09/12/2021
in 2017, Iraq ๐ฎ๐ถ declared victory over , however, the group is still wreaking havoc across the globe.
"Honorable Iraqis, your land has been completely liberated. The dream of liberation is now a reality," stated Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi through a televised address two days after a similar announcement came from Moscow about the success of the Russian military in Syria next door.
Founded originally in Jordan in 1999 by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, who had returned from Afghanistan, ISIS seized the vacuum left in the wake of the Second Gulf War in Iraq post-2003. Though it pledged loyalty to Al Qaeda next year and renamed the faction as Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), the group had evolved into a far more extreme version of Al Qaeda owing to the socio-economic difference between the fighters of both militant organisations.
In April 2013, the AQI formally declared autonomy over all Al Qaeda operations in Iraq and Syria, naming the group Islamic State in Iraq and Syria or ISIS for short. This caused a permanent wedge between Al Qaeda and ISIS, especially when Ayman al-Zawahiri sided with Al-Nusra Front or Jabhat al-Nusra, Al Qaeda's other branch in Syria. By February 2014, the war had turned multilayered with both factions openly striving over territorial and ideological gains.
ISIS at its peak in 2015 commanded over Western Iraq & Eastern Syria, implementing their fascist religious interpretations on eight to twelve million souls through a reported annual budget of 1 billion $ and 30,000 fighters. An international US-led coalition in Iraq coupled with limited Russian-Iranian Intervention in Syria gradually contributed to the downfall of one of the most draconian regimes which once ruled a third of Iraq.
Although ISIS lost most of its territory, resource base and major strongholds of Raqqa in Syria and Mosul in Iraq, it is still not entirely dismantled in the region. According to Soufan Centre, the group claimed over 90 operations per month in Iraq between January 2021 & September 2022. On the other hand, its affiliate branches are still terrorizing Asia and Africa.
ISKP has emerged as a major threat to regional peace and stability amid the US withdrawal from Afghanistan with the Kabul Airport twin bombing killing most US troops in a single attack since 2011 along with dozens of Afghan civilians. ISIS in Africa has so far plagued Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Kenya, Somalia, Egypt with an almost defunct presence in Libya and Tunisia.