29/01/2022
The Coffins of Arthur’s Seat
Arthur's Seat is a rocky peak which overlooks the historic Scottish capital of Edinburgh. It was on a summer’s day there in 1836 that a group of young boys made the discovery of 17 intricate miniature coffins made of wood and tin. Each contained a carved and clothed wooden figure. Approaching two centuries later and the origin and meaning of the Coffins of Arthur’s Seat remains a subject of bafflement and intrigue and arguably the most peculiar ancient discovery in Edinburgh’s long and storied history.
The find was first announced on July 16th, 1836, after a lengthy publication was released in The Scotsman. The boys had been hunting for rabbits on the mountain’s slopes and stumbled across a small cave blocked with slabs of stone. Having moved the stone, the boys uncovered 17 coffins, each just 3.7 inches in length. Every one housed a wide eyed figure with a painted face and dressed in stitched cotton attire and boots. Some of the figures had their arms removed. The Scotsman noted that some of the coffins were in a much worse state of decomposition than others, an indication that the process of leaving these mini-coffins in the cave may have been a continual one over time and not just a one-time thing.
“…facts indicated by the rotten and decayed state of the first tier of coffins and their wooden mummies, while the coffin last placed, and its shrouded tenant, are as clean and fresh as if only a few days had elapsed since their entombment."
The Scotsman, July of 1836
The find caused a great murmur of excitement. Some theories were plausible and serious and for which rational evidence existed. But these were more than offset by the outlandish and supernatural suggestions that enthralled the inhabitants of a 19th century Edinburgh still deeply mired in superstition leanings. With Edinburgh’s long association with witches and burnings at the stake in Edinburgh Castle many cried witchcraft, while others surmised it to be a dark ritualistic offering to Satan himself. Another hunch was that they were the result of an ancient Saxon custom where effigies are buried in a surrogate commemoration of “departed friends who died in a distant land.” A further suggestion is that they mark the death of sailors lost at sea, left there by grieving widows.
But a theory emerged in 1994 that now probably persists above all others; the dolls were closely associated with Edinburgh’s infamous serial killing duo of William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were involved in a dark underground cadaver trade in early 1800’s Edinburgh. They began their began their murderous career almost by accident, when an elderly tenant of Hare’s boarding house in the West Port died, owing him money. To recoup the losses, Burke and Hare sold the old man’s body to Dr Robert Knox, for use in his anatomy school in Surgeon’s Square. After killing multiple vagrants they then would lure people to an inn, murder them and for a sizeable fee deliver their still-warm co**se to the University of Edinburgh where it would be used for medical dissection and training by students. The exact number of Burke and Hare victims is often touted as being 17, which would tie in nicely, a coffin for every killing.
It was only a matter of time before the law caught up with them, and in November 1828, the murderous duo were arrested. Hare turned King’s witness and, granted immunity from prosecution, he sold his old friend down the river. At 8.30am on Christmas morning, 1828, Burke was charged with murder. On 28 January 1829, he was hanged in Edinburgh’s Lawnmarket before a crowd of thousands. The following day, his body was publicly dissected at the University of Edinburgh Medical School – the punishment fitting the crime indeed.
But not everyone buys the Burke and Hare theory. First and foremost, all the dolls are dressed as men. Burke and Hare indiscriminately killed men, women and children. Also, the figure's eyes are wide open, which would appear to contradict the appearance of a deceased person. Furthermore, they potentially pedate the timeline of the dastardly duo.
In 2014 there was a peculiar addition to the coffin’s lore. The National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh which houses the Coffins of Arthur’s Seat received a box with no return address. Inside contained an exact replica of one of the coffins, exact down to the details on the coffin’s lid. Contained with the mystery offering was a handwritten note thanking the museum for "caring for the coffins". The note began with the Roman numerals "XVIII". It was a likely nod to it being the 18th coffin as well another layer of intrigue to add to the mystery...