01/12/2023
In the name of Allah, the Most High.
Allah SWT says in the Chapter of Women:
(وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ
فَانكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَعُولُوٱ (3)
"If you fear you cannot act fairly towards the orphans—then marry the women you like—two, or three, or four. But if you fear you will not be fair, then one, or what you already have (as slaves); That makes it more likely that you avoid bias."
Matters Arising:
Allah SWT began the verse by proclaiming against the unethical practice of marrying orphaned women without giving them the equivalent value of their bride price.
He SWT then provided that we as Muslims are given the divine permission to marry up to twos, threes and fours, thus capping the maximum number of wives at four wives.
He SWT also decreed in the verse that we shouldn't marry more than one wife if we fear to do justice between them. However, the He SWT mentioned only justice because it reminisces with one of His attributes, which is ADL (Justice) but this doesn't preclude that we are required to satisfy other conditions before consummating any polygamous union.
Is it necessary or obligatory to marry more than wife?
The answer could be YES or NO.
In the noble verse, Allah SWT uses the phrase (ما طاب) with the word (ما), which holds various meanings in Arabic language but should be interpreted in the right context:
1. The word (ما) could be used as ما موصولية (Maa Mausūliyyah), which implies that if it is what is intended by Allah SWT in the verse, it would to stand to mean that we should marry women who are permissible for us to do so, regardless of any attendant condition. This interpretation doesn't seem to fit in well with the context of the verse.
2. The word (ما) could also be used as ما مصدرية (Maa Masdariyyah), which implies that if that is what intended by Allah SWT in the verse, it would stand to hold that we should marry women who possess all good feminine features including permissibility, regardless of any attendant condition. This interpretation doesn't as well seem to fit in well with the context of the verse.
3. The word (ما) could as well be used as ما شرطية (Maa Shartiyyah), which implies that if it is what is intended by Allah SWT, it would stand to imply that we should marry women IF we are well conditioned (if the permissible conditions are properly satisfied) for us to do so. This interpretation appears to fit in well with the context of the verse. This is because Allah SWT ends the verse with precedent condition of doing justice between women, which is supposed to be satisfied if we are prepared to marry more than one wife.
On the basis of the foregoing, we are therefore required to fundamentally ensure that the following conditions are or will be satisfied if we are to marry more than one woman:
1. Finance: Ensure that you have the financial muscle to take care of the wives, even if they are richer than you are. Allah SWT proclaimed in the Chapter of the Women: "Men are domineered over women in relation to what Allah has elevated some of them over others and in relation to what they (the men) spend on (the women). Verse 34. If this isn't satisfied, it can lead to a broken home.
2. Male vitality: Ensure that you have adequate masculine vitality and capacity to be able to handle every bed obligation with all the wives in turn without any failure. Allah SWT described matrimonial men and women as GARMENTS for each other in Verse 187 of the Chapter of the Cow. The 'garment phrase' used in the verse is an idiomatic expression about active bed duty, which is supposed to be appropriately satisfied, as provided in the verse, by the man with full consent of the woman. If this isn't done, it can lead to a broken home.
3. Equity (Justice): Ensure that you make justice between all the wives in relation to provisions of clothing, housing and nutrition. If you fail to observe this, you turn up on the Day of Judgement with one part of your body falling off, as narrated from Prophet Muhammad SAW. Subhānallah. In verse 3 of the Chapter of Women, Allah SWT observed: "And if you cannot do justice between them, marry only one ..."
4. Emotional Capacity: Ensure that you have the emotional capacity to handle more than one wife. This is because men are created to be emotionally stronger than women in dealing with each other but if you can't demonstrate this emotional strength and intelligence, then you can't control the multiple matrimonial home, which can lead to a broken home. This is alluded to as part of what Allah SWT said in Verse 34 of the Chapter of Women in relation to capacity differences between men and women.
However, if you have or will be able to satisfy all four conditions as mentioned above in polygamy and are apprehensive of committing formication or adultery in monogamy, then it would be binding on you to marry more than one.
Allah SWT knows best.