03/08/2023
This may help. Keep this for further reading. PRC goals.
BEHAVIORISM β change
ESSENTIALISM β basic
EXISTENTIALISM β choice
HUMANISM β build
IDEALISM β enough in mind
PERRENIALISM β constant
PRAGMATISM - practice (T&E)
PROGRESSIVISM β improve
REALISM β enough to see
UTILITARIANISM - best
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM β benefit of all
AIMS OF ERAS
PRE-SPANISH β survival and conformity
SPANISH β Christianity
AMERICAN β democratic ideals and way of life
COMMONWEALTH β moral character, efficiency
JAPANESE β progress
PROF. ED PROPONENTS
B.F. SKINNER β Operant Conditioning
BANDURA β Modeling
BANDURA & WALLACE β Social Learning
CARL JUNG β Psychological
CONFUCIUS β Education for all, Golden Rule
EDWARD THORNDIKE β Connectionism
ERICK ERIKSON β Psychosocial
IVAN PAVLOV β Classical Conditioning
JEAN PIAGET β Cognitive
FROEBEL - Father of Kndrgrtn
PEZTALLOZI β realia, Froebelβs protΓ©gΓ©
JEROME BRUNER β Instrumental Conceptualism
JOHN DEWEY β learning by doing
JOHN LOCKE β Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
KOHLERS β Insight Learning
LAURENCE KOHLBERG β Moral Development
LEV VGOTSKY β Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
SIGMUND FREUD β Psychosexual
WILLIAM SHELDON β Physiological
PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION
HEDONISM β pleasure principle
DOUBLE EFFECT β sacrifice for the good or bad
FORMAL COOPERATION β cooperation with will
LESSER EVIL β choice of the less one from two bad things
MATERIAL COOPERATION β cooperation without will
FREUDβS PSYCHOSEXUAL/PSYCHOA**LYTICAL THEORY
1. ORAL (0-1 yrs. old) β Infant
2. A**L (1-3 yrs. old) β Toddler
3. PH***IC β Preschool
4. LATENCY β School Age
5. GE***AL β Adolescense
OEDIPUS β son to mom
ELECTRA β daughter to dad
LAWS IN EDUCATION
PRC BR 435 β Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
PD 1006 β Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 β inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 β βMagna Carta for Public School Teacherβ
RA 7722 β CHED
RA 7796 β βTESDA Act of 1994β
RA 7836 β Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 β BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 β Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 β K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 β βPrivate School Lawβ
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 β βpersons in authorityβ
KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7 - PILIPINO NatlLng
PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
PROKLAMA BLG. 186 β Linggo ng Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 β Buwan ng Wika (Ramos)
PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 β ESTACS
RA 1079 β no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 β βFree Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988β
RA 6728 β βAct Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 β Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 β Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 β establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 β βAnti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995β
RA 7880 β βFair and Equitable Access to Education Actβ
RA 8049 β Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 β Paternity Act
RA 10627 β Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 β FILIPINO (National Language)
BRUNERβS THREE MODES OF REPRESENTATION
1. ENACTIVE (0-1 yrs. old) β action-based information
2. ICONIC (1-6 yrs. old) β image-based information
3. SYMBOLIC (7+) β code/symbols such as language
TAXONOMY OF OBJECTIVES
COGNITIVE:
BLOOM (LOTS) ANDERSON (HOTS)
o Knowledge
o Comprehension
o Application
o Analysis
o Synthesis
o Evaluation o Remembering
o Understanding
o Applying
o Analyzing
o Evaluating
o Creating
AFFECTIVE:
o Receiving
o Responding
o Valuing
o Organizing
o Characterization
PSYCHOMOTOR:
SIMPSON HARROW
o Perception
o Set
o Guided Response
o Mechanism
o Complex Overt Response
o Adaptation
o Origination o Reflex movement
o Fundamental Movement
o Physical Movement
o Perceptual Abilities
o Skilled Movements
o Non-discursive communication
DALES CONE OF EXPERIENCE
Read
Hear
Picture
Video
Exhibit
Demonstration
Collaborative Work
Simulation
Real thing
ERIKSONβS PSYCHOSOCIAL TASKS
1. TRUST VS. MISTRUST (0-12 months)
2. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME/DOUBT (1-3 years old)
3. INITIATIVE VS. GUILT (3-6 years old)
4. INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY (6-12 years old)
5. INDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION (12-18 years old)
6. INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION (early 20s-early 40s
7. GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION (40s-mid 60s)
8. INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR (mid 60s-death)
PIAGETβS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
1. SENSORY β senses
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL - imagination
3. CONCRETE 4. FORMAL
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
1. VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956)
2. TRANSISTORS (1956-1963)
3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971)
4. MICROPROCESSORS (1971-present)
5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (present-future)
MISTAKEN GOALS
1. ATTENTION SEEKER β βteacher, notice meβ
2. REVENGE β βteacher, I am hurtβ
3. POWER-SEEKING β βteacher, may I help?β
4. INADEQUACY β βteacher, donβt give up on meβ
5. WITHDRAWAL β βteacher, please help meβ
KOHLBERGβS THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
LEVEL 1: PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order
LEVEL 3: POST-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles
CENTRAL TENDENCY -Central (middle location) Tendency
MEAN β Average MODE β most occurring
RANGE β highest score minus lowest score
LOW SDβHomogenous, scores near to mean(almost same)
HIGH SD β Heterogenous, scores far to mean (scattered)
DECILE β 10 grps (D1β¦D10) QUARTILE β 4 grps (Q1β¦Q4)
SUSPENSION β time REVOKATION β condition
DIFFICULTY INDEX
0-0.20 VERY DIFFICULT
0.21-0.40 DIFFICULT
0.41-0.60 MODERATELY DIFFICULT
0.61-0.80 EASY
0.81-1.00 VERY EASY
POSITIVELY SKEWED (LEFT FOOT)
- low scores, mean greater than mode
NEGATIVELY SKEWED (RIGHT FOOT)
- high scores, mean is lower than mode
HORN/HALO EFFECT
- overcoming other trait, either bad/good
GENERAL EDUCATION
FILIPINO/ENGLISH:
MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA
1. BOW-WOW βkalikasan at hayop
2. DING-DONG β bagay
3. POOH-POOH β masidhing damdamin
4. YOHEHO β pwersang pisikal
FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES
BENVENIDO SANTOS β American Culture Writings
DANIEL DEFOE β βRobinson Crusoenβ (novel)
EDILBERTO TIEMPO β made βCry Slaughterβ that has been
translated many times
ERNEST HEMINGWAY β Ring Lardner Jr.
JOSE GARCIA VILLA β βComma Poetβ, Dove G. Lion
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE - Masterpiece is
βDon Quixoteβ that is most influential
NICK JOAQUIN β Quijano de Manila
β Spanish Culture Writing
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ β made βDead Starsβ that is the 1st
modern English short story
SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS β Mark Twain
- βAdventures of Tom Sawyerβ
- βAdventures of Huckleberry Finnβ (best novel)
SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap
PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS
ANDRES BONIFACIO β May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
ANTONIO LUNA β Taga-Ilog
EMILIO AGUINALDO - Magdalo
EMILIO JACINTO β Di Masilaw, Tingkian
GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA β Diego Laura
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN Β¬β JoMaPa
JOSE RIZAL β Dimas alang, Laon laan
JUAN LUNA β Buan
MARCELO DEL PILAR β Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,
Piping Dilat
MARIANO PONCE β Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),
Kalipulako
MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
WALANG PAKSA:
1. EKSISTENSYAL β mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. MODAL β nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PANLIPUNAN β pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. SAGOT LAMANG β βTalaga?β, βOoβ
5. SAMBITLA β masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL β panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
KAYARIAN:
1. PAYAK β iisang kaisipan
2. TAMBALAN β dalawang sugnay na βdi makapag-iisa
3. HUGNAYAN β madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
4. LANGKAPAN β mahabang pangungusap
MGA URI NG KWENTO
1. PABULA (fable) β hayop
2. PARABULA (parable)β Bibliya
3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) β tunay na buhay
4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) β diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)
ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
1. PERPEKTIBO β tumakbo
2. IMPERPEKTIBO β tumatakbo
3. KONTEMPLATIBO β tatakbo
KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)
1. LANTAY β walang pinaghahambingan
2. PAHAMBING Β¬β inihahalintulad
3. PASUKDOL β nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
MGA URI NG TULA
1. PATULA (Moro-moro)
2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)
MGA AWITING BAYAN
1. DALIT/HIMNO β pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
2. DIONA β kasal
3. DUNG-AW β patay (pagdadalamhati)
4. KALUSAN β paggawa
5. KUMINTANG β tagumpay (pandigma)
6. KUNDIMAN β pag-ibig
7. OYAYI β pagpapatulog ng bata
8. SOLIRANIN β pagsasagwan
9. TALINDAW β pamamangka
PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
1. ASIMILASYON β Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
2. MAY ANGKOP β wikain mo β βkamoβ
3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA
- muntik β muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
4. METATESIS β linipad β nilipad
5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO β takipan β takpan
6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN β laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA β madapat β marapat
MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS
1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN β ako/I etc.
2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN β ito/this etc.
3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all, anyone etc.
4. PATULAD β ganito, ganyan atbp.
5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. β sino, when etc.
6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. β daw, umano, which, who
MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA MUNDO
AKLAT NG MGA ARAW β China (by Confucius)
AKLAT NG MGA PATAY β Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
BIBLIYA β Palestino at Greece
CANTEBURY TALES β Kingdom of England (by Geoffrey Chaucer) 14th century
DIVINE COMEDIA β Italy (by Dante)
EL CID COMPEADOR β katangian at history ng Spain
ILIAD o ODYSSEY β Myths of Greece made by Homer.
ISANG LIBOβT ISANG GABI β Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
KORAN β Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA β India
UNCLE TOMβS CABIN β about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
MGA URI NG PANITIKAN
1. TULUYAN β binubuo ng mga pangungusap
A. NOBELA β binubuo ng mga kabanata
B. DULA β pagtatanghal sa entablado
MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
a. TIBAG β Sta. Elena
b. LAGAY β Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. PANUNULUYAN β pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan
d. PANUBOL β parangal sa may kaarawan
e. KARILYO β ala-puppet show
f. KURIDO β katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. SARSUELA β musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin
C. ALAMAT β pinagmulan
D. ANEKDOTA β ugali, may mabuting aral
2. PATULA - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
a. EPIKO β kabayanihan sa kababalaghan
o BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR β Moro
o BIAG NI LAM ANG β Iloko
o MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI SA BUKID β Bisaya
o KUMINTANG β Tagalog
o DAGOY AT SUDSUD β Tagbanua
o TATUANG - Bagobo
b. AWIT o KORIDO - kaharian
c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKI β own feeling
MGA TULANG LIRIKO:
o AWITING BAYAN β kalungkutan
o ELEHIYA β yumao
o DALIT β pagpupuri sa Diyos
o PASTORAL β buhay sa bukid
o ODA β papuri
B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN
a. KOMEDYA
b. MELODRAMA β musical
c. TRAHEDYA β death of main character
d. PARSA β mga pangyayaring nakakatawa
e. SAYNETE
-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. TULANG PATNIGAN
a. KARAGATAN β alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. DUPLO β paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula
c. BALAGTASAN β pumalit sa Duplo
FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY
PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING:
1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD β mayroong pangatnig
2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS β walang pangatnig
3. ALUSYON β ibaβt ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao
4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG
5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE β pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo.
PAGLALARAWAN:
6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o EKSAHERASYON
7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG β pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na.
8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM β strong feeling.
9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -βmalayo maβy malapit pa rinβ
10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ extra words
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN:
11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO
PAGSASATUNOG:
12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG β tunog ang paksa
13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT β repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila
14. REPITASYON β repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA:
ALITERASYON β unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho
ANADIPLOSIS β paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan
EPIPORA β pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
PAG-UYAM β sarcasm
LITOTES β pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
TALUDTOD β linya sa tula
UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH
1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since
2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG)
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit
3. INTERJECTION β with exclamation mark
PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE
1. ARTICLES β a, an, the 2. OPINION 3. SIZE
4. AGE 5. SHAPE 6. COLOR
7. MATERIAL 8. PURPOSE
CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
1. BALLAD β narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung
2. BLACK VERSE β with meter but no rhyme
3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE β written in form of speech for individual character.
4. ELEGY βdeath of individual
5. EPIC β tells a story about heroic figure
6. EULOGY β message for the dead
7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) β without meter but with rhyme
8. HAIKU β Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
9. IDYLL (Idyl) β peaceful, idealized country scene
10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
11. NARRATIVE β tells story
12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
13. PASTORAL βrural life in peaceful & romanticized way
14. SONNET β Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
15. TANKA β Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS
BIAK NA BATO β pact, thought of 1st Republic.
- Spainards paid P200 000
1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION β Apolinario Mabini
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories
2. 1935 CONSTITUTION β adapted from American Const.
3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.
4. 1973 CONSTITUTION β Ferdinand Marcos
- Martial Law β 60days max
- Natβl Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & Saba
5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles
- past chairwoman: Cecilla MuΓ±oz Palma (Feb 2, 1987)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals
JUS SANGUINI β blood JUS SOLI β place
SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
1. COMMUNIST β classless society
- State plans and controls economy
2. PARLIAMENTARY β majority of people voted
3. REPUBLICAN β power comes from people
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENTS
(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)
ACTS
1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia
2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) β bet. Phil. & U.S.
3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC)
- fight global warming decreasing green house gases
4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION
- environment and sustainable development
5. TEJEROS CONVENTION β election
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior
6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT β full free foreign trade
8. PAYNE ALDRICH ACT β partial free foreign trade
MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS
1. AUGUSTINIAN β most intelligent
2. FRANCISCAN β sends medical aids
3. JESUITS
4. DOMINICANS β richest
5. RECOLECTS β most killed schools
MARTYR PRIESTS
1. BURGOS β youngest, mastermind of secularization
2. GOMEZ β Oldest, likes βsabongβ and hid there
HOMO HABILIS β man of steel (bighead, uses muscle)
HOMO ERECTUS β man who discovered fire & clothes
HOMO SAPIENS β thinking man (can produce materials)
UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
ANATOMY β inner organs ENTOMOLOGY β insects
BIOCHEMISTRY β chemical patterns of animals
ECOLOGY β living things bet. Each other in environment
EMBRYOLOGY β developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth
GENETICS β heredity MYCOLOGY β fungi
HERPETOLOGY β reptiles and amphibians
HISTOLOGY β plant and animal tissues
MORPHOLOGY β phenotype (appearance)
ORNITHOLOGY β birds PARASITOLOGY β parasites
PALEONTOLOGY β fossils of animals and plants
PHYSIOLOGY β function of tissue, organ & system
TAXONOMY β classification of living organisms
SCIENCE PROPONENTS
CAROLUS LINNAEUS β Father of Taxonomy
ROBERT HOOKE β termed βcellsβ (cellulae)
ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK β 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule)
ROBERT BROWN β discovered Nucleus
MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
RUDOLF VIRCHOW β proposed cells come fr. existing cells
EARTHβS SPHERES
ATMOSPHERE β gaseous sphere protection from meteors
Divided into five:
ο Troposphere
ο Stratosphere
ο Mesosphere
ο Thermosphere
ο Exosphere
HYDROSPHERE β water
LITHOSPHERE β oceanic and continental crust
BIOSPHERE β all life forms in Earth
CRYOSPHERE β ice ANTHROSPHERE β ancestors
PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE
1. SUN β 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Responsible for weather and climate
2. MERCURY β named after Roman God
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
3. VENUS β Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner 2)
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
4. EARTH
5. MARS β God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
7. SATURN β God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
8. URANUS β Frederick William Herscel
- Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet
Β©