每日一經濟學人 Daily x The Economist

06/11/2024

Republicans flip control of the Senate !!

Republicans flip control of the Senate, CNN projects. The House has not been called, and the race for the White House is tight in battlegrounds.

Follow live updates: https://cnn.it/3NWfUK8

06/11/2024

持續關注美國總統大選！

View maps and real-time results for the 2024 US presidential election matchup between former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris. For more information, visit cnn.com/election.

07/10/2024

#1138 (全球大新聞彙整) #每日一經濟學人 #國際時事 #英文學習

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📢📢September 28TH 2024 - October 4TH 2024
2024年9月28日 - 2024年10月4日

🌏The world this week: politics
全球大新聞彙整：政治篇

1️⃣Labour held its first annual conference as Britain’s governing party for 15 years. Things have not gone smoothly for the new government since July’s election, and its poll ratings are sliding fast. In his conference speech Sir Keir Starmer, the prime minister, said his policies would be “tough in the short term” but that there was light at the end of the tunnel. Businesses and households must wait for the budget on October 30th to find out whether their taxes will rise.

(英國) 工黨 (Labour) 舉行了十五年來首次以執政黨身份召開的年度大會。自 (2024年) 7月大選以來，新政府的運作並不順利，且其民調支持度正在快速下滑。(英國) 首相施凱爾 (Sir Keir Starmer) 在大會演講中提到：他的政策在短期內會很「艱難」，但隧道盡頭仍有光明。至於稅收是否會上調，企業和家庭需等到 (2024年) 10月30日的預算案出爐才能知曉。

2️⃣Kenya said it would deploy another 600 peacekeepers to Haiti, boosting its force there to 1,000. The transitional government in Haiti recently created an electoral council with the aim of holding an election by February 2026, which would be the country’s first in a decade.

肯亞 (Kenya，位於東非) 表示將再派遣六百名維和部隊前往海地 (Haiti，位於加勒比海)，使該國的維和人員總數增至一千人。海地的過渡政府最近成立了一個選舉委員會，其目標是在 2026年2月之前舉行選舉，而這將是該國十年來的首次選舉。

3️⃣In an unexpected twist, S. Iswaran, a former transport minister in Singapore, pleaded guilty to obtaining valuable items from a Formula One racing promoter while he was in office. It is the first corruption case involving a Singaporean minister since 1986.

在一個意想不到的變故中，新加坡前交通部長易華仁 (S. Iswaran) 承認在任職期間從一位一級方程式 (Formula One，俗稱 F1) 賽車推廣者獲得了有價值的物品。這是自 1986年以來首起涉及新加坡部長的貪污案件。

4️⃣Joe Biden gave his final speech to the UN General Assembly, where he insisted that a diplomatic solution to Israel’s war with Hamas and Hizbullah was still possible. Volodymyr Zelensky struck a more martial tone, telling the delegates that Russia must be “forced into peace”. The Ukrainian president spoke to the UN before unveiling his plan for victory to the Americans.

拜登 (Joe Biden，美國總統) 在聯合國大會 (UN General Assembly) 上發表了他的最後一次演說，並重申以色列與哈馬斯 (Hamas，伊斯蘭抵抗運動) 及真主黨 (Hizbullah，旨為消滅以色列並逐出西方勢力的伊斯蘭政治和軍事組織) 之間的衝突仍有可能透過外交手段來解決。澤倫斯基 (Volodymyr Zelensky，烏克蘭總統) 則採取了更具軍事色彩的語氣，即告訴與會代表們：俄國必須被「迫使和平」。烏克蘭總統在聯合國發言後，即向美國展示了他的勝利計畫。

5️⃣Police in Tanzania arrested three opposition leaders ahead of a planned anti-government protest. Although they were later released, critics worried that the detentions were the latest sign that the country is reverting to the repression which Samia Suluhu Hassan, the president, had promised to break. Earlier this month an opposition figure was found dead after being abducted by armed men.

坦尚尼亞 (Tanzania，東非國家) 警方在計劃中的反政府抗議活動前逮捕了三名反對派領袖。儘管他們隨後獲釋，但批評人士擔心這些拘留是該國回歸壓迫的最新跡象，而這正是總統 Samia Suluhu Hassan 曾承諾要終結的。這個月 (2024年9月) 早些時候，一名反對派人士在被武裝人員綁架後被發現死亡。

🌏The world this week: business
全球大新聞彙整：商業篇

1️⃣It emerged that Qualcomm has approached Intel about a friendly takeover. Intel has fallen behind rivals such as Nvidia and AMD in the market for artificial-intelligence processors. In August a poor earnings report and tepid forecasts rattled investors, wiping $32bn off its market value. The company recently announced a turnaround plan, which focuses on turning its foundry business into an independent subsidiary. Intel’s share price rose on the news of Qualcomm’s offer, but the stock is still down by over 50% this year.

高通 (Qualcomm，美國晶片大廠) 已與英特爾 (Intel，美國半導體公司) 接洽，且提出友好收購的方案。英特爾在人工智慧處理器市場上已落後於輝達 (Nvidia，美國 GPU 晶片大廠) 和 AMD (美國超微半導體公司) 等競爭對手。其 (2024年) 8月的財報不佳及疲軟的預測讓投資人們感到不安，並導致公司市值蒸發了 320億美元。英特爾最近宣佈了一項扭虧計畫，而重點是將其晶片廠業務轉變為獨立子公司。高通提出收購的消息使英特爾股價上漲，但今年其股價仍下跌超過 50%。

2️⃣China’s central bank unveiled a raft of measures aimed at boosting stockmarkets and providing more help to the country’s beleaguered property market. The bank is lowering its policy interest rate by 0.2 percentage points, and the rate on existing mortgages by half a point, and reducing reserve requirements for banks. Analysts noted the relatively large size of the cuts and the unexpected guidance on future policy. China’s stockmarkets surged in response.

中國央行公佈了一系列措施，旨在提振股市並進一步支持受到重創的房地產市場。該行將政策利率下調了 0.2個百分點，即現有抵押貸款利率下調了 0.5個百分點，並同時降低銀行的準備金要求。分析師們指出：這些降息幅度相對較大，並且對未來政策的指引出乎意料。中國股市隨之大幅上漲。

3️⃣The head of Boeing’s defence and space division stepped down with immediate effect, the first big senior departure since Kelly Ortberg took over as chief executive in August. The division has been losing money for years. Meanwhile, the union representing striking workers at Boeing’s factories in the Pacific north-west rejected the company’s latest pay offer.

波音 (Boeing，美國飛機製造商) 國防和太空部門的負責人立即辭職，這是自 Kelly Ortberg 於 (2024年) 8月接任執行長以來的首次重大高層人事變動。該部門已連續多年虧損。與此同時，代表波音在太平洋西北地區工廠罷工工人們之工會拒絕了公司的最新薪酬提案。

4️⃣Once considered the future of car-battery manufacturing in Europe, Northvolt announced that it would cut its workforce by 20% and suspend a planned expansion. Some of the Swedish startup’s problems are of its own making, though it has struggled to attract investors amid slowing demand for electric vehicles in Europe. The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association has noted that the EV market is on a “continual downward trajectory”, and called on the EU to rethink its timeline for banning petrol-powered cars.

曾被視為歐洲汽車電池製造的未來，諾斯沃特 (Northvolt，瑞典電池製造商) 宣佈將裁減 20% 的員工並暫停計畫中的擴張。這家瑞典新創公司的部分問題源於自身之決策，但在歐洲對電動車需求減弱的情況下，諾斯沃特一直難以吸引投資人。歐洲汽車製造商協會指出：電動車市場正處於「持續下降的趨勢」，並呼籲歐盟 (EU) 重新考慮禁止汽油動力車輛的時間表。

5️⃣Nike’s share price retained the gains it made after the sportswear maker ditched John Donahoe as chief executive and replaced him with Elliott Hill, a veteran executive who has come out of retirement to lead the company.

耐吉 (Nike) 的股價在這家運動服製造商解除 John Donahoe 執行長職務並由資深高管 Elliott Hill 接任後，繼續保留其成長幅度。後者在退休後重返公司，並接掌領導層職位。

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24/09/2024

#1137 (全球大新聞彙整) #每日一經濟學人 #國際時事 #英文學習

❗️支持用心的內容、認真的團隊！您的贊助是我們持續的動力：https://pay.soundon.fm/podcasts/6d171128-db4f-4eb6-ad82-56250a3f1cbb

📢📢September 21ST 2024 - September 27TH 2024
2024年9月21日 - 2024年9月27日

🌏The world this week: politics
全球大新聞彙整：政治篇

1️⃣Faced with a demographic crisis and looming pension shortfalls, China said it would raise its strikingly low retirement ages for men and women for the first time since the 1950s. Starting next year, the pensionable age for most workers will begin to move closer to rich-world norms.

因應人口危機及養老金緊缺問題，中國宣佈自 1950年代以來首次調高男女退休年齡。從明年 (2025年) 起，大部分勞工的退休年齡將逐漸接近發達國家之常規標準。

2️⃣In an unusual gesture Javier Milei, Argentina’s president, presented the government’s budget to Congress himself. In a televised set-piece speech he railed against the profligate “miserable rats” in the opposition and repeatedly said there would be “zero deficit”. Any legislation which threatens that would be vetoed, he promised. Markets cheered the speech, sending one measure of the risk of default to its lowest level in three months.

阿根廷總統米萊 (Javier Milei) 採取了不尋常的舉措，即親自向國會提交政府預算。在一場重要的電視直播演說中，他猛烈抨擊反對黨內的「可憐守財奴」，並多次強調將實現「零赤字」。米萊承諾，任何威脅到此一目標的立法都將遭否決。市場對他的演講反應熱烈，並導致一項衡量違約風險的指標降至三個月以來的最低程度。

3️⃣America’s Secret Service came under pressure again, after a gunman hid undetected for 12 hours on Donald Trump’s golf course in Florida. Agents saw the man and fired shots at him, with Mr Trump on the course about 350 metres away. The FBI said it was an attempted assassination, the second in two months to target the Republican. The suspect, who is reportedly a fervent supporter of Ukraine and tried to recruit Afghans to help its fight against Russia, was arrested.

美國特勤局 (Secret Service) 再次面臨壓力，因為一名槍手在佛羅里達州 (Florida) 之川普高爾夫球場上潛伏了 12小時而未被發現。特勤局特工看到了該名男子並對他開槍，而當時川普大約在 350公尺外的球場上。聯邦調查局 (FBI) 表示這是一起刺殺未遂事件，而距離上次針對這位共和黨人 (指川普) 的刺殺案僅兩個月。據報導，嫌疑人是一名狂熱的烏克蘭支持者，並曾試圖招募阿富汗人協助對抗俄國，而他最終被逮捕。

4️⃣Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, unveiled her new commissioners. The biggest surprise was the resignation of Thierry Breton, a French heavyweight who was in charge of the internal market. He had fallen out with Mrs von der Leyen and she reportedly said she could no longer work with him. Teresa Ribera, an environmental minister in Spain, is the new competition commissioner. She will replace Margrethe Vestager, who imposed huge fines on American tech firms.

歐盟執委會 (European Commission) 主席馮德萊恩 (Ursula von der Leyen) 公佈了她的新任委員們。最讓人震驚的是，負責內部市場的法國籍重量級人物 Thierry Breton 請辭。他與馮德萊恩發生了衝突，而據報導她 (指馮德萊恩) 表示無法再與 Thierry Breton 共事。西班牙籍的環境部長 Teresa Ribera 將擔任新的商業競爭委員，以取代曾對美國科技巨頭們處以巨額罰款的 (丹麥籍) Margrethe Vestager。

5️⃣At least 12 people were killed, including two children, and 2,800 injured when thousands of pagers used by members of Hizbullah, an Iranian-backed militia, exploded in Lebanon and Syria. The next day walkie-talkies blew up across Lebanon, killing another 20 people and injuring 450. Israel is assumed to be behind the attacks. It is thought that Israeli agents planted explosive substances inside the devices before they were imported into Lebanon. Israel had just expanded its war aims to include the safe return of 60,000 evacuees, displaced by Hizbullah rockets, to the country's north.

成千上萬部由伊朗支持的武裝組織真主黨 (Hizbullah) 成員所使用的呼叫器在黎巴嫩和敘利亞爆炸，造成至少 12人遇難，其中含兩名兒童、2,800人受傷。次日，黎巴嫩各地的對講機也發生爆炸，造成另外 20人死亡、450人受傷。以色列被認為是這些攻擊事件的幕後主使。據悉，以色列特務們在這些設備進口到黎巴嫩之前，已將炸藥埋藏其中。以色列已擴大了戰爭目標，包括讓六萬名因真主黨火箭而流離失所的撤離者們安全返回該國北部。

🌏The world this week: business
全球大新聞彙整：商業篇

1️⃣The Federal Reserve cut interest rates for the first time since March 2020, reducing its key rate by half a percentage point to a range of between 4.75% and 5%. The central bank suggested it would cut rates again later this year. With inflationary pressures easing, the Fed is pivoting to tackle a cooler labour market.

美聯準 (Federal Reserve，即美國央行) 自 2020年3月以來首次降息，將基準利率下調了半個百分點，至 4.75 - 5% 之間。該央行表示可能在今年 (2024年) 後期再次降息。隨著通膨壓力減輕，美聯準正在轉向應對降溫的勞動市場。

2️⃣BP decided to get out of the wind-power business in America and put its operational wind farms, spread across seven states, up for sale. The energy company wants to focus on solar energy in its renewables portfolio instead. Solar capacity is expected to vastly exceed that of wind in America over the next decade.

BP (英國石油巨頭) 決定退出其美國的風力發電業務，並將其在七個州的運營風電場出售。這家能源公司希望在可再生能源組合中專注於太陽能。預計在未來十年，美國的太陽能容量將大幅超過風能容量。

3️⃣BlackRock launched a $30bn investment fund aimed at expanding the infrastructure that powers artificial intelligence at data centres and the new energy sources needed to support AI. The fund, one of the biggest of its type ever in America, is backed by Microsoft and MGX, an investment firm in Abu Dhabi. Nvidia will offer its expertise. The $30bn that the fund raises from private capital swells to a potential $100bn when debt financing is included.

貝萊德 (BlackRock，美國投資管理公司) 推出了一個三百億美元的投資基金，並旨在擴大支持人工智慧所需的數據中心基礎設施以及支持人工智慧的新能源。這個基金是美國有史以來最大類型的基金之一，且得到了微軟 (Microsoft) 和 MGX (阿布達比投資公司) 的支持。輝達 (Nvidia) 將提供其專業知識。該基金從私募資本籌集的三百億美元在加入債務融資後，其潛在總額可達一千億美元。

4️⃣With its share price down by more than half this year, Intel said it would pause the expansion of its chipmaking capacity in Germany and Poland for two years. The company wants to focus on turning its foundry business, which produces processors for other chipmakers, into an independent subsidiary. The German government had promised €10bn ($11bn) in subsidies to Intel to build a new factory.

由於今年其股價下跌超過一半，英特爾 (Intel，美國半導體公司) 宣佈將暫停在德國和波蘭擴大晶片製造量能的計畫、為期兩年。該公司希望專注於將其為別的晶片製造商生產處理器之代工業務轉型為獨立子公司。德國政府曾承諾提供 100億歐元 (約合 110億美元) 補助，以支持英特爾建立新廠。

5️⃣The European Union’s General Court ruled that Google should not pay a €1.5bn ($1.7bn) fine imposed on it by the European Commission in 2019 for forcing websites to use its AdSense platform to place search ads. The court found that the commission’s antitrust regulator had failed to show how innovation had been hampered. It was a big win for Google, coming a week after the European Court of Justice upheld a €2.4bn penalty against it in a separate case.

歐盟 (European Union) 普通法院 (General Court) 裁定谷歌 (Google) 不必支付歐盟執委會 (European Commission) 於 2019年對其強制網站使用旗下 AdSense 平台投放搜尋廣告而開出的 15億歐元 (17億美元) 罰款。法院認為，執委會的反壟斷監管機構未能證明創新受到阻礙。這對谷歌而言是一大勝利，尤其是在歐盟法院 (European Court of Justice) 一週前維持其需支付另一宗案件的 24億歐元罰款之後。

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18/09/2024

#1136 (全球大新聞彙整) #每日一經濟學人 #國際時事 #英文學習

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📢📢September 14TH 2024 - September 20TH 2024
2024年9月14日 - 2024年9月20日

🌏The world this week: politics
全球大新聞彙整：政治篇

1️⃣Kamala Harris and Donald Trump held possibly their only televised debate of America’s presidential campaign. Ms Harris, the vice-president, put Mr Trump on the back foot; at times he seemed to be the incumbent defending his record. Polling suggested viewers thought Ms Harris performed better than her rival. Before the event opinion polls indicated the race was tightening, and that Ms Harris’s momentum was slowing.

賀錦麗 (Kamala Harris，美國副總統) 與川普 (Donald Trump，前美國總統) 進行了可能是 (今年) 美國總統大選前唯一的電視辯論。在辯論中，副總統賀錦麗讓川普陷入劣勢；有時他 (指川普) 顯得在為自己的執政記錄辯護。民調顯示觀眾們認為賀錦麗的表現優於對手。辯論前的民調顯示選情日趨緊張，且賀錦麗的氣勢略有減弱。

2️⃣America, Britain, France and Germany imposed new sanctions on Iran for supplying Russia with ballistic missiles for use in Ukraine. The penalties include further restrictions on Iran Air’s flights to and from Europe. Antony Blinken, America’s secretary of state, has said that Russia is increasingly reliant on Iran and North Korea for weapons. Ahead of a visit to Kyiv by Mr Blinken, Joe Biden suggested he was looking for ways to allow Ukraine to use American long-range missiles against Russia.

美國、英國、法國和德國因伊朗向俄國提供用於烏克蘭 (戰爭) 的彈道飛彈，對伊朗實施了新一波制裁。這些懲處措施包括進一步限制伊朗航空 (Iran Air) 往返歐洲的航班。美國國務卿布林肯 (Antony Blinken) 指出俄國越來越依賴伊朗和北韓提供武器。就在布林肯訪問基輔 (Kyiv，烏克蘭首都) 之前，拜登 (Joe Biden，美國總統) 表示他正在尋找允許烏克蘭使用美國遠程飛彈對抗俄國之途徑。

3️⃣Around 100,000 trade unionists and leftists protested across France against the appointment of Michel Barnier as prime minister. Emmanuel Macron gave the job to Mr Barnier, who hails from the centre-right, after two months of deadlock following July’s parliamentary election, at which left-wing parties won the most seats but fell far short of a majority.

約有十萬名工會人士和左翼人士在法國各地抗議 Michel Barnier 被任命為 (法國) 總理。經過兩個月的僵局後，馬克宏 (Emmanuel Macron，法國總統) 在 (今年) 七月的國會選舉後，將總理職務交給了來自中右派的 Michel Barnier。雖然在此次選舉中左翼政黨獲得了較多席次，但仍遠未達到多數。

4️⃣The Labor government in Australia said it wanted to ban young people up to the age of 16 from access to social media. It has started testing a programme that restricts those aged 16 and under from viewing pornographic sites. Experts warned that implementing age-verification checks was fraught with complications.

澳洲的工黨 (Labor) 政府表示希望禁止 16歲以下的青少年使用社群媒體。政府已開始測試一項計畫，即限制 16歲及以下的人訪問色情網站。專家警告實施年齡驗證檢查存在著諸多的複雜問題。

5️⃣Pope Francis continued his 12-day tour of South-East Asia. Around 600,000 worshippers attended a mass in East Timor, almost half the island’s 1.3m people. Papal masses have drawn far bigger crowds elsewhere but, as a share of the population, this week’s gathering is thought to be the largest ever.

教宗方濟各 (Pope Francis，天主教會第266任教宗) 持續為期 12天的東南亞巡訪。在東帝汶 (East Timor) 約有 60萬名信徒參加了彌撒，幾乎是該島國 130萬人口的一半。儘管教宗在其他地方的彌撒吸引了更大的人群，但這次集會按人口比例來說被認為是歷史上最大的一次。

🌏The world this week: business
全球大新聞彙整：商業篇

1️⃣Mario Draghi released his long-awaited report regarding European growth and competitiveness. Mr Draghi, who has been president of the European Central Bank and prime minister of Italy, focused on boosting innovation, calling for the EU countries to combine their research spending and create a new super-agency for advanced projects. As well as easing competition rules to enable consolidation, the report calls for the integration of capital markets. Mr Draghi said his recommendations were not a case of do or die, but rather one of do this, “or it’s a slow agony.”

Mario Draghi 發表了備受關注之有關歐洲成長與競爭力的報告。他曾擔任歐洲央行 (European Central Bank) 行長和義大利總理；他在報告中強調促進創新、呼籲歐盟國家整合其研究支出，並建立一個新的超級機構來推動高階計畫。報告還建議放寬競爭規則以促進整合，並推動資本市場之整合。他亦表示自己的建議並非非做不可，而是要麼這樣做，「要麼就會慢慢遭受折磨」。

2️⃣The European Court of Justice ruled that Apple must pay €13bn ($14.3bn) in back taxes, overturning a lower court’s decision in 2020 that had dismissed the order from the European Commission. The case arose from the commission’s finding in 2016 that Apple benefited from an unlawful deal on corporate tax in Ireland, where it had established its European base. The company said the commission was “trying to retroactively change the rules” on corporate tax. In another victory for the commission, the ECJ upheld a €2.4bn fine against Google from 2017 for pushing its own shopping search results over those of its competitors.

歐盟法院 (European Court of Justice，ECJ) 裁定蘋果公司 (Apple) 必須補繳 130億歐元 (143億美元) 之稅款，並推翻了 2020年下級法院裁決該筆款項不需支付的決定。此案源於歐盟執委會在 2016年的調查結果，因執委會發現蘋果公司在愛爾蘭 (Ireland) 獲得了一項非法的企業稅優惠，而愛爾蘭是蘋果公司設立其歐洲總部的地點。蘋果公司表示執委會正試圖「追溯性地改變」企業稅規則。此外，歐盟法院還維持了對谷歌公司 (Google) 2017年處以 24億歐元罰款之判決，因其將自家購物搜尋結果優先於競爭對手。

3️⃣OPEC trimmed its forecasts and now thinks global demand for oil will grow by 2m barrels a day this year, which is still above the 1.4m b/d growth seen before the pandemic. Oil prices have tumbled to their lowest point this year. Brent crude is trading around $72 a barrel.

石油輸出國組織 (OPEC) 近期下調了其預測，即預計今年全球對石油的需求每天將增加 200萬桶，但仍高於疫情前預期的每日 140萬桶。油價已降至今年的最低點：目前布蘭特原油 (Brent crude，廣泛用作國際油價之基準) 的交易價格約為每桶 72美元。

4️⃣America’s annual inflation rate fell sharply in August, to 2.5%, though core inflation, which excludes food and energy prices, was surprisingly high. The Federal Reserve is expected to cut interest rates for the first time in four years when it meets on September 18th.

美國 (今年) 八月的年度通膨率大幅下降至 2.5%，然而剔除食品和能源價格的核心通膨率仍然出乎意料地高。美聯準 (Federal Reserve，即美國央行) 預計將於 (今年) 9月18日的會議上進行四年來的首次降息。

5️⃣Following intense lobbying from Wall Street, the Fed said it would cut roughly in half the extra capital that America’s largest banks will be required to hold under new rules that fall under the Basel framework. The Bank of England also announced that it is watering down the rules.

在華爾街 (Wall Street，位於美國紐約曼哈頓、全球金融中心) 的強力遊說下，美聯準表示根據巴塞爾協議 (Basel，旨在維護全球資本市場之穩定) 的新規定，將削減約一半美國最大銀行所需持有的額外資本。(與此同時) 英格蘭銀行 (Bank of England，即英國央行) 也宣佈放寬相關規定。

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11/09/2024

#1135 (全球大新聞彙整) #每日一經濟學人 #國際時事 #英文學習

❗️支持用心的內容、認真的團隊！您的贊助是我們持續的動力：https://pay.soundon.fm/podcasts/6d171128-db4f-4eb6-ad82-56250a3f1cbb

📢📢September 7TH 2024 - September 13TH 2024
2024年9月7日 - 2024年9月13日

🌏The world this week: politics
全球大新聞彙整：政治篇

1️⃣Vladimir Putin took a trip to Mongolia, the first visit by the Russian president to a member-country of the International Criminal Court since the court issued a warrant for his arrest 18 months ago. The ICC and Ukraine urged Mongolia to take Mr Putin into custody, but instead he was whisked away for talks held in a yurt. Mongolia gets almost all its petrol from Russia. One of the ICC’s current judges is Mongolian.

(俄國總統) 普丁出訪蒙古，這是自國際刑事法院 (International Criminal Court，ICC) 18個月前對普丁發出逮捕令以來，他首次造訪該法院之成員國。國際刑事法院與烏克蘭敦促蒙古拘捕普丁，但他卻被迅速安排進入蒙古包內進行會談。蒙古的石油幾乎完全依賴俄國供應。現任國際刑事法院的一位法官為蒙古籍。

2️⃣In Germany the anti-immigration Alternative for Germany (AfD) won its first-ever state election, taking 33% of the vote in Thuringia, which includes the town of Weimar. It will not be able to form a state government, however, as no other party will work with it. In Saxony, another former East German state, the AfD came a close second, with 31% of the vote, behind the Christian Democrats, on 32%. The two state elections were a disaster for the federal ruling coalition. The Social Democrats, Greens and Liberals all saw their share of the vote fall to single digits.

在德國，反移民政黨德國另類選擇黨 (Alternative for Germany，AfD) 贏得了首個邦級選舉，即在圖林根邦 (Thuringia，該邦包括威瑪/Weimar 鎮) 獲得了 33% 的選票。然而，由於沒有其他政黨願意與其合作，德國另類選擇黨無法組建邦政府。在另一個前東德邦薩克森邦 (Saxony)，德國另類選擇黨以 31% 的選票緊隨基督教民主黨 (Christian Democrats) 的 32%、排名第二。這兩次邦級選舉對聯邦執政聯盟來說是場災難。社會民主黨 (Social Democrats)、綠黨 (Greens) 和自由黨 (Liberals) 的選票佔比均降至個位數。

3️⃣For the first time in 28 years, Nigeria is refining its own crude oil again. A refinery in Lagos, built at a cost of $20bn, will initially produce some 90,000 barrels of petrol a day, with an aim of ramping up to 330,000 barrels a day once it reaches full capacity.

28年以來，(西非) 奈及利亞首度再次煉製自產的原油。位於拉哥斯 (Lagos，奈國海港/最大城/經濟及金融中心) 的煉油廠建設費用達兩百億美元，而初期每日將產出約九萬桶汽油，並計劃在產能滿載後提升至每日 33萬桶。

4️⃣Canada’s New Democratic Party pulled out of an agreement that has kept the minority Liberal government of Justin Trudeau in power. The NDP accused the Liberals of not standing up to corporate interests. A general election is not due until October 2025, but Mr Trudeau may be forced to call one sooner.

加拿大新民主黨 (New Democratic Party，NDP) 退出了一項協議，而該協議使得杜魯道 (Justin Trudeau，加拿大總理) 的少數派自由黨 (Liberal) 政府得以繼續執政。新民主黨指責自由黨未能對抗企業利益。雖然下一次全國大選預訂在 2025年10月舉行，但杜魯道可能被迫提前召開選舉。

5️⃣A suicide-bomb in Kabul, Afghanistan’s capital, killed six people. Islamic State said it had carried out the attack (and claimed the death toll was 45) in response to the Taliban government’s transfer of prisoners to the Bagram security base, where America ran much of its operations when it had troops in the country.

阿富汗首都喀布爾 (Kabul) 發生一起自殺式炸彈攻擊、造成六人死亡。伊斯蘭國 (Islamic State) 承認發起了此次攻擊 (並聲稱死亡人數達 45人)，而該攻擊是對塔利班 (Taliban) 政府將囚犯轉移至巴格拉姆 (Bagram) 維安基地之回應，因該基地曾在美軍駐紮期間進行大部分的軍事行動。

🌏The world this week: business
全球大新聞彙整：商業篇

1️⃣Stockmarkets had their worst trading session since early August’s rout amid more fears of an economic slowdown. Tech companies suffered the most, led by Nvidia. It shed $279bn in market value, the most ever by one company in one day. Its stock fell again on reports that the Department of Justice had subpoenaed it in an antitrust investigation, which the company later denied. Intel’s stock dropped by 7% amid speculation that is about to be booted off the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The NASDAQ Composite fell by 3.3%. The sell-off spread to Asian and European markets.

股市在 (股民們) 對經濟放緩加劇的擔憂中經歷了自 (今年) 八月初以來最糟糕的交易日。科技公司受創最重，其中輝達 (Nvidia) 的損失最為嚴重。該公司市值一天內損失了 2,790億美元，創下單一公司一天內的最大跌幅。其股價因報導司法部 (Department of Justice) 已傳喚其參與反壟斷調查而再次下跌，但該公司 (指輝達) 隨後否認了此一報導。由於市場猜測英特爾 (Intel) 將被剔除出道瓊工業平均指數 (Dow Jones Industrial Average)，使其股價下跌了 7%。納斯達克綜合指數 (NASDAQ Composite) 下跌了 3.3%。賣盤潮蔓延至亞洲和歐洲市場。

2️⃣Stock in Rolls-Royce also had a turbulent time after a problem with one of its engines caused a Cathay Pacific flight en route to Zurich to turn back to Hong Kong. The airline inspected its entire fleet of Airbus A350s for any similar faults.

勞斯萊斯 (Rolls-Royce，全球三大航空引擎製造商) 的股票也經歷了一段波動期，此前因其一款引擎出現問題，導致一架前往蘇黎世 (Zurich，瑞士最大城) 的國泰航空 (Cathay Pacific) 航班折返香港。該航空公司 (隨後) 對其整個空中巴士 A350 機隊進行了全面檢查以排查類似故障。

3️⃣The decision of Brazil’s Supreme Court to shut down X in the country was met with disbelief by supporters of free speech. The entire court voted for the ban, which arose from a spat between one of its judges, Alexandre de Moraes, and Elon Musk, who owns the social-media platform. Mr Moraes had ordered X to remove some alleged fake-news accounts, which Mr Musk refused to do, citing free speech. Anyone in Brazil trying to gain access to X will now be fined $9,000 a day. The accounts of Starlink, Mr Musk’s satellite internet-provider, have also been frozen.

巴西最高法院 (Supreme Court) 決定在境內關閉 X (社群媒體平台)，引起了言論自由支持者的不滿。整個法院一致投票支持這項禁令，該禁令源於法官 Alexandre de Moraes 與該社群媒體平台擁有者馬斯克 (Elon Musk) 之間的爭執。該法官曾要求 X 刪除一些被指控為假新聞的帳戶，但馬斯克以言論自由為由拒絕執行。至今，任何嘗試在巴西登入 X 之人將面臨每日九千美元的罰款。馬斯克 (旗下) 的衛星網路供應商星鏈 (Starlink) 的帳戶也已被凍結。

4️⃣Unions in Germany reacted furiously to Volkswagen’s admission that a “comprehensive restructuring” meant it may have to close factories in the country for the first time in its 87-year history. Along with its European rivals, the German carmaker has been hit by competition from cheaper Chinese-made electric vehicles and it also faces reduced demand for its cars in China, its most profitable market. Oliver Blume, the chief executive, said the situation was serious, and decisive action had to be taken to save VW.

福斯汽車 (Volkswagen) 承認其「全面重組」可能意謂著該公司在 87年的歷史中首次需要關閉國內工廠，而此一消息引起了德國工會的激烈反應。與其歐洲競爭對手一樣，這家德國汽車製造商面臨來自中國便宜電動車的競爭，且在中國 (其最賺錢的市場) 之需求也有所下降。(福斯汽車) 執行長 Oliver Blume 表示情勢嚴峻，因此必須採取果斷行動以拯救福斯汽車。

5️⃣Nippon Steel pledged to appoint a majority of Americans to the board of US Steel, if its $15bn takeover of the company is approved. The Japanese group also emphasised that the new entity would be run by its North American subsidiary. The announcement came after Kamala Harris joined the chorus of politicians opposing the takeover on nationalist grounds. Joe Biden is reportedly preparing to block the deal.

日本製鐵 (Nippon Steel) 承諾如果其 150億美元收購美國鋼鐵 (US Steel) 的交易獲批，將委任多數美國人擔任該公司的董事會成員。該日本集團還強調新成立的事業體將由其北美子公司運營。此公告是在賀錦麗 (Kamala Harris，美國副總統) 加入了反對這次收購案的政治家行列，並以民族主義的立場表達了反對意見之後所發佈。據報導，拜登 (Joe Biden，美國總統) 正準備阻止這場交易。

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💪Daniel 老師 - 經濟學人討論課 (中)，名額/時段有限，馬上來報名：https://shorturl.at/CLzsU

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02/09/2024

#1134 (全球大新聞彙整) #每日一經濟學人 #國際時事 #英文學習

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📢📢August 31ST 2024 - September 6TH 2024
2024年8月31日 - 2024年9月6日

🌏The world this week: politics
全球大新聞彙整：政治篇

1️⃣Israeli warplanes bombed dozens of Hizbullah’s missile-launch sites in southern Lebanon. The militia group fired at least 200 rockets towards northern Israel; most were intercepted by Israel’s Iron Dome missile-defence system. Both sides then moved to de-escalate a skirmish many feared could get out of hand. Meanwhile, Israeli troops rescued an Israeli Bedouin hostage from a tunnel in Gaza. He had been kidnapped during the Hamas attacks in October 2023. And at least ten Palestinians were killed in Israeli counter-terrorism raids in four cities in the West Bank.

以色列戰機轟炸了黎巴嫩南部數十個真主黨 (Hizbullah，黎巴嫩境內的什葉派激進民兵組織) 的飛彈發射點。該民兵組織向以色列北部發射了至少兩百枚火箭，但大部分被以色列的「鐵穹 (Iron Dome)」導彈防禦系統攔截。雙方隨後開始降低衝突的緊張局勢，許多人擔心局勢可能失控。與此同時，以色列軍隊在加薩走廊 (Gaza) 的一條隧道中解救了一名以色列貝都因 (Bedouin，阿拉伯沙漠遊牧民族的後裔) 人質，他在 2023年10月哈馬斯 (Hamas) 襲擊期間被綁架。此外，在約旦河西岸 (West Bank) 四座城市的以色列反恐突襲中，至少有十名巴勒斯坦人喪生。

2️⃣Sudan marked 500 days of a civil war that has directly killed perhaps 150,000 people and forced more than 10m to flee from their homes. Experts warn that if food supplies cannot get through, the country could suffer a famine worse than anything the world has seen since at least the 1980s.

(非洲) 蘇丹內戰已持續了五百天、造成了約 15萬人喪生，並迫使超過一千萬人流離失所。專家警告：如果糧食供應無法順利抵達，該國可能面臨比自 1980年代以來任何災難更嚴重的饑荒。

3️⃣The Japanese government said it would protect the sovereignty of its airspace, after a Chinese reconnaissance plane flew around Japan’s Danjo islands, which lie in the East China Sea around 160km (100 miles) from Nagasaki. The defence ministry said it was the first time a Chinese military aircraft had entered Japanese airspace without permission.

日本政府表示將保護其領空主權，因此前一架中國偵察機繞飛了位於東海 (East China Sea) 的日本男女群島 (Danjo Islands)，而該群島距離日本長崎 (Nagasaki) 約 160公里 (100英里)。日本防衛省指出這是首次有中國軍機未經許可進入日本領空。

4️⃣Australia’s Labor government said it would cap the number of new international students at 270,000 from next year, subject to a vote in Parliament. In 2023 around 400,000 foreign students began courses in the country. The government hopes that capping the number of students will relieve pressure on housing. It noted that there has been a 50% rise in overseas students taking up vocational courses since 2019.

澳洲的工黨 (Labor) 政府表示將從明年 (2025年) 開始限制新入境的國際學生人數為 27萬名，但需經該國國會投票通過。於 2023年，約有 40萬名外國學生在澳洲留/遊學。政府希望透過限制學生人數來減輕住房壓力。澳洲政府指出自 2019年以來，參加職業課程的海外學生人數已增加了 50%。

5️⃣Joe Biden’s policy of giving half a million illegal immigrants a path to American citizenship was put on hold by a federal judge. The policy applies to migrants who are married to American citizens. It was touted as the biggest presidential step on immigration in years when it was announced in June, but the judge thinks arguments that the executive had exceeded its powers warrant “closer consideration”.

拜登 (Joe Biden，美國總統) 提出的為 50萬名非法移民提供美國公民身份之政策已被一名聯邦法官暫時擱置。該政策適用於與美國公民結婚的移民。該政策在今年六月宣佈時，被譽為多年來最大的總統級移民措施，但法官認為行政部門超越其職權的爭論需要「更仔細的考量」。

🌏The world this week: business
全球大新聞彙整：商業篇

1️⃣Nvidia published another impressive set of quarterly earnings. Revenue rose by 122%, year on year, to $30bn. But as that was below the 262% growth it registered in the prior quarter, its share price tumbled in early trading. Net profit of $16.6bn was up by 168%. The chipmaker’s earnings are being scrutinised by markets each quarter as a bellwether for the artificial-intelligence boom.

輝達 (Nvidia) 公佈了另一份令人印象深刻的季度財報；營收同比增長 122%、達到 300億美元。然而，由於這一波增幅低於前一季的 262%，其股價在早盤交易中大幅下跌。淨利潤為 166億美元、上升了 168%。隨著每個季度的財報被市場密切關注，輝達的盈利情況成為了人工智慧熱潮之重要指標。

2️⃣The Canadian government decided to slap tariffs of 100% on imports of Chinese-made electric vehicles, and a 25% duty on Chinese steel and aluminium. Following similar steps in America and the European Union, Canada said both industries were unfairly subsidised by the Chinese state. China said the measures would damage trade and co-operation between the two countries.

加拿大政府決定對中國製造的電動車徵收 100% 的關稅，並對中國鋼鐵和鋁材徵收 25% 的關稅。繼美國和歐盟 (European Union) 採取了類似措施後，加拿大表示這兩個產業都收到了中國政府的不合理補助。中國則表示 (加拿大) 這些措施將損害兩國之間的貿易與合作。

3️⃣Elliott Management, an activist hedge fund, raised the stakes in its proxy fight with Southwest Airlines by sending an open letter to other shareholders, in which it claimed that the board had failed to hold the chief executive and chairman accountable for the company’s woes, and that both men should go. Elliott plans to meet Southwest’s representatives on September 9th.

艾略特管理公司 (Elliott Management) 是一家激進的對沖基金公司；它透過向其他股東們發送公開信，提升了與西南航空 (Southwest Airlines，美國主要航空公司之一) 的代理戰爭。信中指出董事會未能對西南航空之困境負責，且應該讓執行長和董事長下台。艾略特計劃於 (2024年) 9月9日與西南航空的代表們會面。

4️⃣Kroger and Albertsons went to federal court to lay out arguments for why their long-delayed $25bn merger should be allowed to proceed. The Federal Trade Commission wants to block the deal, claiming that the combination of the supermarket giants would result in higher prices for consumers and worse conditions for workers. The trial is expected to last three weeks.

克羅格 (Kroger，美國零售企業) 和艾伯森 (Albertsons，美國雜貨公司) 向聯邦法院提出論述，要求雙方長期被延遲的 250億美元合併案應該獲准進行。聯邦貿易委員會 (Federal Trade Commission) 希望阻止這個合併案，並聲稱合併後的超市巨頭將導致消費者價格上漲，並使勞工的工作條件變差。此次審判預計將持續三週。

5️⃣LEGO reported big jumps in revenue and operating profit for the first half of the year. The Danish maker of toy bricks has become ever more innovative with its play sets. It has long offered Disney- and Harry Potter- themed products, but it recently released a “Jaws” set, containing bricks for shark, boat and characters from the film. LEGO is taking a bigger bite of the toy market, as its rivals report sinking sales.

根據樂高 (LEGO) 的報告，(2024年) 上半年之收入和營業獲利均大幅成長。這家丹麥積木玩具製造商的遊戲組合變得更加創新。除了長期以來推出的迪士尼 (Disney) 和哈利波特 (Harry Potter) 主題玩具外，最近還推出了一款《大白鯊 (Jaws)》玩具組合，包括鯊魚、船隻和電影角色的積木。在競爭對手銷售下滑之際，樂高正在玩具市場中擴大其市佔率。

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