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04/02/2024

“Captain Jack”, Kintpuash (c. 1837-1873)
Modoc Tribe, Oregon and California
Kintpuash was born near Tule Lake, an area that now straddles the Oregon-California border. The ancestral homeland of the Modoc Peoples consisted of 5,000 acres until 1864 when they were forcibly removed by the federal government to the lands of their neighbors on the newly-created Klamath Reservation. The Klamath was a much larger tribe than the Modoc, and conflict was inevitable.
Now casually referred to as “Captain Jack” by white colonizers, Kintpuash stood firm. In 1865 he led a band of Modoc from the reservation back to their lands in California. Four years went by before the United States army rounded them up again and back to Klamath territory, but Kintpuash was undaunted. In 1870 he marched back home again with 180 of his Modoc kinsmen.
The government’s outright refusal to allow the Modoc back into their homelands led to the outbreak of the Modoc War from 1872 to 1873.
Kintpuash fled with his band into the area now protected as the Lava Beds National Monument, and they settled into this natural fortress. His warriors made use of its many caves and trenches in the lava beds for defensive fighting, and women and children could be sheltered there. When the Modoc were finally located, the Army launched an attack on January 17, 1873. The US Army was beaten in this conflict but they weren’t retreating either.
Kintpuash’s advisers suggested that the Army would leave if their warriors killed its leader General Edward Canby, (the future namesake of the town of Canby, Oregon) but Kintpuash hoped for a peaceful solution that would allow his people to stay in their territory.
It wasn’t to be. During the next meeting of the peace commission on April 11, Kintpuash and several other Modoc broke down and drew pistols at a prearranged signal; he shot General Canby twice in the head. For this, he was executed on October 3, 1873.
The area of the Lava Beds National Monument where Captain Jack and his men held out against the United States Army is now known as Captain Jack’s Stronghold. It took until 1984 for Kintpuash’s skull to be returned for proper reburial by his Modoc descendants. He is buried at Fort Klamath Park, Oregon.

04/02/2024

“Crazy Horse dreamed and went into the world where there is nothing but the spirits of all things. That is the real world that is behind this one, and everything we see here is something like a shadow from that one.” --Black Elk, Oglala Lakota

03/02/2024

In 1973, Sacheen Littlefeather took the stage to reject an Oscar on behalf of Marlon Brando. She was given 60 seconds on stage to provide the following speech:
“Hello. My name is Sacheen Littlefeather. I'm Apache and I am president of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee. I'm representing Marlon Brando this evening and he has asked me to tell you in a very long speech, which I cannot share with you presently because of time but I will be glad to share with the press afterwards, that he very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award. And the reasons for this being are the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry – excuse me – and on television in movie reruns, and also with recent happenings at Wounded Knee. I beg at this time that I have not intruded upon this evening and that we will in the future, our hearts and our understandings will meet with love and generosity. Thank you on behalf of Marlon Brando"
She kept her full composure despite the boos and jeers coming from the audience. John Wayne had to be restrained by security because he wanted to physically assault her as she left the stage. Clint Eastwood mocked her by saying that he was presenting the award on behalf of “all the cowboys shot in all the John Ford Westerns.” Subsequently, Littlefeather was blacklisted by Hollywood and never worked again.
Nearly half a century later, Littlefeather will return to the Academy as a guest of honor on September 17, 2022.

03/02/2024

She is Half Navajo from the Navajo Nation of the Hon´agha´ahnii Clan and half Sans Arch Lakota Sioux of the Cheyenne River Tribe….made history as The First fulltime college student (Male or Female) to ever come out of the state of Kansas and win a National Intercollegiate Championship title and Belt!..Not Kansas University, not Kansas state university, or Wichita state university but from lil ol’ Haskell Indian Nations University!!!!!!…She fight out of the Haskell Boxing Club in Lawrence, KS…

02/02/2024

Young Navajo children with their dog in Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park, AZ-UT. This picture was taken in November 1974. I am reminded how essential the Navajo “Code Talkers” were in helping us win World War II. The “Code Talkers” were Navajo secret agents recruited by the U.S. Marines to devise and use a secret code based on their native language.

02/02/2024

Miss Otter-Bee. Photo by El Reno, Canadian County, Oklahoma ca. 1907-10.

01/02/2024

"I am an old woman now. The buffaloes and black-tail deer are gone, and our Indian ways are almost gone. Sometimes I find it hard to believe that I ever lived them.
My little son grew up in the white man's school. He can read books, and he owns cattle and has a farm. He is a leader among our Hidatsa people, helping teach them to follow the white man's road.
He is kind to me. We no longer live in an earth lodge, but in a house with chimneys, and my son's wife cooks by a stove.
But for me, I cannot forget our old ways.
Often in summer I rise at daybreak and steal out to the corn fields, and as I hoe the corn I sing to it, as we did when I was young. No one cares for our corn songs now.
Sometimes in the evening I sit, looking out on the big Missouri. The sun sets, and dusk steals over the water. In the shadows I see again to see our Indian village, with smoke curling upward from the earth lodges, and in the river's roar I hear the yells of the warriors, and the laughter of little children of old.
It is but an old woman's dream. Then I see but shadows and hear only the roar of the river, and tears come into my eyes. Our Indian life, I know, is gone forever."
Waheenee - Hidatsa (North Dakota)

01/02/2024

Tall Bull (1830 - July 11, 1869) (Hotóa'ôxháa'êstaestse) was a chief of the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers. Of Cheyenne and Lakota parentage, like some of the other Dog Soldiers by that time, he identified as Cheyenne.
He was shot and killed in the Battle of Summit Springs in Colorado by Major Frank North, leader of the Pawnee Scouts.
Tall Bull was a major Southern Cheyenne Chief, war chief and Dog Soldier leader. In 1864, under his leadership he had approximately 500 people following him in the eastern Colorado and western Kansas and Nebraska area. He participated in the 1864-65 Arapaho-Cheyenne War, the retaliation that followed the Sand Creek massacre, but gave up the fight after seeing the futility of winning the war. In 1868, he participated in the Beecher Island battle. During the battle he warned Roman Nose not to go into battle until he fixed his broken medicine and to do it quickly so that he could join the fight. During 1869, Tall Bull was shot dead, during an ambush by Maj Frank North at a ravine near White Butte.
At a peace council in 1867 he argued that the whites and the soldiers should stop making war upon the Cheyenne by invading the Cheyenne land and instigating further calamities. Furthermore, they should stop telling the Cheyenne that they should give up their land to have peace. Their Indian agent Edward Wynkoop tried bartering a peace with direct tones that were none too conciliatory. During one peace talk Tall Bull personally stopped the great Cheyenne warrior Roman Nose from killing Gen. Winfield Hancock.
Tall Bull was killed in the Battle of Summit Springs on 11 July 1869. Not even a year had passed after the death of his fellow Dog Soldier, the great Roman Nose, on September 17, 1868. Also dead was Chief Black Kettle. The war societies were devastated due to their loss of leadership. The Cheyenne never recovered and were no longer a threat on the southern Great Plains.

31/01/2024

Beautiful Native American Sister
Quanah Parker
Comanche ~ 1848-1911
As Per

31/01/2024

Mary "Te Ata" Thompson Fisher
1895 - 1995
Te Ata Thompson Fisher, whose name means “Bearer of the Morning”, was born Dec. 3, 1895, near Emet, Oklahoma. A citizen of the Chickasaw Nation, Te Ata was an accomplished actor and teller of Native American stories.

30/01/2024

🔥 Crowfoot.

Crowfoot (1830 – 25 April 1890) or Isapo-Muxika was a chief of the Siksika First Nation. His parents, Istowun-eh'pata (Packs a Knife) and Axkahp-say-pi (Attacked Towards Home), were Kainai. He was five years old when Istowun-eh'pata was killed during a raid on the Crow tribe, and, a year later, his mother remarried to Akay-nehka-simi (Many Names) of the Siksika people among whom he was brought up. Crowfoot was a warrior who fought in as many as nineteen battles and sustained many injuries, but he tried to obtain peace instead of warfare. Crowfoot is well known for his involvement in Treaty Number 7 and did much negotiating for his people. While many believe Chief Crowfoot had no part in the North-West Rebellion, he did in fact participate to an extent due to his son's connection to the conflict. Crowfoot died of tuberculosis at Blackfoot Crossing on April 25, 1890. Eight hundred of his tribe attended his funeral, along with government dignitaries. In 2008, Chief Crowfoot was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame where he was recognized for his contributions to the railway industry. Crowfoot is well known for his contributions to the Blackfoot nation, and has many memorials to signify his accomplishments.
Chief Crowfoot was born in 1830 to the Kainai, known to traders and settlers as the Bloods, one of the tribes of the Blackfoot Confederacy. His father was Istowun-ehʼpata (Packs a Knife) and his mother was Axkahp-say-pi (Attacked Towards Home). He was first known as Shot-Close. Later as a boy, he was given the name Bear Ghost and then his father’s name Packs a Knife after he had been killed by members of the Crow tribe. These different names came at different times in his life as he proved himself a skilled Blackfoot warrior and, later, chief. A year after his father died, his mother remarried a member of the Siksika tribe, Akay-nehka-simi (Many Names), who eventually brought his new wife back to his tribe. Crowfoot followed his new father and mother to the Siksika on foot for several hours, eventually causing the two to turn around and bring both the young Crowfoot and his grandfather Scabby Bull with them to the Blackfoot tribe. It was with this tribe where Crowfoot proved himself as a warrior and leader.

30/01/2024

🔥𝐑𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐞 (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟔)

Running Antelope became a head chief of the Hunkpapa Lakota in 1851. Known for his bravery in war, and skills in oratory and diplomacy, Running Antelope was one of four Hunkpapa principal chiefs who acted as close advisors to Sitting Bull during the Plains Indian Wars.
He was chosen to lead the last great Sioux buffalo hunt in June, 1882. A large herd was sighted about a hundred miles west of Fort Yates, and a hunting of 2,000 men, women and children left the fort on June 10. The next morning the herd numbering approximately 50,000 buffalo was sighted and the hunt was on. About 2,000 were killed the first day, and the camp moved up to the scene of the hunt and the butchering began. The next day another 3,000 were killed and the camp settled in near a creek to jerk the meat and prepare pemmican. As usual when meat was plentiful, the labors of the Indian camp were lightened by feasting.
In 1899, Running Antelope was pictured on the Five-Dollar Silver Certificate. He died between June 30, 1896 and June 30, 1897. He is buried at the Long Hill Cemetery east of Little Eagle, South Dakota.

29/01/2024

🔥The Legend of Geronimo.

Geronimo was born in No-doyohn Canon, Arizona, June 1829, near Clifton, Arizona, from the Bedonkohe Apache tribe. He was named Goyathlay (One Who Yawns) the fourth in a family of four boys and four girls. In 1846, when he was seventeen, he was admitted to the Warriors ' Council, which allowed him to marry. He was soon allowed to marry a woman named Alope, and the couple had three children.
The tribe, at peace with the Mexican cities and nearby Indian tribes, moved to New Mexico in the mid-1850s where they could trade. They've been camping outside a Mexican town called Kas-ki-yeh for several days. The rest of the men went to the city to trade, leaving a few warriors to guard the camp. Many women and children who told them that Mexican troops had invaded their camp met them when they returned from town.
They went back to camp to find their guard guards killed, and their horses, provisions and weapons were gone. Even worse, there were also many women and children killed. Goyathlay's daughter, mother, and three children were among those who lay dead, and as a result he despised all Mexicans for the rest of his life.
It was his family's slaughter that made him a brave warrior from a friendly Native. He soon joined a fearsome Apache tribe known as Chiricahua and engaged in several attacks in northern Mexico and across the border into U.S. territory, now known as the New Mexico and Arizona states.

29/01/2024

I'm not as white as I look 🧡
Keanu Reeves was abandoned by his father at 3 years old and grew up with 3 different stepfathers. He is dyslexic. His dream of becoming a hockey player was shattered by a serious accident. His daughter died at birth. His wife died in a car accident. His best friend, River Phoenix, died of an overdose. His sister has leukemia. And with everything that has happened, Keanu Reeves never misses an opportunity to help people in need. When he was filming the movie "The Lake House," he overheard the conversation of two costume assistants; One cried because he would lose his house if he did not pay $20,000 and on the same day Keanu deposited the necessary amount in the woman's bank account; He also donated stratospheric sums to hospitals. In 2010, on his birthday, Keanu walked into a bakery and bought a brioche with a single candle, ate it in front of the bakery, and offered coffee to people who stopped to talk to him. After winning astronomical sums for the Matrix trilogy, the actor donated more than $50 million to the staff who handled the costumes and special effects - the true heroes of the trilogy, as he called them. He also gave a Harley-Davidson to each of the stunt doubles. A total expense of several million dollars. And for many successful films, he has even given up 90% of his salary to allow the production to hire other stars. In 1997 some paparazzi found him walking one morning in the company of a homeless man in Los Angeles, listening to him and sharing his life for a few hours. Most stars when they make a charitable gesture they declare it to all the media. He has never claimed to be doing charity, he simply does it as a matter of moral principles and not to look better in the eyes of others. This man could buy everything, and instead every day he gets up and chooses one thing that cannot be bought: To be a good person.
Keanu Reeves' father is of Native Hawaiian descent
Also read Keanu's life .
🧡I think you will be proud to wear this T-shirt👇
https://www.nativespiritstores.com/ilook

29/01/2024

🔥 Emil J. Comes Last, in traditional clothes at the Rolland R. Lutz Studio in Mandan, North Dakota - Yankton Dakota - circa 1937
{Note: Emil J. Comes Last was born in 1932, in Cannon Ball community on the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota, the son of Thomas Comes Last & Lucy Ireland. Emil J. Comes Last served with the U.S. Army in the Korean War, and died in Stillwater, Minnesota in 1990.

28/01/2024

🔥🔥Picture of Quanah Parker and two of his wives, Topay and Chonie.

Quanah Parker was the last Chief of the Commanches and never lost a battle to the white man. His tribe roamed over the area where Pampas stands. He was never captured by the Army, but decided to surrender and lead his tribe into the white man's culture, only when he saw that there was no alternative.
His was the last tribe in the Staked Plains to come into the reservation system.
Quanah, meaning "fragrant," was born about 1850, son of Comanche Chief Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker, a white girl taken captive during the 1836 raid on Parker's Fort, Texas. Cynthia Ann Parker was recaptured, along with her daughter, during an 1860 raid on the Pease River in northwest Texas. She had spent 24 years among the Comanche, however, and thus never readjusted to living with the whites again.
She died in Anderson County, Texas, in 1864 shortly after the death of her daughter, Prairie Flower. Ironically, Cynthia Ann's son would adjust remarkably well to living among the white men. But first he would lead a bloody war against them.
Quanah and the Quahada Comanche, of whom his father, Peta Nocona had been chief, refused to accept the provisions of the 1867 Treaty of Medicine Lodge, which confined the southern Plains Indians to a reservation, promising to clothe the Indians and turn them into farmers in imitation of the white settlers.
Knowing of past lies and deceptive treaties of the "White man", Quanah decided to remain on the warpath, raiding in Texas and Mexico and out maneuvering Army Colonel Ronald S. Mackenzie and others. He was almost killed during the attack on buffalo hunters at Adobe Walls in the Texas Panhandle in 1874. The U.S. Army was relentless in its Red River campaign of 1874-75. Quanah's allies, the Quahada were weary and starving.
Mackenzie sent Jacob J. Sturm, a physician and post interpreter, to solicit the Quahada's surrender. Sturm found Quanah, whom he called "a young man of much influence with his people," and pleaded his case. Quanah rode to a mesa, where he saw a wolf come toward him, howl and trot away to the northeast. Overhead, an eagle "glided lazily and then whipped his wings in the direction of Fort Sill," in the words of Jacob Sturm. This was a sign, Quanah thought, and on June 2, 1875, he and his band surrendered at Fort Sill in present-day Oklahoma.

28/01/2024

🔥 𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐇𝐀𝐌 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐍𝐄

GRAHAM GREENE - Born June 22, 1952, on the Six Nations Reserve in Ohsweken, Ontario, Mr. Greene is a 68 year old FIRST NATIONS Canadian actor who belongs to the ONEIDA tribe. He has worked on stage, in film, and in TV productions in Canada, the U.K., and the U.S. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his 1990 performance in "Dances with Wolves". Other films you may have seen him in include Thunderheart, Maverick, Die Hard with a Vengeance, the Green Mile, and Wind River. Graham Greene graduated from the Centre for Indigenous Theatre in 1974 & immediately began performing in professional theatre in Toronto and England, while also working as an audio technician for area rock bands. His TV debut was in 1979 and his screen debut in 1983. His acting career has now spanned over 4 decades & he remains as busy as ever. In addition to the Academy Award nomination for Dance with Wolves, he has been consistently recognized for his work, and also received nominations in 1994, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2016. Graham Greene lives in Toronto, Canada, married since 1994, and has 1 adult daughter.

27/01/2024

🔥🔥The Monteith / Mantooth Family

The story goes that a son of old Henry Monteith, father of James of Anderston had sons who went to America. It would appear that one of them married a Cherokee Indian causing his brothers to disown him. This then prompted a name change from Monteith to Mantooth. The other brothers returned to Scotland, never to speak of it again.
The name 'Mantooth' is therefore derived from the Scottish name Monteith. Thomas Monteith was born in Scotland about 1694 and records show that he was in Virginia by 1714, in those early, pioneering years and still 80 years before other family members would form the Blantyre Mills.
Thomas was a large landholder in Virginia and was known as Gentleman Thomas the Merchant. Thomas had four children. Magdaline, Elizabeth, James and John.
This was a notable family. Magdaline married Anderson Doniphan and is the Great, great Grandmother of Harry Shipp Truman. John married a Cherokee Indian and at this time the two brothers disowned each other. Marrying a cherokee Indian was clearly frowned upon by the rest of the family. In Thomas Monteith's Last Will and Testament, John was not mentioned as the other three children were.
It was at this time that the name changed. The Monteiths stayed in Virginia until later years and descendants of Thomas (Cherokee Tom) Mantooth migrated south into North Carolina. In the late 1700's and early 1800's the Mantooths came across the mountain from an area west of Asheville, North Carolina known as Sandy Mush to East Tennessee. Cocke County has had a population of Mantooths for many years with some Mantooths migrating west over a period of time.
Conducting good business was clearly in the Monteith genes. Thomas Mantooth with his family, his oldest daughter being married to Austin Vinson, settled in Lufkin Texas in 1857. Thomas was a probate judge in Lufkin for some time. Thomas' son Edwin J. Mantooth attended the Cumberland University, Lebanon Tennessee and studied law, graduating with the class of 1879 before returning to Texas to set up office.
Edwin J. Mantooth was one of two people that founded the Lufkin Telephone Company that is the 16th largest in the United States. The Mantooth and Vinson names are well established in East Texas.

27/01/2024

Wanada Parker Page (1882-1970)

She was born in 1882 in Indian Territory. Her Indian name was Woon-ardy Parker. "Woon-ardy" in Comanche means "Stand Up and Be Strong," because she was weak in the limbs and had to walk on crutches for a long time. Mrs. Page had also been given her mother's name, Weckeah.
She attended Chilocco Indian School, then in 1894 was sent to Carlisle Indian School, Pa. where she remained several years with her half-brother Harold (oldest of Quanah's sons) and her half-sister Neda.
At Carlisle, her name was spelled at first "Juanada" until it was objected that she was not Mexican or Spanish. She was baptized under the name of "Annie" in 1895 at St. John's Episcopal Church in Carlisle, but nobody called her that.
Wanada attended the Fort Sill Indian School for about a year, about 1903, living in a girl's frame dormitory.
In 1908 she married Walter Komah, a Comanche. They went to Mescalero, N.M., where he died of tuberculosis in 1912. Wanada returned to Lawton shortly after that. She worked at Fort Sill Indian School as assistant matron while her sister Alice was a student.
In 1915 she became a nurse's aide at the Fort Sill Indian Hospital and it was during her work there that she met her future husband, Harrison Page. He was a white soldier in the Medical Corps assigned to the Station Hospital at Fort Sill. They commuted by street car during their courtship and were married on Dec. 18, 1916.
In her later years, Mrs. Page attended the first Parker Family Reunion at Fort Parker, Tex., in 1953, when the Indian Parkers of Oklahoma and the white Parkers of Texas held their first annual get-together

26/01/2024

🔥 In the Inaugural parade of President Theodore Roosevelt in March of 1905, six great tribal chiefs and leaders in their finest regalia rode on horseback down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C. The well-known leaders rode with tremendous dignity in the parade.
The noted Comanche Chief Quanah Parker with the other fellow tribal dignitaries were welcomed with applause from the crowds along the parade route. As the tribal leaders on horseback approached the presidential viewing box, President Roosevelt, his family, and guests got up to their feet to witness such an impressive sight.
By choosing to participate in the parade, the men presented an immense sense of visual identity and of their each unique culture. They courageously displayed a readiness to adapt to those changes and challenges placed upon their tribes in the latter 1800's and early 1900's.
At the time, U.S. government policy at established Indian Schools was to cause an abandonment of all forms of native culture. Emphasis was placed on the acceptance of the English language and to dress in the clothing of white culture. Native students who had arrived at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania soon began the method to shape them into an unfamiliar image. It was thought that tribal people would assimilate into the greater American society and would just fade away and disappear over time.
Magnificent picture of six famed native leaders in their tribal attire entitled "Last Gathering of the Chiefs". inaugural parade of Theodore Roosevelt, circa 1905. From left to right, Little Plume (Piegan), Buckskin Charley (Ute), Geronimo (Chiricahua Apache), Quanah Parker (Comanche), Hollow Horn Bear (Brule Lakota), and American Horse (Oglala Lakota). Photograph by Edward S. Curtis. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.

26/01/2024

🔥 Vintage photograph of Native American lady captured between the late 1800s and until the turn of the 19th Century...
Native American women virtually had different roles from men, but just like their male counterparts, they usually had the same rights.
The women owned the home they live in along with everything in it. In some tribes, although the chief was a man, women were responsible for electing him. Acknowledged as vital to the welfare of the community, the women's activities gave them an absolute level of social, political and economic power, which even today is recognized by the federal government of the United States. Approximately, 25% of Native American tribes are led by women.

25/01/2024

🔥 Many Horns (“He Ota”) was a Cut Head band chief of the Upper Yanktonais, who roamed in the late 1870ies the upper Missouri and even Milk River region in Montana. His band settled – at least for a time – at the Fort Peck/Poplar River Agency.
In 1872 he was one of the Yanktonais leaders who travelled to Washington with Yanktonais head chiefs Two Bears and Big Head.
Only a few Yanktonais fought in the Sioux War of 1876. But they skirmished a lot with tribes like the Gros Ventre (Atsina), the Upper Assiniboines and the Crows. In February 1878 for example Yanktonais belonging to Many Horns band stole twelve horses from a Gros Ventre camp and eleven from Little Chief´s Assiniboines. Many Horns refused to return the horses when scouts of Fort Belknap (the Gros Ventre/Assiniboine agency) came to his camp on Milk River.
In 1879 he attended with his following a Sioux sun dance at Fort Walsh in Canada.

25/01/2024

🔥 Geronimo (Chiricahua: Goyaałé; commonly spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English) (June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was an American Indian leader and healer of the Apache Chiricahua people led the people against Mexico and the United States and their territorial expansion into Apache tribal lands for decades during the Apache Wars. The Apaches led the Arizona Indian rebellion against the whites and the U.S. military for self-rule.
Geronimo and his band fought in defence of their territory, it was not until 1886 that he surrendered.
Geronimo became known as the last great defender of the Native American way of life. "I should never have surrendered. I should have fought until I was the last man alive."
Later American history recognized him as a shining example of American heroism.
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24/01/2024

🔥 Crazy Horse, more accurately called the spirit man or the mad horse, was born somewhere between 1840 and 1845 in the Oglala Lakota tribe, a spiritual division of the Sioux people. He became the leader of that tribe and is most famous for leading one of the Indian war parties to victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876.
Through traditional Lakota vision quests and combat with prowess surgeries both with tribes of traditional enemies and colonial settlers, Crazy Horse has grown in vision and intelligence. respect among his people. He participated in the Platte Bridge match and the Red Buttes match in 1965 to eventually be elevated to the status of 'The Man in the Shirt,' the top man in the battle.
He became a regular leader of the major war parties of mixed Lakota and Cheyenne warriors.In this role, his band inflicted the worst victory to that date for the United States Cavalry in The Great Plains in what became known as The Fetterman Massacre. His fortunes were reversed in The Wagon Box fight due to the arrival of new rifles that reload faster and allow three times a second to fire.
Although the extent of his direct involvement in The Battle of Little Bighorn is in doubt due to the lack of official Indian record-keeping, Crazy Horse is certainly said to delay the arrival of Custer's reinforcements, which is the decision to fail. Learn more about Custer's final stand at the Battle of Little Big Horn.
His end is sad for a warrior. He surrenders to his tribe, weakened by the cold and hunger of a harsh winter. His death in custody remains controversial. He was stabbed in the back, allegedly out of embarrassment, and violently tried to escape and was restrained by his friends.

24/01/2024

🔥 Mary Frances Thompson Fisher (December 3, 1895 – October 25, 1995), best known as Te Ata, was an actress and citizen of the Chickasaw Nation known for telling Native American stories. She performed as a representative of Native Americans at state dinners before President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s. She was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1957 and was named Oklahoma's first State Treasure in 1987.
Te Ata began her early education in a one-room tribal school, but after two years she was sent to Bloomfield Academy, a Chickasaw boarding school for girls. At Bloomfield, she met Muriel Wright, a teacher who became her role model. Te Ata graduated high school from Tishomingo, Oklahoma, where she was salutatorian.
In the fall of 1915, Te Ata began college at the Oklahoma College for Women (now the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma) in Chickasha, and graduated in 1919. During her time at Oklahoma College for Women, she worked as an assistant in the theater department for theater instructor Frances Dinsmore Davis. It was during this time that Te Ata was first introduced to the stage.
Te Ata’s life and likeness have been featured in many books, plays and magazines. In the summer of 1924, Te Ata was featured in McCall's magazine in its "Types of American Beauty" series.
Her life and performances have been commemorated through several different awards. She was the namesake for Lake Te Ata in New York. She was named the Ladies' Home Journal Woman of the Year in 1976. She was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1957 and named Oklahoma’s Official State Treasure in 1987. In 1990, she was inducted into the Chickasaw Hall of Fame.

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