, kita bisa melihat contoh-contoh yang diberikan pada kamus Cambridge dan Oxford:

a. Britain produces 20 million tonnes of household waste each year. (Inggris menghasilkan 20 juta ton sampah rumah tangga setiap tahun.)


b. He opposes any kind of nuclear waste being dumped at sea. (Dia menentang segala jenis limbah nuklir yang dibuang di laut)

c. Waste water is pumped from the factory into a nearby river. (Air limbah dipompa dari pabrik ke sungai terdekat.)

Dari contoh-contoh yang diberikan kita bisa menyimpulkan bahwa waste adalah hasil buangan dari aktivitas seperti rumah tangga atau pabrik. Dalam bahasa Indonesia kita bisa artikan dengan “limbah”

2. Garbage
Garbage adalah istilah sampah yang digunakan oleh orang Amerika. Baik kamus Oxford maupun Cambridge, sama-sama menyebutkan bahwa garbage digunakan oleh Inggris Amerika. Begini penjelasan Cambridge:
“US ( UK rubbish ) waste material or unwanted things that you throw away ”
“AS (UK rubbish) material sisa atau benda-benda yang sudah tidak diinginkan yang anda buang”.

Garbage umumnya berhubungan dengan sampah basah, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Oxford:
“waste, especially food and other wet material”
“limbah, khususnya makanan dan material basah lainnya”

3. Rubbish
Rubbish adalah istilah sampah yang lebih sering digunakan oleh orang Inggris dibanding garbage, seperti penjelasan Cambridge berikut ini:
“mainly UK ( US garbage , also trash ) waste material or things that are no longer wanted or needed”
“Utamanya di UK (AS garbage, juga trash) material buangan atau benda-benda yang tidak lagi diperlukan atau digunakan”

Jika garbage merujuk sampah basah, maka rubbish merujuk pada sampah kering, seperti penjelasan Oxford berikut ini:

“Waste, especially paper, cardboard and other dry material that is thrown away by individual people and households”
"Limbah, terutama kertas, karton dan bahan kering lainnya yang dibuang oleh orang-orang individu dan rumah tangga"

4. Trash
Trash merupakan sampah kering. Istilah ini digunakan oleh Inggris Amerika. Hal ini kebalikan dari garbage yang merujuk sampah basah. Lihat penjelasan Oxford berikut ini:

Trash [U] (AmE) “Waste, especially paper, cardboard and other dry material”
"Limbah, terutama kertas, karton dan bahan kering lainnya"

Jadi kertas, karton, dan sampah kering lainya adalah contoh trash.

5. Litter
Litter adalah sampah kecil di jalanan yang dibuang sembarangan oleh orang, misalnya kaleng, tisu, rokok, dll. Begini penjelasan Cambridge:

[ U ] small pieces of rubbish that have been left lying on the ground in public places
[U] potongan-potongan kecil sampah yang telah ditinggalkan tergeletak di tanah di tempat umum

Orang yang s**a membuang sampah sembarangan tersebut disebut dengan “litter bug”

6. Debris
Debris adalah istilah untuk merujuk sampah yang berbentuk reruntuhan, seperti reruntuhan bangunan atau dedaunan. Seperti penjelasan dari Cambridge berikut ini.

“broken or torn pieces of something larger”
“pecahan atau robekan dari sesuatu yang lebih besar”

Untuk lebih memahami istilah debris lihatlah contoh berikut ini:

Debris from the aircraft was scattered over a large area.
“Puing-puing dari pesawat itu tersebar di area yang luas”

7. Scrap
Scrap adalah sampah yang berbentuk barang rongsokan seperti mobil, besi,dll yang sudah tidak digunakan oleh orang dan bisa diolah menjadi bahan yang lain yang bermanfaat. Cambridge menjelaskanya dengan seperti ini:

[ U ] old cars and machines or pieces of metal, etc. that are not now needed but have parts that can be used to make other things
[U] mobil tua dan mesin atau potongan logam, dll yang sekarang tidak diperlukan, tetapi memiliki bagian-bagian yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat benda-benda yang lainnya.

a. scrap iron/ metal.
b. We've sold our old car for scrap.

8. Refuse
Refuse adalah istilah formal dari garbage, rubbish, dan trash. Cambridge menjelaskannya seperti ini:

“unwanted waste material, especially material that is regularly thrown away from a house, factory, etc.; rubbish”

"Material limbah yang tidak diinginkan, terutama material yang secara berkala dibuang dari rumah, pabrik, dll .; sampah"

Kesimpulan
Ada banyak istilah sampah di dalam bahasa Inggris. Lantas bagaimana cara penggunaanya?

a. Rubbish adalah kata yang digunakan khusus oleh orang Inggris atau UK yang merujuk pada sampah secara umum.

b. Orang-orang Amerika memiliki dua istilah sampah, yaitu garbage sebagai sampah basah dan trash sebagai sampah kering.

c. Orang Amerika maupun Inggris sama-sama menggunakan istilah “litter” untuk sampah kecil yang dibuang sembarangan di jalanan.

d. Refuse adalah istilah formal untuk sampah dibandingkan dengan garbage, rubbish, ataupun trash.

e. Waste adalah istilah umum untuk sampah dalam jumlah besar seperti pada pabrik, atau juga untuk merujuk pada kotoran manusia. Kita bisa juga menyebutnya dengan limbah.

f. Orang Inggris menggunakan istilah tempat sampah dengan “dustbin” sedangkan orang Amerika dengan “garbage can” untuk sampah basah dan “trash can” untuk sampah kering. Sedangkan tempat sampah di tempat publik disebut dengan “litter bin”

30/12/2019