22/06/2024
#๐๐จ๐๐๐ฒ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐๐, ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ฬ ๐๐ข๐๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ญ๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐๐๐ง๐จ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐
๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐จ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ค๐๐ซ, ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐๐ฎ๐ข๐๐ฉ๐จ, ๐๐๐ง๐ข๐ฅ๐, ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ. ๐๐ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ค๐ง๐จ๐ฐ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐๐ค๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐
๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐จ-๐ฆ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐-๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฆ, ๐ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ญ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ณ๐๐ซ๐ณ๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐, "๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ค๐ข๐" (๐๐๐๐).
Born in a generation of great political and technological changes in the Philippines, Nepomuceno was 4 years old when films (silent film) were shown for the first time in the country in 1897 at Salon de Pertierra in Escolta, Manila via a chronophotograph.
In that same year, Antonio Ramos, a Spanish officer from Barcelona, brought the Lumierre Cinematograph in August and was able to show 30 films in Escolta. Soon, movie theaters sprouted--Cine Walgrah in Intramuros (1900), Cinematographo Parisien in Quiapo (1902), among others.
Nepomuceno and his family, while living near these theaters, was also exposed to zarzuelas which captured the nationalist sentiment of the time. It utilized allegory, branded by American administrators as subversive, to portray the Filipinos' strong aspiration for independence.
In 1915, Jose and his brother Jesus opened their own photography shop, the Electro-Parnelio. It became popular among camera users. Eventually, he sold the shop to purchase his own film camera from the Rizalina Film Company, and began tinkering with it.
In January 1918, Nepomuceno was able to record the funeral of the first wife of Sergio Osmeรฑa, Doรฑa Estefania Veloso. Film historian Nick de Ocampo argues that it was the first ever Filipino-made documentary. Soon, Nepomuceno established Malayan Movies as his own company in 1917, and began directing films.
Nepomuceno wanted to have the Tagalog zarzuela "Dalagang Bukid" by Hermogenes Ilagan and Leon Ignacio on film. In this project, he was privileged to get the cooperation of the entire original cast, with lead actors Atang de la Rama (National Artist) and Marcellano Ilagan. Dalagang Bukid was finally shown on 12 September 1919 which is marked in Philippine history as the birth date of Philippine Cinema.
Nepomuceno became a correspondent of British Pathรฉ and Paramount Pictures. His newsreels such as those that featuring Pancho Villa and an earthquake in Japan in 1923, were shown abroad.
Soon, the American colonial government in the Philippines entered into contract with Nepomuceno's Malayan Movies to show newsreels of the Philippines. Unfortunately many of these did not survive because his studio burnt down twice (1921 and 1923), due to the inflammable nitrate films.
However, Nepomuceno's film company grew. Malayan Movies became the Malayan Pictures Corporation, which was the premier domestic silent film producer in the country at the time.
With the arrival of films with sound, Nepomuceno established his own sound studio and production company in 1935--the Parlatone Hispano-Filipino Inc. However, due to internal disagreements he was ousted from the board. Never giving up, he established XโOtic Films in 1938, and continued to produce and direct films. Most of these films prior to the Second World War were decimated in the destruction of Manila in 1945.
Nepomuceno was a pioneer in the field, acknowledged in the post-war years as he continued to film till his death on 1 December 1959. His legacy was celebrated when the Philippines commemorated the Centennial Year of Philippine Cinema in 2019.