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FUTURISTIC NURSING SCOPE


INTRODUCT

ION:-

Nursing is a profession with good career opportunities that change and reflect the society in which nurses live. There are numerous trends within nursing that are likely to continue and blossom in the years ahead. Patricia Benner (2000,p 35) predicted that in the new millennium nurses will be doing more in the community but also will continue to be even more integral to the provision of intensive care that will increasingly be the focus of hospital care. Nursing has a chance to grow and develop its vision for practice and education. The rapid changes in the health care delivery and changing population demographics have affected supply and demand of nurses. The future will require effective identification and planning for personnel needs. According to occupational outlook guide, the nursing profession is one of the fastest growing of all career paths. NURSING IN THE 21ST CENTURY:-

For the nursing graduate, the future holds numerous social, political and technological changes. The coming changes will shape nursing into a stronger and more effacious profession if nursing prepares itself for future predicted trends. During the 21st century, societies will continue to move towards globalization, with an increased sharing of products, attitudes and financial investments. The clients may be more likely to combine conventional therapies with complementary healing techniques, such as homeopathy, neuropathy, therapeutic touch, reflexology, acupressure, aromatherapy, and nutritional therapy. Sibbold and other experts on nursing and health care also predict the following:-

Neighborhood will employ nurses who will work in 24 hour nurse managed clinics. Nurse Practitioners will cross medical threshold to provide services usually provided by physicians. Nurse therapists and nurse entrepreneurs will provide numerous services to the clients and their families. Hospital stays will be exceedingly short and early discharge will become more important. Nurses will be strong and autonomous practitioners whose practice and care delivery focuses much more on health than illness. FUTURE TRENDS IN NURSING:-

Nursing is not a static, unchanging profession but is continuously growing and changing as society changes, as health care emphasis and methods change, as lifestyles change and as nurses themselves changes. The current philosophies and definitions of nursing demonstrates the holistic trends in nursing- to address the whole person in all dimension in health and illness, and in interaction with the family and community. Nursing continues to draw on the social sciences and other fields as the focus of nursing care expands. Expansion of employment opportunities:-
Nursing practice trends include a variety of employment settings in which nurses have greater independence, autonomy and respect as a member of health care team. Nursing roles continue to expand and develop, broadening the focus of nursing care and providing a more holistic and all encompassing domain. Nursing’s public perception:-
Nursing is a pivotal health care profession : as frontline health care providers, nurses practice in all health care settings and constitutes the largest number of professionals. Nurses are essential to provide skilled, specialized, knowledgeable care; to improve the health status of the public; and to ensure safe , effective quality care. Nursing’s impact on politics and health policy:-
The ability to influence or persuade an individual holding a government office to affect a desired outcome is known as political power or influence. Nurse’s involvement in politics is receiving greater emphasis in nursing curricula, professional organizations, and health care settings. TRENDS IN FUTURISTIC NURSING



Service(practice) education






Practice (nursing care) Research Administration



Clinical nurse specialist {C.N.S}

Nurse practitioner {N.P} academic administration
Adult nurse practitioner
Family nurse practitioner Master’s education
Acute care nurse practitioner
Doctoral programs in nursing
Geriatric nurse practitioner
Bachelor of Science in management/
Pediatric nurse practitioner health care. Women’s health nurse practitioner Certificate in Forensic Nursing

Certificate in legal nurse consulting
Certified nurse midwife (C.N.M.) MSN/ Masters of business
Certified registered nurse anesthetist (C.R.N.A.) Master’s of science in nursing/
Master’s of health administration
Mobile nursing
MSN/ Health care Education

Space nursing Certified nurse practitioner

Licensed practical nurse
Arrow nursing






TRENDS IN FUTURISTIC NURSING

I. SERVICE {PRACTICE}:-
Innovations in health care, expanding health care systems and practice settings, and the increasing needs of clients have been a stimulus for new nursing roles are specific employment positions or paths. Because of increasing educational opportunities for nurses, the growth of nursing as a profession, and a greater concern for job enrichment, the nursing profession offers expanded roles and different kinds of career opportunities. It includes three broader areas:-
o Practice (nursing care)
o Research
o Administration

PRACTICE(NURSING CARE):-
Graduate education prepares nurses for advanced practice in a variety of specialized roles in primary, secondary and tertiary settings. The advanced practice nurse [APN] is an umbrella term for the registered nurse who has met advanced education and clinical practice requirements. This covers four principle types of APN’s. They are:-

1) Clinical Nurse Specialist:-
The C.N.S is an Advanced Practice Nurse with nursing expertise in a specialized area of practice and may work in any practice setting. may also assume administrative and management roles. should have following eight characteristics:-
• Clinical judgment
• Clinical enquiry
• Facilitator of learning
• Collaboration
• Systems thinking
• Advocacy or moral agency
• Caring practices
• Response to diversity

Eligibility requirements vary somewhat from specialty to specialty. functions as an expert clinician, educator, case manager, consultant and researcher to plan and improve quality of care provided to the client and family.

2) Nurse Practitioner :-
Nurse Practitioner provides health care to clients usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community based setting. Nurse Practitioner provides care to the clients with complex problems and provide a more holistic approach, attending to symptoms of non-pathologic conditions, comfort and comprehensiveness of care. Nurse Practitioner have legal authority to implement patient management by ordering diagnostic tests and treatments and prescribing medications. a) Adult nurse practitioner (A.N.P.):- provides primary, ambulatory care to adults with a non-emergent acute or chronic illness and in some settings tertiary care. The role includes case management, consultation, leadership, education, research and health policy development. b) Family Nurse Practitioner (F.N.P):- provides primary ambulatory care for families, usually in collaboration with a family care physician. The F.N.P. meets the families health care needs, manages some illness by providing direct care, and guides or counsels the family as needed. c) Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (A.C.N.P):- is a registered nurse with a graduate degree in nursing who is prepared for advanced practice using a collaborative model to provide direct services to adult patients who are acutely or critically ill in a variety of setting such as hospital or speciality clinic. The A.C.N.P. is a generalist, usually based in internal medicine, focusing on the care of the hospitalized patient. d) Geriatric Nurse Practitioner(G.N.P.):- G.N.P. is an A.N.P. with specialization in the care of older adult. G.N.P’s are trained in the specialized needs of the ageing adults, with emphasis on health promotion, health maintenance and functional status. Age of the client is usually 65 and older. e) Pediatric Nurse Practitioner(P.N.P.):- P.N.P. provides specialty care for children from birth to 21 years of age. P.N.P’s practice in hospital ambulatory care, emergency care and physicians offices. f) Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner(W.H.N.P.):- provides ambulatory care to women seeking obstetrical and gynecological health care.


3) Certified Nurse Midwife(C.N.M) :-
C.N.M. is a registered nurse who has advanced educational preparation in midwifery which includes theory and extensive supervised clinical experiences in prenatal care, management of labor and delivery, post partum care of the mother and the infant, family planning, pap smears and treatment for vaginal infections. A C.N.M. practices with a health care agency that provides medical consultation, collaborative management and referral. C.N.M. practices in all 50 states in the United States, Great Britain, Canada in hospitals and in birthing centers and in the home, but it has not yet started in India.

4) Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (C.R.N.A) :-
A C.R.N.A. is a registered nurse who has advanced educational preparation, including classroom and Laboratory instruction and supervised clinical practice in the delivery of anesthesia to client in a variety of practice settings, including hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, birthing centers and clinics. A C.R.N.A. takes care of patient’s anesthesia needs before, during and after surgery. The role includes:-
• Performing physical assessment
• Participating in pre operative teaching
• Preparing for anesthetic management
• Maintaining anesthesia intra operatively
• Overseeing recovery from anesthesia
• Following the patients post operative course from recovery room to patient care unit. OTHER AREAS FOR PRACTICE IN SERVICE

MOBILE NURSING :- mobile nursing is a service agency that provides home teaching and care for patients with varied needs and health problems.
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BENEFICIARIES OF MOBILE NURSING:-

Patients discharged early from hospitals. Patients suffering from chronic and acute medical problems. Surgical patients. Patients requiring I.V. therapy. The elderly
Respiratory patients. The seriously ill. Patients in need of medication management (including pain control)
Hospice concept
Ventilator dependent
Assistance with bathing, dressing, meals, transportation, light housekeeping

SPACE NURSING :- Space Nursing provides a forum for the discussion and exploration of issues related to nursing in space and its impact upon the understanding of earth bound nursing through conference participation. Cardiac monitors originated with space program. Ultrasound studies assessing bone loss in astronauts abroad the space station could help nurses better care for patients with osteoporosis. FUNCTIONS OF SPACE NURSING :-
Evaluate emergency plans. Use of medications in space. Telemedicine opportunities. Performing surgery in space. Developing a condition database to evaluate the risk of certain accidents or illness during a flight. ARROW NURSING :- services provided by arrow nursing are :-

Administration and stoppage of blood services. Clinical laboratory services. Activities services
Dental services
House keeping services
Mental health services
Nursing services
Occupational therapy services
Pharmacy services
Physical therapy
Physician services
Social work services
Speech/ language pathology services
Diagnostic X-ray services

RESEARCH:-
Research is directed towards building a body of nursing knowledge about “human responses to actual or potential health problems”. The vision for nursing in the 21st century is the development of scientific knowledge base that enables nurses to implement on evidence based practice. Evidence Based Practice incorporates critical thinking and research utilization competencies. It stresses the use of research findings, and as appropriate, quality improvement data and affirmed experiences to support a specific practice. AIM OF RESEARCH IN FUTURE:-
To create a research culture. Provide high quality educational programme to prepare a workforce of nurse scientist. Develop a sound research infrastructure. Obtain sufficient funding for essential research.