11/11/2022
ANNIHILATION (AL-FANA) part (A)
We are now familiar with Niasse’s conceptualization of the mystical path and its division into stations and stages. However, the characterization of the ultimate goal of the journey still appears vague. According to Niasse’s definition, the stage of cognizance (maʿrifa) is marked by the aspirant’s experience of complete annihilation, followed by permanent intimacy with the divine. This statement is in line with standard Sufi doctrine.84 However, less common is that Niasse also distinguishes between various stages of annihilation, similar to his definitions of preceding terms and models. “The Three Stations of Religion” only contains a few hints to this differentiation, the most important being the aphorism quoted in the epigraph of this chapter: “For me, the cognizant is someone who has been annihilated once in the essence, two or three times in the attribute, and once in the name.”
Niasse thus suggests that the highest form of cognizance results from a sequence of steps, with annihilation occurring at least four or five times. But what is actually meant by annihilation in the essence, in the attribute, and in the name? Given the fact that Sufis do not verbalize these experiences, it is impossible for an outsider to arrive at a consistent and straightforward interpretation. The following considerations are intended to throw some more light on the issue, without claiming to resolve the enigma.
The differentiation between God’s names, attributes, and essence is quite common, both in Islamic theology and in Sufism. According to the theosophist al-HakIm al-TirmidhI, God’s primary name (ism) is Allāh, and all other names are secondary.85 Whereas names serve to denominate a thing, attributes are meant to make it perceptible. Names are for the tongue; attributes for the eye. The attributes are a means for man to recognize God, because each of His attributes describes an aspect of God or His creation. God has endowed His attributes with