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21/05/2024

RHESUS BLOOD (Rh) GROUP SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON PREGNANCY AND OFFSPRING

Mrs. Gloria had five miscarriages in the past three years after her first child. She wondered about the cause and eventually suspected it was due to "village people."

She and her husband sought medical help. After assessment, examination, and tests, it was discovered that Mrs. Gloria's blood group was Rhesus Negative (Rh-) and her husband was Rhesus Positive (Rh+).

Before I continue, there is no cause for alarm if you are a woman with Rhesus Positive and are reading this post.

If you are a woman with Rhesus Negative, please follow this carefully.

Rh is determined by the presence or absence of the Rh factor (antigen D). It can be Negative or Positive.

If a woman with Rh-Negative marries a man with Rh-Positive, the fetus can inherit the Rh-Positive factor.

The first pregnancy is less problematic because sensitization generally happens at birth when the mother is exposed to the baby's blood.

In subsequent pregnancies, when the fetus's Rh-positive blood cells enter the mother's bloodstream, her immune system might produce antibodies against the Rh factor. These antibodies can attack the red blood cells of the Rh-Positive fetus, causing miscarriage or hemolytic disease in the newborn (which can lead to jaundice, anemia, hydrops fetalis, and brain damage).

ABO blood group incompatibility can also affect offspring. This occurs when the mother's blood type is O, and the baby’s blood type is A, B, or AB. The mother's anti-A or anti-B antibodies can cross the placenta and cause mild hemolysis in the fetus or newborn.

ABO incompatibility can lead to jaundice and mild anemia in the newborn, but it is usually less severe than Rh incompatibility.

HOW TO PREVENT THIS FROM HAPPENING:

Medical counseling for couples with such cases before marriage.
Parental testing and counseling before marriage or early in marriage.
Medical intervention during pregnancy. Rh immunoglobulin injection can prevent the w