Lit-Picks: Diving Into Literature

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Lit-Picks: Diving Into Literature Mr S loves to read, analyze, and share great literature - with two decades of teaching experience.

25/01/2024
2 - Characters, Cast, and CrewIt makes sense to start with the Crew.  Have you heard the name Mike Flanagan yet?Mike Fla...
21/10/2023

2 - Characters, Cast, and Crew

It makes sense to start with the Crew. Have you heard the name Mike Flanagan yet?

Mike Flanagan created this series. He wrote the teleplay and directed much of the series, and let a close friend and frequent collaborator, Michael Fimongnari, direct the rest. Flanagan has been known by horror fans since Absentia in 2011, followed by Oculus (2013), then Hush and Before I Wake (both in 2016). While he didn’t make the terrible Ouija (2014), he wrote and directed a much-improved prequel Ouija: Origin of Evil in 2016. In my lengthy Introduction, I already talked about his Netflix series and Stephen King films from 2017 until now.

Michael Fimongnari directed some episodes, but has been working with Flanagan on almost project since Oculus. He appears to be quite skilled as a Cinematographer as well.

Most of the primary and secondary characters were pulled directly from the work of Edgar Poe, so he is next. (If you wonder why I don’t refer to him as “Edgar Allan Poe,” it is because of the deep rifts between him and his foster father, John Allan, and because Edgar only seems to have used that name or middle initial when he thought it would benefit himself.) Poe was an American author and critic in the early half of the 19th century. In the past twenty years of teaching about him and his stories and poems, I could probably write a biography about him, but I will keep it short here. He is considered the master of Gothic Horror, but also the Grandfather of Sherlock Holmes, writing some of the earliest “detective” stories. As a literary critic, he made many enemies in his career, including Rufus Wilscot Griswold and William Wadsworth Longfellow, both of whom were included as characters in this adaptation. If you don’t know Poe, why are you even reading this document?

The Protagonist: Roderick Usher - pulled directly from the short story “The Fall of the House of Usher” (1839). In the Netflix series, Roderick is the patriarch of the Usher family, and also the primary defendant in more than seventy charges from the US Attorney’s office, mostly in relation to his position as CEO of Fortunato Pharmaceuticals. The adult Roderick Usher is portrayed by Bruce Greenwood (who also acted in Flanagan films Gerald’s Game and Doctor Sleep), and the younger 20-something version performed by Zach Gilford (Flanagan alum from Midnight Mass and The Midnight Club), and also by Graham Verchere and Lincoln Russo in the first episode’s flashbacks to his youngest years.

Supporting Co-Protagonist: Madeline Usher - Also from the same short story. She is the strong and powerful twin sister of Rodrick, the COO of Fortunato Pharmaceuticals, and also named in many of the suits against the Usher family. The adult Madeline is the magnificient Mary McDonnell, but by the scene-stealing Willa Fitzgerald as a younger adult. Lulu Wilson (also in The Haunting of Hill House and Ouija: Origin of Evil) and Kate Whiddington play earlier versions of Madeline. Madeline is a spinster, having no children of her own, and intrigued with the idea of creating a legacy through Artificial Intelligence instead of biology.

The Fixer: Arthur Pym, playfully known as the “Pym Reaper” - from Poe’s only full novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838). He is the legal counsel of the Usher family, but also has many other talents on the dark side of the law. Here, he is played by legendary Mark Hamill. (If you missed him as the most recent voice of the psychotic Chucky doll or as The Joker in Batman: The Animated Series in the 1990s, maybe you might recall him as Star Wars’ Luke Skywalker.)

The Foil: C. Auguste Dupin - played by Carl Lumbly as a US District Attorney, he is the driving force pushing for a huge conviction against the Usher “Crime Family” and our frame story for the series consists of his interview (or, the confession) of Roderick Usher. A younger version of him is portrayed by Malcolm Goodwin in several episodes. The character shares the name and some character traits with Poe’s famous detective, Le Chevalier Auguste Dupin, whom appears in “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841), “The Mystery of Marie Roget’ (1842), and “The Purloined Letter” (1844). Poe’s character is smart and imaginative, so much that it almost seems that he can read the mind of his suspect, and is the direct inspiration for Conan Arthur Doyle’s infamous Sherlock Holmes.

The Usher Offspring, beginning with the eldest, and including some of their significant others:

Frederick Usher (Henry Thomas, also in The Haunting of Hill House, The Haunting of Bly Manor, Midnight Mass, and The Midnight Club) - Roderick’s first-born, his only legitimate son he shared with his wife. Poe wrote a story called “Metzengerstein” with the main character named Frederick, who inherits his family’s fortune at age 18 and becomes a very cruel person in a vendetta against a rival family. It is possible the name was culled from this story.

Morella Usher, wife of Frederick (Crystal Balint, also in Midnight Mass and The Midnight Club) - The character’s name probably comes from “Morella” (1835). “Morella” is also a common name for black nightshade (used for making belladonna), which plays a part in several threads of this series. More about both of these connections later.

Lenore Usher, daughter of Frederick and Morella (Kyleigh Curran, also phenomenal in Doctor Sleep) - Lenore’s name is not only from “The Raven” (1845), but also _____

Tamerlane “Tami” Usher (Samantha Sloyan, The Haunting of Hill House, Midnight Mass, The Midnight Club) - his only legitimate daughter, who apparently absorbed her twin while in utero. “Tamerlane” is an early poem by Poe, published in 1827.

William “Bill-T” Wilson - spouse and business partner of Tamerlane Usher. The character’s name comes from the short story “William Wilson”(1839), and is also referred to by Stephen King in The Outsider for reasons that will be evident later.

Victorine LaFourcade (T’nia Miller, one of my favorites from The Haunting of Bly Manor) - Illegitimate daughter, working on an experimental heart device, still in the animal trial stages. The character’s name comes from “The Premature Burial” (1844), which will also be mentioned a few more times in Episode Breakdowns, but her character in the show is linked to at least two other stories.

Alessandra Ruiz (Paola Nunez) - Victorine’s lover/partner, and an absolute genius doctor working with Victorine on the heart device. She does not seem to be corrupted by Usher money like most of the other characters, and still seems to be a very moral and good person, even more than Victorine. Her name might be from Poe’s unfinished play, Politian, but it is difficult to be sure without asking Flanagan directly.

Camille L’Espanaye (Katie Seagal, wife of Michael Flanagan, and alumnus of almost everything in the Flanaverse) - Referred to as the oldest of the “bastards” (not counting Victorine, for some reason I didn’t catch on the first watch). The name of Camille L’Espanaye is also clearly taken from “The Murders of the Rue Morgue,” but if I say more, we are dealing with potential spoilers, so I’ll save it for an Episode Breakdown.

Napoleon “Leo” Usher (Rahul Kohli, The Haunting of Bly Manor, Midnight Mass, The Midnight Club) - the very witty, fun-loving gamer guy, and another “bastard” of Roderick’s. The name “Napoleon” likely comes from “The Spectacles” (1844), and may have some relation to a particular episode later.

Prospero “Perry” Usher (Sauriyan Sapkota, also of The Midnight Club) - the youngest and most impulsive of the “bastards” of Roderick Usher. He is hilariously referred to as “Gucci Caligula” by Frederick Usher in a very tense scene in Episode 2, and many of the siblings believe he is impulsive, possibly even crazy. In Poe’s “The Masque of the Red Death” (1842), Prince Prospero was the party prince of the elite, and that story definitely has bearing on this character and the episode named for the story.

Additional important characters

Eliza Usher (Annabeth Gish, Before I Wake, The Haunting of Hill House, Midnight Mass)- Roderick’s and Madeline’s mother, most likely named after Elizabeth “Eliza” Poe, Edgar’s mother who died when he was very young. Interestingly, Edgar’s wife, Virginia Clemm, also shared the middle name of “Eliza.”

William Longfellow (Robert Longstreet, The Haunting of Hill House, Doctor Sleep, Midnight Mass, The Midnight Club) - Eliza Usher’s boss when her children were young. Likely named for the poet William Wadsworth Longfellow, who was a friend of Poe’s until Poe publicly accused him of plagiarism, possibly just to increase the number of his readers with a little controversy.

Judge John Neal (Nicholas Lea, awesome in The X-Files) - In this series, the judge overseeing the trial against Roderick Usher and Fortunato Pharmaceuticals. In reality, John Neal was an author, critic, editor, and usually friendly contemporary of Poe’s.

Rufus Wilmot Griswold (Michael Trucco of Hush, Midnight Mass, The Midnight Club) - In this series, he appears as the CEO of Fortunato Pharmaceuticals after Longfellow and before Usher. He is instrumental in Roderick’s career path, but is a complete jackass. I literally laughed out loud (more like a cackle, actually) when he appeared on screen, because I knew the name as one of Poe’s worst literary enemies, and the reason why Poe was mislabeled as a madman, a drunk, an addict, and more. For some reason, even though he harbored a major grudge against Poe, Griswold was given the job of eulogizing Poe and “protecting” his works after Poe’s mysterious death. The gossip and false accusations stuck to Poe’s name for over a hundred years, and many today still believe what was unjustly and untruthfully written against the man. Flanagan lets Griswold’s character be called “the original cock-sucker.” Much more on this character later in the Episode breakdowns, but you will love hating him.

Annabel Lee (Katie Parker, also in Absentia, Oculus, The Haunting of Hill House, Doctor Sleep, The Haunting of Bly Manor, The Midnight Club) - early wife of a 20-something Roderick Usher, and mother to his first two children. An honorable and beautiful person in a show about horrible, ugly people. Her name and several lines of dialogue come from Poe’s poem, “Annabel Lee” (1849), very likely inspired by his recently-deceased wife, Virginia Clemm Poe.

Many other minor characters will be mentioned in the Episode Breakdown sections, but there is one enigmatic character I must mention, but I don’t want to spoil anything about her this early. When we are introduced to her, she names herself “Verna.” Yes, she is an allusion to a Poe character, but anything else about her at this point is a major spoiler. She is played by Carla Gugino, also in Gerald’s Game, The Haunting of Hill House, The Haunting of Bly Manor, and Midnight Mass. In this series, she deserves every bit of her paycheck, and you will see why.

Part 1 of maybe 12?  Facebook doesn't let me make posts much longer than this, and it also doesn't like using italics or...
21/10/2023

Part 1 of maybe 12? Facebook doesn't let me make posts much longer than this, and it also doesn't like using italics or underline.

Mike Flanagan’s Love Child with Edgar A. Poe - Netflix’s “Fall of the House of Usher” (2023)

I first fell in love with the genius of Mike Flanagan when I saw Gerald’s Game that he wrote (screenplay based on the novel by Stephen King), directed, and edited for Netflix in 2017. I wasn’t sure what to expect because so many of Master King’s “adaptations” have been so far divorced from the original source material that they are hardly recognizable. Gerald’s Game was one that most people considered “unfilmable" due to most of it happening only in the imagination of a woman confined to a bed and (mostly) alone with her own thoughts. I was blown away at how he was able to transform such a powerful and disturbing novel into a very good movie.

The next several years, Flanagan impressed everyone with a retelling of The Haunting of Hill House (Netflix, 2018 limited series) and the follow-up The Haunting of Bly Manor (Netflix, 2020 limited series). He tackled another impossible task of adapting Dr. Sleep, the sequel to The Shining, by marrying Stephen King’s original novel, the sequel novel, and the popular Kubrick film in a way that made staunch fans of the book and oppositionally stubborn fans of the film equally happy with the result. Working within his contract with Netflix, Flanagan continued producing a hit series every autumn. Midnight Mass appeared in 2021 and The Midnight Club showed up in 2022. When the news broke that Flanagan was seriously considering an adaptation of Stephen King’s huge magnum opus, The Dark Tower, and he already had a near-complete treatment of King’s Revival ready to shop around – King fans just went wild. King himself said that he couldn’t think of a better director to adapt his Tower, and he gave an unofficial stamp of approval. I think I even woke up my wife to talk to her about it, but she was much less enthusiastic about it than I was … possibly because it was about 3am and our alarm rings at 5am.

Flanagan said he was actively shopping The Dark Tower around, now that he was finishing his contract with Netflix with an “adaptation” of Poe’s short story, “The Fall of the House of Usher,” a staple of high school American Literature courses about a brother and sister… well, I won’t spoil it for anyone who hasn’t read it yet. (But – be aware that spoilers will be coming later in this essay or podcast.) As a Poe fan, as a middle school teacher who has facilitated the reading and analysis of many Poe short stories and poems, and as a scholar who learned much more about the truth of the legendary author and critic as an adult – I was intrigued. I remember saying, “I wish instead of only ‘Usher,’ he might do a series of all of the short stories, with each episode being a different story and maybe a frame story of some kind told by an unreliable narrator.”

Guess what? Somehow, I believe he heard me, because that is almost exactly what we really were given this October. I followed the rumors and the news as the year progressed, getting more and more excited as it grew closer. I watched the trailers repeatedly, gleaning what information I could, in the weeks leading to the full series dropping. I may have pestered my family about it a little, and when it finally arrived, I binged it in only two days. Then I started it over again on the third day. Then I started writing pages and pages of notes so that I could talk about it with someone. By the fifth day, I started writing this document. Now it has been seven days, and I’m sharing the first piece.

Why then will you say that I am mad? Hearken and observe how calmly I can tell you the rest of this story…

In every episode of the show, scholars can see elements of Poe’s complete body of work in every dark corner, in every spotlight, hiding in shadows and in plain sight. You can also hear Flanagan’s soapbox speeches about our contemporary world. The stellar cast of Usher includes many alumni from Flanagan’s other works, as I will point out, probably ad nauseum. In order for me to discuss all that I want to include, I’m breaking this into the following parts for my audience:

1 - Introduction - You’ve just read it.
2 - Character, Cast, and Crew - I’m doing a lot more name-dropping with the help of IMDB, but also showing a lot of the connections to particular works of Poe. This will be a good reference for you.
3 - “A Midnight Dreary” - a breakdown of the first episode, but with minor spoilers only. Now all of those connections will begin to make sense to you.

– Here is where you should stop reading if you have not watched the episode or read the corresponding Poe story. Beginning with “Masque of the Red Death” (Episode 2), there will be spoilers because I will be assuming that you are looking for further discussion points, analysis suggestions, or other water-cooler talk that will make you sound like you studied more in school. There are Easter eggs, allusions to particular stories and poems, and more.

4 - “The Masque of the Red Death” - Episode 2
5 - “The Murders of the Rue Morgue” - Episode 3
6 - “The Black Cat” - Episode 4
7 - “The Tell-Tale Heart” - Episode 5
8 - “The Gold-Bug” - Episode 6
9 - “The Pit and the Pendulum” - Episode 7
10 - “The Raven” - Episode 8 - the Finale
11 - Further analysis of themes
12 - Final thoughts… maybe … then maybe more…

One last thing, just in case you didn’t already know; The Fall of the House of Usher is rated TV-MA for many very good reasons. There is much more nudity, s*x, violence, gore, and bad language than Flanagan’s other Netflix television series. The rest of this essay will also be primarily for adults, and I won’t shy away from the adult themes.

Pour yourself a very expensive glass of cognac, and have a seat as we get into the tale of a family as far from the Brady Bunch as you can ever get.

BRADBURY, RAY.  "There Will Come Soft Rains."  Published 1950 Artwork with this post is copyright by Frank Stockton, at ...
16/06/2023

BRADBURY, RAY. "There Will Come Soft Rains." Published 1950

Artwork with this post is copyright by Frank Stockton, at https://www.artstation.com/artwork/vJRbw6

An excellent story for teaching setting, imagery, tone, allusion, personification, pacing, plot development, and making inferences. It includes the poem of the same name by Sara Teasdale, so teaching themes from paired texts is also a great idea.

Spoilers beyond this point!

In school, we often make the mistake of teaching concepts in a way that students think in absolutes. For this story, we break the rule about how the protagonist *must* be a dynamic character, because there are no real characters except for a dying dog. Using personification, Bradbury creates a protagonist in the form of a futuristic "smart house" that seems to be the only survivor of a nuclear blast. The antagonist can be the forces of nature, specifically personified as a fire, but also the idea of time.

When teaching creative writing, student often struggle with pacing and plot development. The technique here is the chiming of the clock and the chanting voice of the house, calling out the time and the expected change of activities. I've used this as a model text for students to write short narratives, giving a framework for their story's plot structure to overlay. (See also Poe's "Masque of the Red Death" and the FOX network series "24" starring Kiefer Sutherland).

If I start listing all of the examples of figurative language in the story, I may as well paste in an annotated copy of the whole text. For beginning readers, they can locate and analyze similes and metaphors, and then focus on personification and imagery. Intermediate readers may find examples of foreshadowing, a stray hyperbole or two, some irony, and some allusions. An advanced reader may see symbolism in the story, or interpret it as an allegory for the Atomic Age. Bradbury's work is always so rich in figurative language, it is the equivalent of viewing art in a museum.

This story, along with Bradbury's "The Veldt" and "The Pedestrian," help young and inexperienced readers begin to understand Bradbury's diction and vocabulary, and can help introduce them to common themes about Nature and Technology, and humanity's tendency to rely too much on the later without paying heed at all to the former. I've used these to prepare students for Bradbury's _Fahrenheit 451_ and found they were much more successful when starting with the smaller steps. I also enjoy using Bradbury's "All Summer In A Day" to discuss empathy and bullying, and also to let them write an extended ending for the story.

Meet Melody.  She's a bright, fun-loving, typical  pre-teen.  Well, almost typical -- there's only one thing that's not ...
16/06/2023

Meet Melody. She's a bright, fun-loving, typical pre-teen. Well, almost typical -- there's only one thing that's not typical.

She has cerebral palsy.

In her case, this means she does not have full motor control of her arms and legs, which sometimes means they flail out and knock things over. She cannot feed herself, bathe herself, or even take herself to a toilet. She cannot "speak" like other little girls her age. She is confined to a wheelchair.

So, yeah ... not quite a typical pre-teen.

As Melody tells us her story, she invites us to feel her frustration of being trapped in her traitorous body, of people assuming she is learning-disabled, and of being taught the ABCs year after year in school. As we join in her feelings, we feel her joy and alternating despair as the world continues to bring her gifts and sometimes take them away just as fast.

I've been a fan of Sharon Draper for 20 years because she focuses on character development and on character voice. Many of her characters are quintessential underdogs, and Melody is one of the most disadvantaged, but she refuses to let it break her spirit.

I'm currently reading a sequel, Out Of My Heart, but have had the first book on my classroom shelf and in my students' hands for several years. Most of the students have expressed their love for Melody and their outrage at how she is sometimes treated. Many have learned from the novel to be more inclusive of others, especially those with physical impairments.

15/06/2023
I've been re-reading Koontz's _Odd Thomas_ series, but decided to take a break before the finale to read the second adve...
13/06/2023

I've been re-reading Koontz's _Odd Thomas_ series, but decided to take a break before the finale to read the second adventure of a brave girl named Melody.

Melody has cerebral palsy, and has spent the first twelve years of her life trapped in a body which does not do what she tells it to do. A lifetime of being fed and bathed by others has hidden her true self, a witty and bright girl who is just like anyone else on the inside.

I'm still reading this one, and don't want to say too much, but I can tell you it feels like I'm reuniting with a great friend when I am reading this novel.

This resembles signs I put outside my classroom door one year...
10/06/2023

This resembles signs I put outside my classroom door one year...

09/05/2023

This is the first poem written in English language " Beowulf " .

Beowulf is an Old English epic poem in the tradition of Germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. It is one of the most important and most often translated works of Old English literature. The date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating is for the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. Scholars call the anonymous author the "Beowulf poet". The story is set in pagan Scandinavia in the 6th century. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by the monster Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland and becomes king of the Geats. Fifty years later, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is mortally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants cremate his body and erect a tower on a headland in his memory.

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