08/08/2021
Andrew is working on the Air War Courland book this morning, and coincidentally, is writing about the events of exactly 77 years ago: 8 August 1944. At that point, the Germans were building up forces for an army offensive to reconnect Heeresgruppe Mitte (Army Group Centre) with Heeresgruppe Nord (Army Group North). Heeresgruppe Nord had been cut off in Estonia and Latvia in late-July 1944, after a Red Army advance through Courland to the Baltic Sea just west of Riga.
The Luftwaffe command responsible for operations over Courland and its surrounds, Luftflotte 1, reported to the German army that it had almost no aviation fuel available on 8 August 1944, and could provide a grand total of just 36 ground-attack sorties for the entire day! This was hardly satisfactory given Heeresgruppe Nord had to defend a front more than 500 kilometres long. The army pleaded that Luftflotte 1 at least provide reconnaissance over Tuckum (modern Tukum, Latvia) in Courland. Tuckum was a major objective for the forthcoming German offensive.
In the event, Messerschmitt Bf 109s of Nahaufklärungsgruppe 5 were able to reconnoitre Tuckum and other locations in south-eastern Courland, as well as the Birsen area (modern Biržai, Lithuania), where heavy land fighting was occurring. Given the difficult situation on the ground for the German defenders, Focke-Wulf 190 F-8 ground-attack aircraft of Schlachtgeschwader 4 had to be dispatched to the Birsen area in the evening. III./SG 4 sent out a dozen aircraft, and ran into Soviet fighters, claiming one shot down and another damaged.
The Soviets were not constrained by fuel problems, and 3.VA (Third Air Army) flew more than 400 sorties. As usual for the Soviet air force, there were no fighter sweeps flown, with fighters engaged in direct es**rt for ground-attack aircraft (142 sorties) and cover for the Red Army (67 sorties). The P-39 Airacobras of 11.IAK (11th Fighter Corps) reported combat with Fw 190s, and ml.Lt Yakovlev of 821.IAP (821st Fighter Regiment) failed to return. This was presumably during the evening encounter with III./SG 4.
The VVS KBF (Baltic Fleet Air Force) also participated in the Courland air war on this day, with Douglas A-20s of 1.GMTAP (1st Mine and Torpedo Regiment) unsuccessfully attacking German shipping just off the Courland coast towards dusk. The Germans noted that it was the first VVS KBF anti-shipping operation flown in waters off Courland in ten days.
The events of 8 August 1944 will only occupy a few paragraphs in the Air War Courland book, but it was a typically interesting day nonetheless.