Native American Pride, 1942 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80302 (2024)

10/12/2023

The Crow are also called the Apsáalooke, Absaroka, and Apsaroke. Their name was given them by the Hidatsa, and meant “people [or children] of the large-beaked bird.” Historically, they lived in the Yellowstone River Valley. A Siouan tribe, they once were part of the Hidatsa, living around the headwaters of the upper Mississippi River in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. Later, the Crow moved to the Devil’s Lake region of North Dakota, before splitting with the Hidatsa and moving westward.
Settling in Montana, the tribe split once again into two divisions, called the Mountain Crow and the River Crow. They were first encountered by two Frenchmen in 1743 near the present-day town of Hardin, Montana. When the Lewis and Clark expedition came upon them in 1804, they estimated some 350 lodges with about 3,500 members.

10/12/2023

“The true Indian does not set any price either on his property or on his labor. His generosity is only limited by his strength and ability. He considers it an honor to be chosen for difficult or dangerous service and would think it shameful to ask for a reward.
Teton Sioux Chief 1837 -1918
John Grass's English name came from the Dakota "Pezi," meaning "Field of Grass"; he also was sometimes called Mato Wtakpe (Charging Bear).
He was a son of Grass, a Sioux leader of the early nineteenth century.
He spoke a number of Dakota dialects as well as English, so he was one of the few peaople in the Dakotas who could communicate with nearly everyone else.
Indian agent Major James ("White Hair") McLaughlin set up Grass, Gall, and other Sioux as rival chiefs to Sitting Bull after the latter had surrendered in 1881, in an attempt to break Sitting Bull's influence over the Sioux.
Over Sitting Bull's objections, Grass signed an 1889 agreement that broke up the Great Sioux Reservation.
He probably was bowing to threats by Indian agent McLaughlin that the U.S. government would take the land with or without Sioux consent.
Even after the land was signed over, the government reduced the food allotments on Northern Plains reservations, intensifying poverty and suffering; this action increased tensions just before the massacre of Big Foot's people at Wounded Knee.
For more than three decades, Grass served as head judge in the Court of Indian Offenses of the Standing Rock Reservation.
He died at Standing Rock in 1918.

09/12/2023

During the American Civil War, Virginia resident William Terrill Bradby was one of an estimated 20,000 Native Americans who served with Union military forces in the fight against the Confederacy. A large part of Bradby’s own contributions to the Union cause involved maritime transportation.
A member of the Pamunkey Tribe, Bradby was born in Virginia in 1833. After the Civil War broke out in 1861, Bradby remained loyal to the Union even though Virginia joined the Confederacy. Bradby’s unwavering decision to side with the North resulted in his church expelling him from its congregation. Even more significantly, his military service on behalf of the Union often placed him at high risk and in harm’s way.
Bradby’s initial activities with the Union forces included serving as a land guide and scout for the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign in southeastern Virginia in 1862. The following year, however, Bradby exchanged those land-based assignments for “water duty” when he joined the Union Navy.
Throughout the remainder of the war, Bradby served on a variety of military ships and boats and even piloted several of those vessels. For a good part of 1863-64, for example, he was a pilot second class for vessels that were part of a Union flotilla on the James River in Virginia. While serving on the steamship USS Shokokon on that river, Bradby was shot in the leg by a Confederate shell. This injury turned out to be only a flesh wound, but it brought about rheumatism that would plague Bradby for the remainder of his days. Other vessels on which Bradby served were the gunboats USS Onondaga and USS Huron; the tugboat USS Epsilon; the steamship USS Daylight; and the torpedo boat USS Spuyten Duyvil.
There were several other Native Americans from Virginia who likewise served the Union as guides and pilots during the war. They included Bradby’s brother Sterling as well as Thornton Allmond, John Langston, William Sampson, and Powhatan Weisiger. William Terrill Bradby’s own military record, however, is one of the most detailed and best documented of that group.
After the Civil War ended, Bradby returned to where he had lived prior to the conflict: the Pamunkey reservation on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. Bradby remained there for the rest of his life, becoming one the most respected members of the community. He died sometime around 1905.

09/12/2023

Estos son los rostros de los auténticos norteamericanos.

Conocidos como apaches, sioux, los cheroquis o los cheyenes, existieron otras muchas etnias como los pies negros, los arapajó o los navajos. Los diversos pueblos formaban conjuntos humanos de demografía modesta, lo que les permitía tener siempre a su disposición grandes extensiones de terreno y jamás conocieron el hacinamiento ni los problemas urbanos. Con la llegada de los colonizadores europeos a partir del siglo XV, millones de estas personas han sufrido masacres, persecuciones y exclusión social. El racismo estructural de Estados Unidos los ha llevado a vivir marginados en reservas naturales, en un continente en el que son los auténticos habitantes originales.

08/12/2023

Floyd Red Crow Westerman
Floyd Red Crow Westerman reached a mass international audience as the wise, old Sioux chief Ten Bears in Dances with Wolves (1990); he played the recurring role of the codebreaker Albert Hosteen on The X-Files (1995-99) and served as Indian chiefs, elders and shamans in dozens of other films and TV programmes.
His deeply etched features personified the history of an entire people for western audiences. He was described by his friend Dennis Banks, the founder in 1968 of the American Indian Movement (AIM), as “the greatest cultural ambassador that Indian America ever had” and by Indian Country Today newspaper as “one of the most recognisable American Indians of the 20th century”.

08/12/2023

🏹𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐊𝐄🏹 (𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟏-𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟓)
Two Strike, or Numpkahapa, was a Brulé Lakota chief born in the White River Valley in 1831 in the northeastern part of present-day Nebraska. He acquired the Lakota name of "Nomkahpa", meaning "Knocks out two" in a battle with the Utes, in which he knocked two Utes off their horses with a single blow from his war club. Two Strike fought in various battles against the United States Army during the Bozeman Trail Wars, allied with Chief Crow Dog and Chief Crazy Horse in the Powder River Country of Wyoming.
Two Strike and his band were present alongside bands of Southern Cheyennes at the Battle of Summit Springs, Colorado on July 11, 1869, when the 5th Cavalry and 50 Pawnee scouts led a surprise attack on their camp. Buffalo Bill Cody was present at the battle as a scout leader. Chief Tall Bull of the Southern Cheyennes along with 51 members of the Lakota-Cheyenne Combined Encampment were killed and 17 women and children were taken prisoner, the rest of the Lakota and Cheyenne managed to escape. The soldiers then burned all the tipis and their contents.
Chief Two Strike was one of the main leaders of the combined Oglala and Burnt forces who, along with more than 1,000 brave men, attacked a group of 350 Pawnees who had established their reserve in Nebraska to hunt buffalo. Over 70 Pawnees were killed in the battle that took place along a canyon now located in Hitchcock County, Nebraska. The canyon has since been renamed Massacre Canyon.
Two Strike died in 1915 on the Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota.

07/12/2023

𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐇𝐀𝐌 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐍𝐄
GRAHAM GREENE - Born June 22, 1952, on the Six Nations Reserve in Ohsweken, Ontario, Mr. Greene is a 68 year old FIRST NATIONS Canadian actor who belongs to the ONEIDA tribe. He has worked on stage, in film, and in TV productions in Canada, the U.K., and the U.S. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his 1990 performance in "Dances with Wolves". Other films you may have seen him in include Thunderheart, Maverick, Die Hard with a Vengeance, the Green Mile, and Wind River. Graham Greene graduated from the Centre for Indigenous Theatre in 1974 & immediately began performing in professional theatre in Toronto and England, while also working as an audio technician for area rock bands. His TV debut was in 1979 and his screen debut in 1983. His acting career has now spanned over 4 decades & he remains as busy as ever. In addition to the Academy Award nomination for Dance with Wolves, he has been consistently recognized for his work, and also received nominations in 1994, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2016. Graham Greene lives in Toronto, Canada, married since 1994, and has 1 adult daughter.

07/12/2023

White Buffalo, Cheyenne was born in 1862 &
died in June 1929.
He was described in newspaper articles in 1902 as being of striking appearance, as his hair had turned completely white when he was very young. His photo from his Carlisle days, dressed in a suit with a short haircut in the white man's style, shows that to be true. In 1888, when he was 26, he married a full-blood Northern Cheyenne widow. Medicine Woman, who was 30 at the time. She had also been born in Montana as had her parents. On the 1905 Indian Census for their reservation, they had four children listed: Emma White Buffalo, son Receiving Roots, Paul White Buffalo and Pratt White Buffalo - named for the Carlisle School founder. On the 1910 U. S. Federal Census, they are listed with only three of seven surviving children: John White Buffalo, James White Buffalo and Fred White Buffalo. According to the 1910 census, the mother of Medicine Woman also lived with them as well, 76 at the time, widowed and named Siege Woman. Medicine Woman is listed on this census as illiterate, as is her mother. His son, John White Buffalo enlisted for service in World War I. As full blood Cheyenne, both White Buffalo and Medicine Woman received land allotments on the reservation in 1891 in Lincoln Township in present-day Blaine County, Oklahoma. These are listed on several of the Indian Census lists as allotments number 966 and 967. White Buffalo lived to be 67 years old, and passed away on June 23, 1929, per the 1930 Indian census for the reservation. According to his obituary in the Watonga Republican newspaper dated June 27, 1929, he is buried at the Indian Mission Church on the reservation and was survived by his wife and sons.

06/12/2023

Photo of a late-19th-century Canadian Blackfoot brave - one of the prime examples of a northern Plains Indian ready for the hunt or for battle. All studded out with his brass-tacked 1873 Wi******er carbine and belt full of cartridges, he’s also equipped with a heavily tacked knife scabbard, riding quirt, a necklace and bracelet, and a unique breastplate, made up of northwest trade gun brass serpentine sideplates. Even his pony’s U.S. Cavalry headstall has had brass tacks added for a more personal look. S

06/12/2023

Goldie Jamison Conklin, a Seneca from the Allegany Reservation
See the Addendum at the bottom of this posting for some new information on Goldie. This posting will feature a number of old postcard images of Goldie Jamison Conklin, a Seneca of the Heron Clan, from the Allegany Reservation, in Western New York. In most of these images Goldie is wearing a beaded bag, presumably of her own manufacture. Records indicate that she was born in Salamanca, New York on November 30, 1892 and died in 1974. Her parents were Jacob J. Jamison & Eliza D. Jamison. She was baptized at the St. Andrews Church in Irving, New York on July 7, 1921. For some undetermined period of time she worked as a model for the Cattaraugus Cutlery Co. of Little Valley, New York, as some of the postcards are advertisements for the company’s line of “Indian Brand” knives. Goldie’s Seneca name was Ah-Weh-Eyu which means Pretty Flower.Most of the images appear to have been taken by Jesse Lynn Blessing of The Blessing Studio, Salamanca, New York. He was the son of J. H. Blessing who was born around 1850 and died in 1933 in Salamanca, New York. Jesse took over the photography studio from his father and retired in 1945. Except were noted, all the images are circa 1910 real photographic postcards. This first image is an advertising postcard for the Cattaraugus Cutlery Company. It's postmarked Nov. 4, 1912. The printed advertising text on the back reads: I expect to call on you on or about Friday evening, November 8th with a full line of Cattaraugus "Indian Brand" cutlery. If you will keep this card in sight and hold your cutlery order for me, I will send you with your order a beautiful 10 x 14 photograph of this "Cattaraugus" Indian Princess. This was the 11 x 14 photographic premium that the company sent you of Goldie. A hand-written, period note on the back of this postcard reads: Goldie Jemison [sp] in Costume, niece of the interpreter. I killed three big ones up in the hills in Salamanca. This girl tied the ribbon on them. Will send you a nice hide in a few days and you can put it in your den. E.W. J. In a number of these images she is either holding a painted bow or there is one at her feet. The style of the bow is either Modoc, Hupa or Miwok from northern California. It may have been a ceremonial dance bow though some sources indicate it was a hunting bow. It appears to be the same bow in all the images and might have been a prop that was owned by the photographer that took most of these photographs. A close-up of Goldie's beaded bag. The different shades of grey in the fringe suggests that multi-colored beads were used to make it. This postcard is unused. The bow at her feet was used in several of the postcards in this series. This postcard is postmarked August 2, 1910. This postcard is postmarked June 2, 1909. A hand-written note on the back reads: Dear Little George Frederick - We are sleeping in Salamanca tonight. In the morning we go to Jamestown there to Lawtons Station. Hope you are well and having a good time. Love to all the youngsters and some smacks from Uncle Paul and Aunt Anna. It was mailed to an address in Ohio. This is an unused advertising postcard from the Cattaraugus Cutlery Company. The printed advertising text on the back reads: Never before have we shown such a splendid line of cutlery as this year. Greater assortment, better values and lots of new things. It will pay you to hold your order until you have seen the Cattaraugus "Indian Brand" cutlery. I expect to call about ___________. Keep this card. It has value for you. Yours truly, R.D.R. Sullivan. The bag in this image is missing the flap and suggests that it's construction may have been concurrent with her modeling career. This is a printed advertising postcard for the company. No date but looks to be circa 1910. An unused card of Goldie. In 2003, I painted a portrait of Goldie, titled Made of Thunder that was exhibited in conjunction with the beadwork exhibit by the same name. This was the image of her that I used as my model. Her portrait is illustrated below. The most famous legend in Niagara Falls is that of the Maid of the Mist and the Thunder God Hinum, who was believed to live behind the Falls. In an apocryphal version of this myth, an Indian maiden is sacrificed annually by sending her over the cataract in a canoe, laden with fruit to appease Hinum. In my portrait of Goldie, she is represented in a symbiotic relationship with the Falls, as a Native artist attuned to her surroundings and one proud of her heritage. From her waist belt she wears a beaded bag of her own manufacture. The bag that hangs from her neck has a large, central heart motif that is often seen in Iroquois work. This postcard was postmarked from Salamanca, NY in 1914. A hand-written note on the back reads: Dear Hazell, I received your card about the pictures of "Creation." I always go home on Sundays so was not here the first day they (the Indians) were here and didn't find out where they were

05/12/2023

These four Chiefs were Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo and Red Cloud. Each of these forefathers played an important role in shaping their tribe's customs and history. Because of their influence over the shaping of Native American history, they are often referred to as the real founding fathers.!
Left-Right : Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo, and Red Cloud.

05/12/2023

Ponca men who attended the funeral for George L. Miller, of the Miller Brothers’ 101 Ranch in Ponca City, Oklahoma - 1929
*L-R: Charlie Roy, White Deer, Horse Chief Eagle, Edward Smith, and John DeLodge.

04/12/2023

Kiowa women in dance clothes at the Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonials in Gallup, New Mexico - circa 1930
*L-R: unidentified woman, unidentified woman, Laura Pedrick, Ida Hummingbird, Lucy Blanche Jackson, Maggie Aukoy Smoky, unidentified woman, unidentified woman, Libby Botone, Florabel Tainp, unidentified woman, and unidentified woman.
Colorized by the app Colorize Photos and Grover

04/12/2023

Pitsskustuya (aka Seven Shirts, aka Joe Moses), the son of Spengecksteetsa and the nephew of Kwiltalahun (aka Chief Moses), on the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation in north-central Washington - Sinkiuse - 1903

03/12/2023

Northern Cheyenne CHIEF AMERICAN HORSE, circa 1910. He had participated in the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn. Julia Tuell moved to Lame Deer, Montana, in 1906, where she took photographs on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation for six years. Later, 1913 - 1929, she photographed the Sioux on Rosebud Reservation in South Dakota. (L.A. Huffman had photographed American Horse several times in earlier years.)
A long pipe was used in Native ceremonies. If using a PC, click photo to see the pipestone bowl at the pipe's end and to improve clarity. Julia Tuell's photographs were published in “Women and Warriors of the Plains” by Dan Aadland. NOTE: The subject was a Cheyenne Chief, and not the Oglala Sioux Chief known by the same name

03/12/2023

Medicine Crow, Peelatchi-waaxpáash, born around 1848 in the area of the Musselshell, member of the New Made Lodge Acirārī’o clan and of the Lumpwood (Mara'xi'ce Knobbed Sticks) warrior society. According to his grandson, tribal historian and storyteller Joe Medicine Crow, Medicine Crow’s father, a prominent headman, was called Jointed Together and his mother was One Buffalo Calf. He wasn’t yet born when his father died, probably in the smallpox epidemic; his mother later married the noted medicine man Look At The Bulls P***s (better known as Sees The Living Bull or Bull Goes Hunting), who became an important figure in Medicine Crow’s youth. It is said that he looked for a vision at least three times; the fourth time, when he was eighteen, he fasted for 4 days and 3 nights; the fourth night, he had the vision of a white man who told him that he came from the land of the rising sun, and that many others like were coming to the Crow land and take possession of it. He then advised Medicine Crow of not opposing the newcomers, the White Eyes, and exhorted him to “deal with them wisely, and all would have turned out all right”. It is said that in other visions Medicine Crow foresaw the passing away of the buffalo, the building of the Big Horn Southern Railroad (“something black with round legs puffing smoke and pulling boxlike objects behind it”) and of planes (“wagons flying in the sky”). His medicine were the hawk and the eagle (even if, according to some reports, he had to “borrow” them, as he didn’t manage to get them in a personal vision).
He joined his first war party at 15 and, for the following nineteen years, he got the honors required to obtain chieftainship. He is said to have counted 3 first coups, wrestled away 5 weapons from an enemy, stolen 2 horses cutting the halter rope, and commanded 10 successful war parties. In tribal warfare, he made his most famous exploits against the Lakotas (sometimes together with his friend, River Crow Two Leggings): in 1874, he and his party annihilated 7 Lakotas entrenched in a deep washout; the Lakotas had already killed several Crows when Medicine Crow jumped with his horse in the washout, panicking the enemies who fled and were quickly dispatched.
In 1876, Medicine Crow, together with other 176 Crows joined general George Crook’s troops and fought in the Battle of the Rosebud (according to Joe Medicine Crow, it was Medicine Crow to “carry the pipe” for the Crow scouts, while Plenty Coups told Frank Linderman that he himself led the Crow warriors – Alligator Stands Up). Lt. John Bourke thus remembered the Crow leader “…Medicine Crow, the Crow chief, looked like a devil in his war bonnet of feathers, furs and buffalo horns”.
In 1877 Medicine Crow joined again the US troops in the fights against the Nez Percés. During a battle, a Nez Percé challenged him to combat and shot Medicine Crow’s horse under him. Medicine Crow went on his charge, jumping from side to side until he pounced on the Nez Percé, wrestling his weapon away from him and then allowing him to re join his comrades (Crow used to be allies of the Nez Percés).
In 1880 Medicine Crow, together with a delegation composed of other five tribesmen went to Washington, D.C. to discuss settlements in the Crow agency, the selling of Crow lands and the eventual division of the land into individual farms. Medicine Crow later settled in Lodge Grass Creek, taking up farming and playing an important role during the 1887 Sword Bearer incident when, together with Pretty Eagle and Plenty Coups, he managed to keep the tribe united. During the early 1900s, he opposed firmly the selling of the Crow lands and in 1890 he was appointed as tribal judge.
Medicine Crow died in 1920 and is buried on the Valley of Chieftains (in the Little Big Horn area). He is said to have taken 6 wives; from the last one, Medicine Sheep, he had 4 sons (Cassie, Hugh, Leo and Chester). Leo Medicine Crow fathered Chief Joseph Medicine Crow, who’s now 96 and considered one of the official tribal historians

02/12/2023

Geronimo's final band pictured in front of the train car taking them to prison in Florida. Geronimo is in the front row, third from the right. Immediately to his left is Chief Naiche. In the back row, third from the right is Lozen, the famous woman warrior. This is the only known photograph of her. C. 1889

National Archives

Remembering the Old West

02/12/2023

𝐖𝐞𝐬 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐢
𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘢 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭-𝘣𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘦 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘝𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘯𝘢𝘮 𝘞𝘢𝘳 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘯, 1973, 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘞𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘒𝘯𝘦𝘦 𝘐𝘯𝘤𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘗𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘙𝘪𝘥𝘨𝘦 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯. 𝘚𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘦, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘢𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘱𝘦𝘥 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘢 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘦-𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘯𝘦𝘸𝘴𝘱𝘢𝘱𝘦𝘳. 𝘈𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘺, 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦 1980𝘴, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 - 𝘵𝘰 𝘮𝘦𝘦𝘵 𝘸𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘯, 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘴. 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘴𝘰𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘴 - 𝘋𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘞𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘴 (1990), 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘓𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘰𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘴 (1992), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘦𝘥 𝘎𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘪𝘮𝘰 𝘪𝘯 𝘎𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘪𝘮𝘰: 𝘈𝘯 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘓𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘥 (1993). 𝘊𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘭𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘦 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘳, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘧𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘊𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘯’𝘴 𝘈𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘢𝘳 (2009). 𝘏𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘏𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘦𝘴 (2017), 𝘣𝘺 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘺𝘦𝘯𝘯𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘧 𝘠𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘏𝘢𝘸𝘬. 𝘛𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘦, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘏𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘎𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘗𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘏𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥 2013; 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯 2019 𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘈𝘤𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘺 𝘏𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥.

01/12/2023

Portrait of Luther Sage (Yellowstone) Kelly taken 1870s when he was in his mid 20s. He was one of the most notable American veterans, scouts, and warriors of his time. Born to an affluent family in upstate New York, Kelly obtained a fine education, but yearned for the adventure of the Wild West. Sitting back and waiting was not part of Kelly’s character, so at the age of 16, Kelly lied about his age, enlisted in the military, and the adventures of Yellowstone Kelly began. He was an authentic character of the American West. His real-life adventures have inspired many articles, books and even a Hollywood movie. He was a scholar and author, a veteran of 3 wars, an exceptional hunter and trader, and a key player in scouting and “taming” the Wild West. Considering his many fights with the Native Americans he is seen as not so much as a hero today!

01/12/2023

The Indian culture such as the great warrior, Crazy Horse, believed in lying their deceased on scaffolds, wrapping them in buffalo blankets. There to be exposed to the elements and delivered over a year or two back to nature. Then to come back as buffalo grass, and eaten by the buffalos, which would be eaten by the Sioux, thus completing the cycle. Versus the Anglo belief of burial in a metal casket preventing breakdowns over a longer time. I got this from Stephen Ambrose book of Custer and Crazy Horse.

30/11/2023

Some nice actors
Mo Brings Plenty, Zahn McClarnon, Martin Sensmeier, Graham Greene, Michael Greyeyse and Gil Birmingham

30/11/2023

Sac & Fox (Meskwaki) mothers and their children at the Meskwaki Settlement in Tama County, Iowa - circa 1930

29/11/2023

CHIEF BLACK HAIR and daughter, circa 1900. The Crow (Apsáalooke) Chief (1849-1905) posed with Mary Black Hair (1896-1953) in the Black Lodge District of the Crow Reservation in Eastern Montana. The Chief’s eagle feather fan and numerous ermine danglers indicated a person of standing. Mary’s dress was adorned with elk ivories (elk have two teeth made of ivory).

Photographer Fred E. Miller had married a Native woman and was adopted into the Crow tribe in 1905. His photographs gained recognition with the 1985 publication of “Fred E. Miller: Photographer of the Crows.” PC users can click image to enlarge and view the moccasins.

29/11/2023

Beautiful native american women
Photo: Alessandro Bergamini

28/11/2023

Our Ancestors endured so much to preserve our way of life. We are here because, through it all, they never gave up. Their sacrifices demand our appreciation.
Make the choice today to live in a way that honors them and their sacrifices. When you feel like giving up, remember the same greatness that was in them is in us, even if we have not discovered it yet.
Our ancestors didn't live for themselves but for the seven generations ahead. Let us walk in that same spirit. You can't give up because you are laying the foundation for those that will walk after us.

28/11/2023

"The sacred ceremonies do not belong to Indians alone, they can be done by all who have the right attitude and who are honest and sincere about their beliefs in Wakan Tanka (Great Spirit) and follow the rules.
Survival of the world depend on sharing what we have, and working together. If we don't the whole world will die, first the planet and then the people." -- Ceremonial Chief, Frank Fools Crow, Lakota 1890-1989

27/11/2023

"We Indians know about silence. We are not afraid of it. In fact, for us, silence is more powerful than words. Our elders were trained in the ways of silence, and they handed over this knowledge to us. Observe, listen, and then act, they would tell us. That was the manner of living.

With you, it is just the opposite. You learn by talking. You reward the children that talk the most at school. In your parties, you all try to talk at the same time. In your work, you are always having meetings in which everybody interrupts everybody and all talk five, ten or a hundred times. And you call that ‘solving a problem’. When you are in a room and there is silence, you get nervous. You must fill the space with sounds. So you talk compulsorily, even before you know what you are going to say.

White people love to discuss. They don’t even allow the other person to finish a sentence. They always interrupt. For us Indians, this looks like bad manners or even stupidity. If you start talking, I’m not going to interrupt you. I will listen. Maybe I’ll stop listening if I don’t like what you are saying, but I won’t interrupt you.

When you finish speaking, I’ll make up my mind about what you said, but I will not tell you I don’t agree unless it is important. Otherwise, I’ll just keep quiet and I’ll go away. You have told me all I need to know. There is no more to be said. But this is not enough for the majority of white people.

People should regard their words as seeds. They should sow them, and then allow them to grow in silence. Our elders taught us that the earth is always talking to us, but we should keep silent in order to hear her.

There are many voices besides ours. Many voices…”

-Ella Deloria

27/11/2023

People ask me if I believe in god... I tell them I pray to creator.
They tell me Jesus died for me... I tell them my ancestors did.
They say I will burn in hell for not following the Bible, but yet it has been used as weapon to colonize and murder my people...
for me it’s spirituality over religion. I don’t hate people for going to church, but I do hate what the churches have done to us...
before colonization we had our own ways and ceremonies, I choose the path of my ancestors. 🧡

26/11/2023

My Brothers, you come from men who had vast knowledge of the stars, guided and trained boys into warriors, chiefs, and medicine men, had relationships with plants, animals, and could heal the sick.
This is your lineage, brush yourself off and remember WHO YOU ARE.

26/11/2023

Elvina Agard, photo taken between 1900 and 1930.
The Native American Indians are an important part of the culture of the United States. While their people have lived on this land for thousands of years, today their numbers are dwindling. Once, the Native Americans lived on this continent with little discourse and disruption. They were well fed, content, and established. In fact, the men and women usually were placed in typical roles. Although Native American women often had different roles than the men they were greatly respected. They often had the same sorts of rights at the men in their tribe which is incredible for the time period. In some groups, women were the ones who owned the home and property inside. While it was typical for a chief to be male there were some tribes that would have the women select who he would be.

25/11/2023

Tall Bull (1830 - July 11, 1869) (Hotóa'ôxháa'êstaestse) was a chief of the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers. Of Cheyenne and Lakota parentage, like some of the other Dog Soldiers by that time, he identified as Cheyenne.
He was shot and killed in the Battle of Summit Springs in Colorado by Major Frank North, leader of the Pawnee Scouts.
Tall Bull was a major Southern Cheyenne Chief, war chief and Dog Soldier leader. In 1864, under his leadership he had approximately 500 people following him in the eastern Colorado and western Kansas and Nebraska area. He participated in the 1864-65 Arapaho-Cheyenne War, the retaliation that followed the Sand Creek massacre, but gave up the fight after seeing the futility of winning the war. In 1868, he participated in the Beecher Island battle. During the battle he warned Roman Nose not to go into battle until he fixed his broken medicine and to do it quickly so that he could join the fight. During 1869, Tall Bull was shot dead, during an ambush by Maj Frank North at a ravine near White Butte.
At a peace council in 1867 he argued that the whites and the soldiers should stop making war upon the Cheyenne by invading the Cheyenne land and instigating further calamities. Furthermore, they should stop telling the Cheyenne that they should give up their land to have peace. Their Indian agent Edward Wynkoop tried bartering a peace with direct tones that were none too conciliatory. During one peace talk Tall Bull personally stopped the great Cheyenne warrior Roman Nose from killing Gen. Winfield Hancock.
Tall Bull was killed in the Battle of Summit Springs on 11 July 1869. Not even a year had passed after the death of his fellow Dog Soldier, the great Roman Nose, on September 17, 1868. Also dead was Chief Black Kettle. The war societies were devastated due to their loss of leadership. The Cheyenne never recovered and were no longer a threat on the southern Great Plains.

Native American Pride

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