13/06/2024
How we perceive autism is important, as it changes both the conversation we are having and what we research and investigate.
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autism.
it’s a matter of perspective
We often consider the definition of autism to be a fixed concept, but it actually isn’t. How we understand autism though is more of a subjective concept, its value and interpretation uniquely defined by the stakeholder’s investment and individual experience and knowledge.
But why is how we define autism so important?
How we define autism changes how we understand the autistic person, their motivations, thoughts, experiences and reasoning.
This then impacts on how we relate to the autistic individual and how we teach others to relate to them.
How we define autism also teaches the autistic person how to define and relate to themselves and how they are valued.
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Developmental
A follow-on from the neurodiversity paradigm, the developmental perspective means that the individual is developing the way they were intended to develop.
Under this perspective we focus on supporting the individual to follow their own developmental trajectory rather than predefined developmental pathways (Robertson, 2010; Davis, 2021).
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Biological
The biological perspective is understood within the neurodiversity paradigm, the neurological differences that are part of natural human diversity.
Under this framework autism is seen as a community linked by similarities in sensory processing, communication, thinking styles, and motor coordination (Robertson, 2010; Davis, 2021).
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Medical
Under a diagnostic or medical framework autism is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition whose “sufferers” have deficits in two core areas of development, behavior and communication.
Under this framework we are always trying to “fix” the person so they become more developmentally typical. The individual is always striving for “normal”.
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Individual
Waterhouse et al. (2016) suggest that the diagnosis should be done away with completely, as the diagnostic criteria does not hold up to academic rigor.
Rather than looking through a diagnostic lens, the individual is taken into account holistically. Interventions, supports and funding are based on individual need rather than the diagnostic label.
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Anthropological
In their research primer, Lord et al., (2020) use an anthropological perspective. In this paper autism is considered a social construct, defined only by current trends in social and behavioral expectations.
Under this framework our perspective focuses on understanding the individual themselves, outside of society and culture.
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