Motor City Film (2024)

17/06/2024

Be sure to check out my newest public domain inventions at the Regional U.S Patent Office in Detroit

13/06/2024

if the original Last or "Metaphysical Supper" Painting is here, the first version the one that was rejected. He finally gave in though needed the money. What else could be here in Detroit ?

12/06/2024

Agent Point Zero Zero Seven not Oh Oh Seven..

12/06/2024

The Official Source of Evening Star and Morning Star Communications!

10/06/2024

Coined in Detroit Pogo Stick Economics: When rocket science meets economics. Pogo Stick Economics: Learning from the Apollo 13 Mission In the annals of space exploration, the Apollo 13 mission stands as a testament to human ingenuity, resilience, and perhaps, providential intervention. Beyond its narrative of survival, Apollo 13 offers profound lessons for economics through what can be termed the "Pogo Stick Effect." This concept, rooted in the idea of oscillations and sudden corrective actions, provides a fascinating framework for understanding economic dynamics and the role of seemingly minor disruptions in averting larger catastrophes.
The Pogo Stick Effect Explained
The "Pogo Stick Effect" in engineering refers to oscillations that occur in rocket engines due to fluctuations in thrust. These oscillations can become so severe that they threaten the integrity of the spacecraft. The term is borrowed from the motion of a pogo stick, which moves up and down rapidly. In the context of Apollo 13, this effect was a significant risk during launch.
The Apollo 13 Pogo Stick Effect Incident:
During the launch of Apollo 13, a dangerous pogo oscillation began. Such oscillations can lead to catastrophic structural failures, potentially destroying the spacecraft. Remarkably, one of the engines on the Saturn V rocket's second stage inexplicably shut down. This unexpected shutdown mitigated the oscillations, stabilizing the rocket and saving the mission from a potentially disastrous fate.
While engineers and scientists may analyze this event through the lens of mechanical and computational systems, another perspective suggests a miraculous intervention, where a minor yet beneficial failure prevented a greater catastrophe.
Pogo Stick Economics: A New Perspective
Applying the Pogo Stick Effect to economics involves understanding how small, corrective disruptions can prevent larger systemic failures. This concept can be crucial for policymakers, businesses, and economists who navigate complex and often volatile economic landscapes.
Key Elements of Pogo Stick Economics:
Minor Failures as Precursors to Stability:
Just as the shutdown of an engine on Apollo 13 prevented a disaster, minor economic disruptions—such as small market corrections or regulatory adjustments—can prevent more significant economic collapses. These minor failures act as pressure relief valves, allowing the system to recalibrate and stabilize.
Dynamic Oscillations in Economics:
Economic systems, like rocket engines, are prone to oscillations. Market cycles, booms, and busts represent these oscillations. Understanding and anticipating these dynamics is crucial for creating policies that can absorb shocks and maintain stability.
Providential Interventions:
The Apollo 13 incident suggests that sometimes, unplanned or unexpected events—what some might call "acts of providence"—play a critical role in preventing disasters. In economics, this can be likened to sudden innovations, shifts in consumer behavior, or even geopolitical events that unexpectedly stabilize or destabilize markets.
Resilience through Flexibility:
Flexibility in economic policy and business strategy is essential for absorbing and responding to minor disruptions. This means creating adaptable systems that can adjust to new information and changing conditions without collapsing.
Risk Management and Redundancy:
The Apollo 13 mission highlighted the importance of redundancy in systems. Similarly, economic systems must have built-in redundancies—such as diverse investment portfolios, multiple revenue streams, and robust safety nets—to manage risks and ensure stability.
Examples in Economic Context
Financial Markets:
Stock Market Corrections: Periodic market corrections, where stock prices drop by a certain percentage, can prevent the formation of asset bubbles and ensure long-term market health. These corrections, although painful in the short term, prevent more significant economic crises.
Regulatory Interventions:
Interest Rate Adjustments: Central banks often adjust interest rates to control inflation and stabilize the economy. Small increases or decreases in interest rates can prevent runaway inflation or deflation, maintaining economic balance.
Technological Innovations:
Disruptive Technologies: Innovations such as the internet and renewable energy sources have periodically disrupted industries. While these disruptions cause short-term challenges, they lead to long-term economic growth and stability by fostering new industries and opportunities.
Conclusion
The story of Apollo 13 is not just a tale of survival but a powerful metaphor for economic resilience and stability. The Pogo Stick Effect, where minor failures prevent greater catastrophes, offers valuable insights for managing complex economic systems. By embracing flexibility, anticipating dynamic oscillations, and recognizing the potential of minor disruptions to stabilize larger systems, we can build more robust and resilient economies.
In a world of constant change and uncertainty, the principles of Pogo Stick Economics remind us that small, corrective actions—whether by design or providence—can make the difference between disaster and stability. Just as the unexpected shutdown of an engine saved Apollo 13, strategic and timely interventions in economic systems can ensure sustainable growth and prosperity for the future.

09/06/2024

Creating Hype for Your Product, Technology, or Innovation
Creating hype for a new product, technology, or innovation is crucial for capturing the market's attention, generating buzz, and driving early adoption. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to create and sustain hype:

1. Understand Your Target Audience
Identify Key Demographics: Understand who your target audience is, including age, gender, profession, and interests.
Research Their Needs: Identify the pain points and desires of your target audience to tailor your message to address these.
2. Develop a Compelling Narrative
Craft a Story: Develop a compelling story around your product. Highlight the problem it solves and the benefits it offers.
Unique Selling Proposition (USP): Clearly define what sets your product apart from competitors.
3. Leverage Social Proof
Beta Testing: Conduct a beta test with select users and gather testimonials.
Influencers and Endorsements: Collaborate with influencers and industry experts to validate your product.
4. Create Teasers and Pre-Launch Content
Sneak Peeks: Share glimpses of your product through teasers, images, and short videos.
Behind-the-Scenes: Show the development process, highlighting the effort and innovation behind the product.
5. Build Anticipation through Limited Information
Mystery and Curiosity: Release limited information to create curiosity. Use phrases like "Coming Soon" or "Stay Tuned".
Countdowns: Implement countdowns to the launch date on your website and social media platforms.
6. Engage on Social Media
Interactive Posts: Create polls, quizzes, and interactive posts to engage your audience.
User-Generated Content: Encourage users to share their expectations and excitement.
7. Leverage Media and Public Relations
Press Releases: Distribute press releases to major media outlets.
Exclusive Previews: Offer exclusive previews to journalists and bloggers.
8. Host Events and Webinars
Launch Event: Host a launch event to unveil your product. This can be physical or virtual.
Webinars: Conduct webinars to demonstrate the product's features and benefits.
9. Offer Pre-Orders and Early Access
Pre-Order Campaigns: Allow customers to pre-order the product before the official launch.
Early Access: Offer early access to a limited group of users.
10. Implement a Strategic Marketing Campaign
Email Marketing: Send out regular updates and teasers to your email list.
Content Marketing: Publish blog posts, articles, and whitepapers that highlight the product's benefits and uses.
Paid Advertising: Utilize paid ads on social media and search engines to reach a broader audience.
11. Create Viral Content
Challenges and Contests: Launch challenges and contests related to your product.
Shareable Content: Create content that is highly shareable and likely to go viral.
12. Analyze and Optimize
Monitor Engagement: Use analytics tools to monitor engagement and adjust your strategy accordingly.
Feedback Loop: Collect feedback and use it to improve both your product and marketing efforts.
Example Timeline for Creating Hype
3 Months Before Launch:

Begin teaser campaign.
Identify and reach out to influencers.
Start building email list.
2 Months Before Launch:

Release sneak peeks and behind-the-scenes content.
Start beta testing with select users.
Send out press releases.
1 Month Before Launch:

Announce launch date with a countdown.
Ramp up social media engagement.
Offer pre-orders and early access.
Launch Week:

Host launch event.
Maximize media coverage.
Engage with audience through live Q&A sessions.
Post-Launch:

Maintain engagement through updates and new content.
Gather and showcase user reviews and testimonials.
Continue to refine marketing based on feedback and performance data.
By following these steps, you can effectively create and sustain hype for your product, technology, or innovation, ensuring a successful launch and strong market presence.

05/06/2024

After beginning this in 1984, everyone doubted it could be done.

05/06/2024

Bartender Intel: Dirty Martini. Deep Insight Series: Phloretic acid is a type of phenolic acid that is found in some fruits and vegetables, such as apples, pears, and strawberries. It is also present in olives and in certain types of alcoholic beverages, including gin and vermouth and which are commonly used to make a Dirty Martini. Shaken or Stirred?
Studies have shown that phloretic acid has a range of potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the ability to lower blood glucose levels and promote insulin sensitivity.
However, it is important to note that a Dirty Martini contains alcohol, although the phloretic acid in a Dirty Martini may have potential health benefits, it is important to consume alcohol in moderation. Validates what I published a decade ago regarding bacteria and their complex role. Eat more plants for influenza resilience Antibiotic treatment worsens influenza in mice, possibly because the concomitant loss of the microbiota interrupts the production of bioactive metabolites. Steed et al. found that a microbial product, desaminotyrosine (DAT), produced by an obligate clostridial anaerobe from the digestion of plant flavonoids, is beneficial during influenza. DAT enters the bloodstream and triggers type I interferon signaling, which then augments antiviral responses by phagocytic cells. Without DAT, influenza virus causes inflammation and severe disease. Abstract
The microbiota is known to modulate the host response to influenza infection through as-yet-unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that components of the microbiota exert effects through type I interferon (IFN), a hypothesis supported by analysis of influenza in a gain-of-function genetic mouse model. Here we show that a microbially associated metabolite, desaminotyrosine (DAT), protects from influenza through augmentation of type I IFN signaling and diminution of lung immunopathology. A specific human-associated gut microbe, Clostridium orbiscindens, produced DAT and rescued antibiotic-treated influenza-infected mice. DAT protected the host by priming the amplification loop of type I IFN signaling. These findings show that specific components of the enteric microbiota have distal effects on responses to lethal infections through modulation of type I IFN.
Agent .007 the fine structure constant writes: The Science Behind Shaking or Stirring a Dirty Martini
The preparation of a dirty martini, whether shaken or stirred, involves a series of scientific principles that affect its final taste, texture, and appearance. Understanding these principles can help elucidate why different techniques yield different results.
Ingredients and Basic Recipe
A dirty martini typically consists of the following ingredients:
Gin or Vodka: The base spirit.
Dry Vermouth: A fortified wine infused with botanicals.
Olive Brine: The "dirty" element, providing a salty, savory flavor.
Ice: Used for chilling and diluting the drink.

Key Scientific Principles

Dilution
Purpose: Dilution balances the alcohol content, making the martini smoother and more palatable.
Process: As ice melts during shaking or stirring, it dilutes the drink. Shaking typically leads to more dilution than stirring due to the more vigorous agitation and the breaking of ice cubes.

Temperature
Purpose: Chilling the drink enhances flavor and mouthfeel.
Process: Both shaking and stirring cool the liquid by transferring heat from the drink to the ice. Shaking usually results in a colder martini because it maximizes the surface area contact between the ice and the liquid.

Aeration
Purpose: Incorporating air changes the texture and mouthfeel of the drink.
Process: Shaking introduces more air into the mixture, creating tiny bubbles that result in a frothy texture and a slightly cloudy appearance. Stirring, being a gentler method, minimizes aeration and results in a clearer, silkier martini.

Emulsification
Purpose: Ensures the olive brine is evenly distributed throughout the drink.
Process: Shaking better emulsifies the ingredients, ensuring a uniform flavor profile with each sip. Stirring can result in a less consistent distribution of the brine.

Shaking vs. Stirring
Shaking
Pros:
Greater dilution, which can soften the alcohol's harshness.
Colder temperature, enhancing the refreshing quality of the martini.
Better emulsification of the olive brine, leading to a more consistent "dirty" flavor.
Cons:
Increased aeration can lead to a cloudy appearance.
Potentially over-dilutes the drink, affecting the intended balance of flavors.
Stirring
Pros:
Less dilution, preserving the strength and complexity of the base spirit.
Minimal aeration, resulting in a clearer drink.
Smoother texture, with a more sophisticated mouthfeel.
Cons:
Less efficient at emulsifying the brine, potentially leading to an uneven distribution of flavor.
May not achieve as cold a temperature as shaking.
Practical Considerations
Personal Preference: Some drinkers prefer the slightly cloudy, colder, and more uniformly flavored profile of a shaken dirty martini, while others appreciate the clarity, strength, and smooth texture of a stirred one.
Glassware: The type of glass can affect the perception of the drink's temperature and dilution. A martini glass, with its wide surface area, allows for rapid warming, which might be more noticeable with a less-diluted, stirred martini.
Conclusion
The choice between shaking and stirring a dirty martini hinges on understanding and manipulating dilution, temperature, aeration, and emulsification. Shaking tends to produce a colder, more diluted, and consistently flavored drink with a cloudier appearance, while stirring results in a clearer, stronger, and smoother martini with potentially uneven brine distribution. Ultimately, the preferred method depends on individual taste and the desired drinking experience.

03/06/2024

My latest story and theme The Earth Passes Through a Milky Way Magnetic Field line. The Earth is bombarded with ions and cosmic ray particles which follow the line, especially since the Sun's Mag field is weak at that moment. Not only that other types of bodies bombard the solar system. This is to introduce my new and greater and practical Magnetic Field Theory and Revelation

31/05/2024

In my story there is a mysterious figure known as Deep Insight, that periodically provides deep and profound insight.

30/05/2024

Motor City Oil Engine: A Revolutionary Low RPM Multi-Fuel Power Solution Abstract The Motor City Oil Engine represents a significant advancement in internal combustion engine technology. This innovative low RPM engine is designed to operate efficiently on a wide variety of fuels, including used cooking oil, used motor oil, crude oil, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, and even peanut oil. With its robust and versatile design, the Motor City Oil Engine is capable of charging electric cars, powering homes, and serving as an emergency tractor engine. This paper explores the engine's design, functionality, and potential applications, highlighting its simplicity, reliability, and broad fuel compatibility.

Introduction
The need for versatile, efficient, and reliable power sources is ever-growing in today's world. Traditional internal combustion engines typically require refined fuels and are prone to wear and tear, necessitating frequent maintenance and part replacements. The Motor City Oil Engine, however, offers a groundbreaking solution that addresses these limitations. By utilizing a unique design and materials, this engine can run on various fuels, including those that are usually considered waste. This adaptability not only enhances sustainability but also provides a cost-effective power solution for diverse applications.

Engine Design and Functionality
Low RPM Operation
The Motor City Oil Engine operates at low revolutions per minute (RPM), which reduces wear and tear, increases longevity, and improves fuel efficiency. Low RPM engines are particularly suited for applications where continuous, steady power is required, such as electric car charging and home power generation.

Multi-Fuel Capability
The engine's design allows it to run on a wide array of fuels:

Used Cooking Oil and Motor Oil: Recycling waste oils into fuel reduces environmental impact and provides a sustainable energy source.

Crude Oil and Diesel: These common fuels are readily available and provide robust energy outputs.

Gasoline and Kerosene: Conventional fuels ensure that the engine can be operated in diverse settings with readily available resources.

Alcohol and Peanut Oil: Renewable biofuels offer an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels.
Simplified Design
One of the most remarkable features of the Motor City Oil Engine is its simplicity. The engine consists of fewer parts than traditional engines, which minimizes potential points of failure and reduces maintenance costs. Key components include:

Robust Pistons and Cylinders: Designed to handle various fuel types without significant wear.

Efficient Fuel Injection System: Optimizes combustion for different fuels, ensuring efficient energy conversion.
Durable Crankshaft and Bearings: Built to withstand continuous low RPM operation.

Applications

Electric Car Charging
The Motor City Oil Engine can serve as a reliable generator for electric car charging stations, especially in areas where the electrical grid is unreliable or unavailable. By using locally available fuels, the engine provides a continuous power supply, ensuring that electric vehicles remain operational.

Home Power Generation
In residential settings, the engine can power homes, offering a dependable alternative to traditional power sources. Its ability to run on waste oils and renewable biofuels makes it an eco-friendly choice for off-grid living or emergency backup power.

Agricultural Use
The engine's robust design makes it suitable for agricultural machinery, such as tractors. In remote areas where refined fuels may be scarce, the ability to run on locally sourced oils and biofuels ensures that farming operations can continue without interruption.

Potential Impact and Benefits
Sustainability
By utilizing waste oils and biofuels, the Motor City Oil Engine promotes recycling and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. This not only decreases environmental pollution but also supports the circular economy.

Cost-Effectiveness
The engine's ability to operate on inexpensive and readily available fuels lowers operational costs. Its simplified design reduces maintenance expenses, making it an economical choice for various applications.

Reliability and Versatility
The Motor City Oil Engine's robust construction and multi-fuel capability ensure reliable performance in diverse environments. Whether powering electric cars, homes, or agricultural equipment, the engine delivers consistent and dependable energy.

Conclusion
The Motor City Oil Engine represents a significant leap forward in internal combustion engine technology. Its low RPM operation, multi-fuel capability, and simplified design make it a versatile and reliable power solution. By embracing sustainability and cost-effectiveness, this engine has the potential to revolutionize power generation for electric vehicles, homes, and agricultural machinery. As the world moves towards more sustainable energy solutions, the Motor City Oil Engine stands out as a remarkable innovation with wide-ranging applications and benefits.

28/05/2024

Cleopatra and the Goddess Isis have a message for you September 25th Dendera Zodiac

23/05/2024

A gallon of waste cooking oil has 35.17 kWh of energy Value based on Cost=35.17kWh×$0.13per kWh= $4.57

23/05/2024

What engine can burn peanut butter? I posted about it...

23/05/2024

Detroit Motor City Reports: The Resurgence Title: The Versatile and Enduring Potential of Crude Oil Engines

Introduction:
In the realm of internal combustion engines, the crude oil engine stands out for its remarkable versatility and durability. Much like the hot bulb engine, the crude oil engine can operate on a wide variety of fuels, ranging from engine waste oil to vegetable oils, and even unconventional substances like peanut butter. Historically used as stationary engines or in marine applications, crude oil engines have demonstrated an impressive capacity for long-term operation. This article explores the potential of crude oil engines, their historical significance, and their enduring relevance in modern times.

Historical Significance:
The crude oil engine, a type of internal combustion engine, emerged during a period when versatility and reliability were paramount. These engines were particularly valued for their ability to run on various oils, making them highly adaptable to different fuel sources. At the 1906 World Fair in Milan, a FRAM crude oil engine was started and continued to run for over a year, showcasing its extraordinary endurance and reliability.

Design and Operation:
Crude oil engines operate similarly to hot bulb engines. They are low RPM engines designed for continuous running, which contributes to their longevity and consistent performance. The engine's ability to use a range of fuels is due to its robust and flexible design. Unlike modern high-speed engines that require specific fuel types, crude oil engines can combust thicker, less refined oils. This adaptability makes them suitable for various applications, especially in regions where refined fuels are scarce or expensive.

Fuel Versatility:
One of the most compelling features of crude oil engines is their fuel versatility. They can be powered by:

Engine Waste Oil: Recycling waste oil as fuel is both economical and environmentally beneficial, reducing waste and lowering operating costs.
Vegetable Oils: Renewable and readily available, vegetable oils provide a sustainable fuel option that can be produced locally.
Peanut Butter: In extreme cases, unconventional fuels like peanut butter demonstrate the engine's robustness and flexibility.
Other Oils: Various other oils, including crude oil, fish oil, and animal fats, can be used to power these engines.
Applications and Longevity:
Historically, crude oil engines were commonly used as stationary engines in industrial settings and as marine engines in boats and ships. Their low RPM operation and ability to run continuously for extended periods made them ideal for these applications. Proper maintenance is crucial for their longevity, but with regular care, these engines can last for decades. Their durability and reliability are especially valuable in remote or harsh environments where maintenance resources may be limited.

Modern Relevance:
Despite the advent of more advanced and specialized engines, crude oil engines retain significant potential in today's world. Their ability to utilize a wide range of fuels makes them attractive for use in developing regions, disaster relief efforts, and off-grid applications. Additionally, as the world seeks more sustainable and resilient energy solutions, the crude oil engine's capacity to run on renewable oils positions it as a valuable asset in the transition to greener technologies.

Conclusion:
The crude oil engine, with its historical significance and unique capabilities, offers a versatile and durable solution for various energy needs. Its ability to run on diverse fuels, combined with its longevity and reliability, make it an enduring technology with potential applications in modern and future contexts. As we continue to explore sustainable and resilient energy solutions, the crude oil engine's adaptability and robustness remain relevant, providing a bridge between traditional engineering and contemporary energy challenges.

23/05/2024

Detroit Motor City Reports: The Hot Bulb Engine: Principles and Operation
Introduction
The hot bulb engine, also known as a semi-diesel or surface-ignition engine, represents a significant technological development in the history of internal combustion engines. These engines were widely used in the early 20th century, particularly in maritime and agricultural applications, due to their ability to run on a variety of low-grade fuels and their relatively simple design. This paper explores the principles of operation, design features, and historical significance of the hot bulb engine.

Principles of Operation
Basic Mechanism
The hot bulb engine operates on the principle of surface ignition, wherein the fuel is ignited by coming into contact with a hot surface, rather than by a spark plug or through direct compression ignition. The core components of the hot bulb engine include the following:

Hot Bulb: A pre-combustion chamber made of heat-resistant material that maintains high temperatures.
Fuel Injection System: Delivers fuel into the hot bulb.
Combustion Chamber: The main cylinder where combustion occurs, driving the piston.
Piston and Crankshaft: Converts the energy from combustion into mechanical work.
Cycle of Operation
Intake Stroke: Air is drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves downward.
Compression Stroke: The air in the cylinder is compressed as the piston moves upward. At the same time, a small amount of fuel is injected into the hot bulb.
Ignition and Power Stroke: The fuel in the hot bulb ignites due to the high temperature of the bulb's surface. The expanding gases then force the piston downward, generating power.
Exhaust Stroke: The piston moves upward again, expelling the combustion gases through the exhaust valve.
Key Design Features
Hot Bulb
The hot bulb is the distinguishing feature of this engine. It is typically pre-heated before starting the engine, often using a blowtorch or other external heat source. Once the engine is running, the heat generated from combustion maintains the bulb at the necessary temperature for continuous operation.

Fuel Versatility
One of the most significant advantages of the hot bulb engine is its ability to run on a variety of fuels, including kerosene, diesel, vegetable oils, and even crude oil. This versatility is due to the engine's design, which does not rely on the precise properties of the fuel for ignition.

Simple Construction
Hot bulb engines are mechanically simple, with fewer moving parts compared to contemporary internal combustion engines. This simplicity contributes to their durability and ease of maintenance, which were crucial advantages in the early 20th century, especially in remote or rugged environments.

Historical Significance
The hot bulb engine was particularly popular in the maritime and agricultural sectors from the late 19th century until the mid-20th century. It was used in fishing boats, tractors, and stationary engines for powering machinery. The engine's robustness and ability to operate on low-quality fuels made it ideal for these applications.

One notable example of the hot bulb engine's reliability is its use in the Norwegian-built FRAM engine, which was started at the 1906 World Fair in Milan and ran continuously for over a year, demonstrating its endurance and low-maintenance operation.

Modern Relevance
While hot bulb engines have largely been replaced by more efficient and powerful diesel engines, they remain of interest for specific applications and historical study. Their ability to run on a variety of fuels and their simple, robust design provide valuable insights into sustainable engineering practices. Additionally, they serve as a reminder of the ingenuity in early engine design, laying the groundwork for future advancements in internal combustion technology.

Conclusion
The hot bulb engine is a fascinating and historically significant example of early internal combustion engine technology. Its principle of surface ignition, combined with a robust and simple design, allowed it to operate reliably on a wide range of fuels. Although largely obsolete today, the hot bulb engine's legacy continues to inform and inspire sustainable engineering solutions. Understanding its operation and historical context provides valuable lessons in versatility, durability, and innovation in mechanical engineering.

23/05/2024

Saving Whales & Horses , Coal & Combustion Engines - The History of Oil starts in Detroit 1860's , The average production of the above five refineries is 100 barrels per day, which could be nearly doubled by running night and day. The quantity refined in Detroit within the last year will amount to about $450,000; the quantity sold will greatly exceed that amount, as there are numerous agencies for Eastern manufacturers, the sales of which are very nearly equal to the quantity manufactured here. The total amount of petroleum oils sold in Detroit will exceed $800,000. There is every probability that before another year the manufacturers of Detroit will be able to supply a sufficient quantity of oil to meet the demands of the State.

The crude oil which is refined in Detroit is brought from Pennsylvania, as it is found to be so much easier to deodorize than the Canadian, or Inniskillen petroleum, that manufacturers prefer to send some two hundred or three hundred miles for the crude Pennsylvania oil, in preference to using that which is at our doors, comparatively speaking.

The great difficulty with regard to the Canadian oil is its intolerable odor, making the cost of deodorizing so great that virtually there is none of it refined in any of the Western States. As yet, no cheap method has been discovered for deodorizing the Innis. killen oil, and until some cheaper method o deodorizing it is discovered than that usually adopted, there is little chance of the Canadian petroleum being made available for the American market.

Oil produced in Detroit is equal to that produced in any other market, and as the manufacturers find it to their interests to produce a superior article, the public may rest assured that the Detroit manufacturers will maintain their present enviable reputation. In the distillation of Pennsylvania Petroleum there is a large quantity of naptha produced. Lately naptha has been considerably used instead of turpentine for mixing with printers' ink, paints, varnishes, &c., &c. The article as sold in Detroit is very inferior, as it is sold without being in the least purified or deodorized. The consequence is, that instead of taking the place of turpentine for all purposes, it has only been us d for coarse painting and outside work.

With a little care it can be deodorized completely, when it in limpid as water and as free from oder as alcohol deodorized,it enters
extensively into commerce as benzoine, much used for removing dirt, grease, tar, paint, &c. from clothing, and as a solvent for India rubber, gutta percha, shellac, capal, &c. We hope that our oil refiners will see that it is to their advantage to purify and deodorize the naptha before it is put on the market. When that is the case there will be no difficulty in the use of it in place of turpentine, as the chemical constituents are the same only in varying proportions.

The oil trade of Detroit is yet in its infancy. before another year the quantity produced in Detroit will be doubled and may be trebled. The use of petroleum oil is becoming universal, as it is cheaper by one hundred per cent. than any illuminating agent yet discovered.

The value of the oil refined in Detroit within the last year was about $450,000-a very respectable item of our domestic manufactures.

How coal saved the Whales! And combustion engines saved horses! Oil has now assumed an important position in the commerce of the country, being extensively used in almost every part of the Union. It has had already considerable effect on the price of whale oil, so much so indeed, that whaling has become an unprofitable business, and the ships heretofore employed in capturing the monarchs of the finny tribe, lie rotting at their wharves, or are used for obstructing the harbors of the rebellious South. The absence of demand for lard oil has had an unfavorable influence on the price of pork, and contributed to bring it down, to the present low rate. The price of whisky has also been effected by it, both whisky and lard having been used extensively in combination with spirits of turpentine in the manufacture of burning fluid. It was at first thought that this oil could not be made sufficiently cheap to compete with other oils, and the failure of several companies engaged in its manufacture, seemed to justify that supposition, but perseverance is generally rewarded with success, and this manufacture is now carried on successfully not only in Pennsylvania but in Michigan, and as an illuminating material it is rapidly gaining favor, great numbers of lamps suited for consuming it, being now disposed of in every city and village in the State.

The average yield of crude oil is said to be nearly 60 gallons per ton of coal, and the cost for making is about five cents per gallon. The principal expense in the manufacture is in the process of of refining, about sixty per cent of the crude oil remaining after that operation. Of course the manufacture can be most profitably carried near eil wells, or oil bearing minerals, but Detroit possesses so many advantages of communication with various places that is a first rate site for refineries.

Petroleum is now finding a market in England, and an analysis of it by London Chemists shows that one hundred parts of it consists of:

Light Naptha.... 20%

Heavy Naptha... 50%

Heavy Lubricating Oil... 22%
Tar. 5%

Carbon........ 1%

Loss............................. 2%

The present wholesale price of refined petroleum in England is three shillings British per American gallon, and the price of unrefined is one shilling. It is probable that the price of the crude oil will advance, the margin for the refiners being at present too great. It is probable that abundance of coal and rock oil exists in Michigan awaiting discovery and development. There is no danger of the refined oil becoming a drug in the market, as after supplying the home demand the surplus will always find a ready market in England. Shipments of petroleum are now being made from New York to the West Indies, and one vessel lately took out 27,000 gallons of this oil to Melbourne, Australia.
At the time of making our last annual report there was only one oil refinery in operation in Detroit; now there are five, as follows:
J. H. Harmon & Co., 3 stills produce 25 barrels per day.
A. Burtis & Co.,
Harding,
Jas. Fisher
E. Delaney & Bro.,

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