06/10/2024
๐๐๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฒ๐
๐ฝ๐น๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐บ๐ผ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐น๐๐๐ ๐ฆ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฒ๐๐.
๐๐๐ฝ๐น๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ถ ๐ฒ ๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ด๐ด๐ถ๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ถ ๐ถ๐๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐๐ถ ๐ป๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ฒ ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ถ ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ฎ ๐ฆ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฒ๐๐ฎฬ ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐น๐๐๐.
https://www.hakluyt.com/hakluyt-society-bibliography/
๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ฟ ๐ข๐ฑ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ๐ป๐ฒ (ca. 1280 - 1331) Odorico da Pordenone, was a Franciscan friar and missionary explorer from Friuli in northeast Italy. He journeyed through India, Sumatra, Java, and China, where he spent three years in the imperial capital of Khanbaliq (now Peking). After more than ten years of travel, he returned home in 1329 or early 1330 and dictated a narrative of his experiences and observations called the ๐๐ฆ๐ญ๐ข๐ต๐ช๐ฐ, highlighting various cultural, religious, and social peculiarities he encountered in Asia. He died shortly afterwards in 1331. His travel narrative was broader in scope than that of ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ฃ๐ผ๐น๐ผ dictated 30 years earlier, and includes the first mentions in European records of many aspects of life in the countries he visited.
๐พ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ง. ๐ฝ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ก๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก ๐๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐๐ฃ๐. Translated and Edited by Colonel Henry Yule. New Edition, Revised throughout in the Light of Recent Discoveries, by Henri Cordier. Volume II Odoric of Pordenone. 1913. The appendix contains a Latin and an Italian text of Friar Odoricโs travels in the early fourteenth century.
๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ ๐ฏ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐, ๐ก๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ๐น๐ผฬ (๐ฐ๐ฎ. ๐ญ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐ฒ โ ๐ฐ๐ฎ. ๐ญ๐ฐ๐ฌ๐ฎ) ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป๐ถ๐ผ (๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐ฎ. ๐ญ๐ฐ๐ฌ๐ฏ), were Italian noblemen from Venice. They came to prominence in 1558, when their descendant, ๐ก๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ๐น๐ผฬ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐ผ๐๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐ฟ, published a map and a series of letters purporting to describe an exploration made by the brothers of the north Atlantic and Arctic waters in the 1390s. The Hakluyt Society published the Italian text of the Zenos' narrative, and the Danish and Latin texts of Ivar Bardsen's description of Greenland in the fourteenth century, with English translations in 1873. ๐๐'๐ ๐ฒ๐
๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฒ๐น๐ ๐น๐ถ๐ธ๐ฒ๐น๐ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐บ๐ฎ๐ฝ๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ป๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฎ ๐ต๐ผ๐ฎ๐
๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฏ๐ ๐ผ๐ป๐ฒ ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ฏ๐ผ๐๐ต ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ ๐ฏ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฟ ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐ป๐.
๐๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ ๐ฝ๐ง๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง๐จ, ๐๐๐๐ค๐ก๐คฬ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ผ๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ค ๐๐๐ฃ๐ค, ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐๐๐ง๐ฃ ๐๐๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐พ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ช๐ง๐ฎ, ๐๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐ง๐๐จ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ฉ ๐ ๐ฃ๐ค๐ฌ๐ฃ ๐ผ๐๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐จ๐ฉ ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ค๐ฃ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฃ๐ก๐๐ฃ๐; ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐๐ข๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ ๐ผ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ง๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ. Translated and Edited, with Notes and an Introduction, by Richard Henry Major. 1873.
๐๐น๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฎ๐บ๐ผ๐๐๐ผ (ca. 1432 โ 1483) (Luรญs Cadamosto - Portuguese) was a Venetian explorer and slave trader, who was hired by the Portuguese prince ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ก๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ด๐ฎ๐๐ผ๐ฟ and undertook two known journeys to West Africa in 1455 and 1456, accompanied by the Genoese captain ๐๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป๐ถ๐ผ๐๐๐ผ ๐จ๐๐ผ๐ฑ๐ถ๐บ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ. Some have credited Cadamosto and his companions with the discovery of the Cape Verde Islands and the points along the Guinea coast from the Gambia River to the Geba River (in Guinea-Bissau), the greatest leap in the Henrican discoveries since 1446. Cadamosto's accounts of his journeys, including his detailed observations of West African societies, have proven invaluable to historians.
๐๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐๐๐ข๐ค๐จ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐ฃ ๐ผ๐๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ ๐พ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ช๐ง๐ฎ. Translated and Edited by G. R. Crone. 1937.
๐ฆ๐ง๐ข๐ฃ ๐ฃ๐ฅ๐๐ฆ๐ฆ! ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐๐น๐๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ฎ ๐ด๐ฒ๐ป๐ฒ๐๐ถ๐ฐ ๐๐๐๐ฑ๐ ๐ผ๐ป ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ๐ถ๐ป๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐บ๐ฏ๐๐, ๐ต๐ถ๐ ๐ฏ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ต๐ถ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ป ๐๐๐ด๐ด๐ฒ๐๐๐ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ต๐ฒ ๐ณ๐ฎ๐บ๐ถ๐น๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฆ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ๐๐ต ๐๐ฒ๐๐ ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐น๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ฎ.
๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ถ๐๐๐ผ๐ฝ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฟ ๐๐ผ๐น๐๐บ๐ฏ๐๐ (1451 - 1506) Cristoforo Colombo (Spanish: Cristรณbal Colon), born and raised in Genoa and famous for his discovery of the New World under the patronage of the Spanish Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand II. Columbus first went to sea at age 14 and during his early life gained wide experience of ocean voyages. His brother and his wife's family were much concerned with cartography. In May 1476, Columbus sailed with a convoy sent by Genoa to northern Europe, where he probably visited Bristol and Galway. Between 1482 and 1485, he traded along the coast of West Africa, reaching the Portuguese trading post of Elmina on the Guinea coast in present-day Ghana. On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera with his three ships. On 12 October 1492, the expedition sighted land in the Americas - a major turning point in human history.
๐๐๐ ๐
๐ค๐ช๐ง๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฅ๐๐๐ง ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ (๐๐ช๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐จ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐, 1492-93), ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐ง๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐
๐ค๐๐ฃ ๐พ๐๐๐ค๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐ง ๐พ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก. Translated, with Notes and an Introduction, by Clements R. Markham 1893. With Paolo Toscanelliโs sailing directions in letters to Columbus, and documents relating to Sebastian Cabot.
๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฅ๐๐๐ง ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ, ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ค๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐ง๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฉ๐๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฌ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ก๐. Translated and Edited by R. H. Major. 1870.
๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ก๐ก๐ช๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐ช๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ค๐จ๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐. ๐. ๐๐๐๐ค๐งโ๐จ ๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฅ๐๐๐ง ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ Translated and Edited by Cecil Jane Vol. I: The First and Second Voyages. 1930.
๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ก๐ก๐ช๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ โฆ . ๐๐ค๐ก. ๐๐: ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ. With a Supplementary Introduction by E. G. R. Taylor. 1933.
๐๐บ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ด๐ผ ๐ฉ๐ฒ๐๐ฝ๐๐ฐ๐ฐ๐ถ (1454 - 1512), after whom America is named, was a Florentine explorer and navigator. He took part in at least two voyages between 1497 and 1504, first on behalf of Spain (1499โ1500) and then for Portugal (1501โ1502). Vespucci claimed to have grasped in 1501 that Brazil was part of a fourth continent unknown to Europeans, which he called the "New World". Based on this, in 1507, cartographer ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ป ๐ช๐ฎ๐น๐ฑ๐๐ฒ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฬ๐น๐น๐ฒ๐ฟ applied the latinised form of Vespucci's name, "America", to what is now Brazil on his huge world map including the New World.
๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ผ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐๐ค ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ช๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ง ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ก๐ก๐ช๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐จ ๐พ๐๐ง๐๐๐ง. Translated, with Notes and an Introduction, by Clements R. Markham. 1894.
๐๐ผ๐ต๐ป ๐๐ฎ๐ฏ๐ผ๐ (1450 - 1498) Giovanni Caboto, was most likely born in Gaeta but possibly in Castiglione Chiavarese, Genoa, and gained Venetian citizenship in 1476. He was then eligible to engage in maritime trade. The Caboto family moved to England in 1495 if not before. John's 1497 voyage to the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII, King of England, is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century.
His son ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐ฎ๐ฏ๐ผ๐ (ca. 1474 - 1557) Sebastiano Caboto, was a Venetian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic and a Venetian citizen. After his father's death, Sebastian conducted his own voyages of discovery, seeking the Northwest Passage through North America on behalf of England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.
๐๐๐ ๐พ๐๐๐ค๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฝ๐ง๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ก ๐ฟ๐๐จ๐๐ค๐ซ๐๐ง๐ฎ ๐ช๐ฃ๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฃ๐ง๐ฎ ๐๐๐ by James A. Williamson with the Cartography of the Voyages by R. A. Skelton. 1962. Documents from English, Portuguese and Spanish archives, transcribed or in translation, and from printed sources, relating to the Atlantic voyages out of Bristol between 1480 and 1508-9; including the voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot.
๐๐๐ง๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฌ๐๐ง๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐-๐๐๐จ๐ฉ, ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ ๐๐๐จ๐จ๐๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐พ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐. 1496 ๐ฉ๐ค 1631. ๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ง๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐๐๐. ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ฝ๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ ๐๐ช๐จ๐๐ช๐ข. Edited by Thomas Rundall. 1849.
๐๐๐ ๐
๐ค๐ช๐ง๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฅ๐๐๐ง ๐พ๐ค๐ก๐ช๐ข๐๐ช๐จ (๐๐ช๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐จ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐, 1492-93), ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ช๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐ง๐๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐
๐ค๐๐ฃ ๐พ๐๐๐ค๐ฉ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฅ๐๐ง ๐พ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐๐ก. Translated, with Notes and an Introduction, by Clements R. Markham. 1893.
๐๐ถ๐ผ๐๐ฎ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ผ (also Giosaphat or Josaphat) (1413โ1494) was a member of the Venetian Barbaro family. He was a diplomat, merchant, explorer and travel writer. He was remarkably well-travelled for the time.
๐๐บ๐ฏ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ด๐ถ๐ผ ๐๐ผ๐ป๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ถ (1429 โ 1499) was a Venetian nobleman, merchant and diplomat known for an account of his travel to Persia.
๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐จ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐๐, ๐๐ฎ ๐
๐ค๐จ๐๐๐ ๐ฝ๐๐ง๐๐๐ง๐ค ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ผ๐ข๐๐ง๐ค๐๐๐ค ๐พ๐ค๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐. Translated from the Italian by William Thomas and S. A. Roy, and Edited, with an Introduction, by Lord Stanley of Alderley. 1873.
๐ผ ๐๐๐ง๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ก๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ ๐พ๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ช๐ง๐๐๐จ. Translated and Edited by Charles Grey. 1873.The two editions are bound together but separately paginated.
The second volume contains accounts by ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ผ ๐ญ๐ฒ๐ป๐ผ, ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐๐ฎ๐ป ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ฎ ๐๐ป๐ด๐ถ๐ผ๐น๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ผ, ๐ฉ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐ผ ๐ฑ'๐๐น๐ฒ๐๐๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฟ๐ถ and an unknown merchant.
๐๐๐ฑ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ฑ๐ถ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ, (also Barthema and Vertomannus) (ca. 1470 โ 1517), was a Bolognese traveller, diarist and aristocrat known for being one of the first non-Muslim Europeans to enter Mecca as a pilgrim. Nearly everything that is known about his life comes from his own account of his travels, ๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐๐ง๐๐ง๐๐ค ๐๐ ๐๐ช๐๐ค๐ช๐๐๐ค ๐๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐ฝ๐ค๐ก๐ค๐๐ฃ๐๐จ๐, published in Rome in 1510. Ludovico covered immense distances during his travels, going as far as Burma, Java and Borneo, with lengthy stays almost everywhere on the way. His description of his visits to Medina and Mecca and the chief pilgrim sites and ceremonies are remarkably accurate, almost all his details being confirmed by later writers. His chapter on Calicut contains one of the earliest European descriptions of Hindu religion and the caste system.
๐๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ช๐๐ค๐ซ๐๐๐ค ๐๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฉ, ๐๐ฎ๐ง๐๐, ๐ผ๐ง๐๐๐๐ ๐ฟ๐๐จ๐๐ง๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ผ๐ง๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐ญ, ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐๐, ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐, ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ค๐ฅ๐๐, ๐ผ.๐ฟ. 1503 ๐ฉ๐ค 1508. Translated from the Original Italian Edition of 1510, with a Preface, by John Winter Jones and edited, with Notes and an Introduction, by George Percy Badger. 1863.
๐๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป๐ถ๐ผ ๐ฑ๐ฒ ๐๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ was born in Molfetta, date unknown. He is best known for this travel diary of 1517โ1518, a work of major value in art history. He was still making copies of his diary in 1521, but his date of death his unknown. The diary was written during a journey in which de Beatis accompanied ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐๐ถ๐ด๐ถ ๐ฑ'๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ด๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ as his secretary. The diary contains first-hand accounts of meetings with famous persons and descriptions of works of art. Besides Charles V, the cardinal met ๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ๐ ๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฒ at Rouen, the banker ๐๐ฎ๐ธ๐ผ๐ฏ ๐๐๐ด๐ด๐ฒ๐ฟ at Augsburg and ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ผ ๐ฑ๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ถ๐ป๐ฐ๐ถ at Cloux.
๐๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ก ๐
๐ค๐ช๐ง๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐ค๐ ๐ผ๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ค ๐๐ ๐ฝ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐จ. ๐๐๐ง๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฎ, ๐๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ก๐๐ฃ๐, ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ฌ ๐พ๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐จ, ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐ฉ๐๐ก๐ฎ, 1517-1518. Translated from the Italian by J. R. Hale and J. M. A. Lindon. Edited by J. R. Hale. 1979.
๐๐ถ๐ฟ๐ผ๐น๐ฎ๐บ๐ผ ๐๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป๐ถ (ca. 1519 - after 1572) was a Milanese merchant and adventurer who spent fifteen years in the New World. In 1565 he published an account of his travels, ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ง๐๐ ๐๐๐ก ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ค ๐๐ช๐ค๐ซ๐ค. In 1541, at the age of twenty-two, Benzoni traveled to Sanlรบcar de Barrameda, in Spain, and from there sailed to the New World in search of adventure and fortune. After spending years travelling all over South America, he finally arrived back in Sanlรบcar on 13 September 1556, penniless and exhausted. Realising that his experiences in the New World were his only marketable possession, Benzoni wrote an account of his travels which was published in two successful editions in 1565 and 1572. After writing a new dedication to the 1572 edition, Benzoni disappeared from history.
๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ค๐ง๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ฌ ๐๐ค๐ง๐ก๐, ๐๐ฎ ๐๐๐ง๐ค๐ก๐๐ข๐ค ๐ฝ๐๐ฃ๐ฏ๐ค๐ฃ๐, ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐ฃ. ๐๐๐๐ฌ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐จ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐จ ๐๐ฃ ๐ผ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐๐, ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐ผ.๐ฟ. 1541 ๐ฉ๐ค 1556: ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ค๐ข๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ฉ๐๐๐ช๐ก๐๐ง๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐พ๐๐ฃ๐๐ง๐ฎ. Translated and Edited by Rear-Admiral W. H. Smyth. 1857.
๐ฃ๐ถ๐ฒ๐๐ฟ๐ผ ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ฒ (1586 โ 1652) was an Italian composer, musicologist and author who travelled throughout the Near East and India during the Renaissance. His travels took him to Turkey, Cyprus, the Holy Land and elsewhere in the Middle East, North Africa and as far as India. Pietro della Valle was born in Rome to a wealthy and noble family. ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ผ ๐ฆ๐ฐ๐ต๐ถ๐ฝ๐ฎ๐ป๐ผ, a professor of medicine in Naples, suggested the idea of travelling in the East. It was Schipano who received a diary in letters from Pietro's travels. Pietro left Venice by boat on 8 June 1614, aged 28, for Constantinople and his extensive travels throughout the Middle East, Persia and India. He arrived back in Rome on 28 March 1626 and spent the rest of his life there engaged in musical pursuits.
๐๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ง๐ค ๐๐๐ก๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ก๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐. ๐๐ง๐ค๐ข ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ค๐ก๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐๐จ๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐จ๐ก๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐ค๐ 1664, ๐๐ฎ ๐. ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐จ. Edited, with a Life of the Author, an Introduction and Notes, by Edward Grey. Volumes I & II. 1892.
