Love Native American (2024)

09/08/2024

Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?
By the age of 10, most children in the United States have been taught all 50 states that make up the country. But centuries ago, the land that is now the United States was a very different place. Over 20 million Native Americans dispersed across over 1,000 distinct tribes, bands, and ethnic groups populated the territory.

09/08/2024

LONG HAIR
Traditionally, long hair was always a symbol of masculinity. All of history's great warriors had long hair, from the Greeks (who wrote odes to their heroes' hair) to the Nordic, from the American Indians (famous for their long shiny hair) to the Japanese. And the longer and beautiful the hair was, the more manly the warrior was considered. Vikings flaunted their braids and samurai wore their long hair as a symbol of their honor (they cut their braid when they lose honor).
When a warrior was captured, his mane was cut to humiliate him, to take away his beauty. That custom resumed in what is today military service. There when new soldiers begin their training the first thing they do is cut their hair to undermine their self-esteem, make them submissive and make them see who's boss.
The Romans were the ones who "invented" short hair so to speak, between the 1st and 5th centuries AD.. In battles they believed this gave them defensive advantages, since their opponents couldn't grab them by the hair. This also helped them to recognize each other in the battlefield.
Short hair on men is a relatively new "invention" that has nothing to do with aesthetics.
But today we often see men being humiliated, sometimes called "gay" for wearing long hair, not knowing that short hair is actually the "anti-masculine" and is a repressive social imposition, while long hair symbolizes freedom

09/08/2024

These four Chiefs were Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo and Red Cloud. Each of these forefathers played an important role in shaping their tribe's customs and history. Because of their influence over the shaping of Native American history, they are often referred to as the real founding fathers.!
Left-Right : Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo, and Red Cloud.

09/08/2024

Shout out and congratulations to Lyndi Cisco (Apache Tribe of Oklahoma), a freshman at Anadarko High School in Oklahoma, who won the Oklahoma Class 5A State Wrestling Championship in the 145lb division. She is the first female state champion for Anadarko wrestling.

08/08/2024

The Piegan are one of the three groups that make up the Blackfoot Confederacy. They were the most dominant group in the northern Great Plains during the 19th century. The Piegan used to live in the Rocky Mountain Front, the place where the Rocky Mountains meet the Plains, for thousands of years before moving further into the Plains. They lived a nomadic and semi-agricultural life before the introduction of guns and horses into their society. The introduction of European goods facilitated the hunting of bison and prompted them to move into the northern Plains, where they went on to dominate the region. Their first encounter with white people occurred in the 1787-88 winter, when they let a fur trader James Gaddy and an explorer David Thompson camp with them. The Piegan numbered around 3,700 in 1858, a small population previously decimated by smallpox and starvation. Today there are around 27,000 full blooded Piegan Blackfeet, and around 80,000 of Piegan descent. The Piegan population is split between the U.S.-Canada border, as they were historically forced to pick a side when the borders were drawn. These divisions, however, only physically split up a nation, as the bonds of its people are that of blood and are thus stronger than any barrier between them.

08/08/2024

NATIVE AMERICANS – THE FIRST OWNERS OF AMERICA

Native Americans, or the indigenous peoples of the Americas, are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America and their descendants. Those who live within the boundaries of the present-day United States are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, bands and ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact, sovereign nations.

Most authorities agree that the first evidence of people inhabiting North America indicates that they migrated here from Eurasia over 13,000 years ago, most likely crossing along the Bering Land Bridge, which was in existence during the Ice Age. However, some historians believe that people had migrated into the Americas much earlier, up to 40,000 years ago. These early Paleo-Indians spread throughout the Americas, diversifying into many hundreds of culturally distinct nations and tribes.

Application of the term “Indian” originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. However, there is considerable evidence in support of successful explorations which led to Norse settlement of Greenland, the L’Anse aux Meadows settlement in Newfoundland, and potentially others some 500 years prior to Columbus landing in the Bahamas. From the Native American aspect, many tribes’ oral histories indicate they have been living here since their genesis, as described by a wide range of creation myths.

By the time European adventurers arrived in the 15th century, scholars estimate that more than 50 million people were already living in the Americas. Of these, some 10 million lived in the region that would later become the United States. As time passed, these migrants and their descendants pushed south and east, adapting as they went. With these new arrivals came centuries of conflict and adjustment between Old and New World societies. Today, Native Americans account for about 1.5 percent of the United States population, many of whom continue to take pride in their ancestral traditions — still practicing the music, art, and ceremonies that took place many years ago.

08/08/2024

“The true Indian does not set any price either on his property or on his labor. His generosity is only limited by his strength and ability. He considers it an honor to be chosen for difficult or dangerous service and would think it shameful to ask for a reward.
Teton Sioux Chief 1837 -1918
John Grass's English name came from the Dakota "Pezi," meaning "Field of Grass"; he also was sometimes called Mato Wtakpe (Charging Bear).
He was a son of Grass, a Sioux leader of the early nineteenth century.
He spoke a number of Dakota dialects as well as English, so he was one of the few peaople in the Dakotas who could communicate with nearly everyone else.
Indian agent Major James ("White Hair") McLaughlin set up Grass, Gall, and other Sioux as rival chiefs to Sitting Bull after the latter had surrendered in 1881, in an attempt to break Sitting Bull's influence over the Sioux.
Over Sitting Bull's objections, Grass signed an 1889 agreement that broke up the Great Sioux Reservation.
He probably was bowing to threats by Indian agent McLaughlin that the U.S. government would take the land with or without Sioux consent.
Even after the land was signed over, the government reduced the food allotments on Northern Plains reservations, intensifying poverty and suffering; this action increased tensions just before the massacre of Big Foot's people at Wounded Knee.
For more than three decades, Grass served as head judge in the Court of Indian Offenses of the Standing Rock Reservation.
He died at Standing Rock in 1918.

08/08/2024

CHIEF JUMPING BULL (1801 - 1859)
Jumping Bull (originally his name was Sitting Bull), was the father of the famous chief Sitting Bull. He was a very rich man, he owned a great many ponies in four colors.
When his second son, Jumping Badger, scored his first coup at age 14, Jumping Bull conferred upon him the name Sitting Bull, and took the name Jumping Bull for himself.
When Chief Jumping Bull was born in 1801, in South Dakota, United States, his father, Looks For Him In A Tent, was 15 and his mother, Brule Woman, was 21. He had at least 4 sons and 5 daughters with his wife Her Holy Door. He died in battle against a Crow of stab wounds in 1859, in Standing Rock Agency, Corson, South Dakota, at the age of 58.

07/08/2024

Muscogee actor Will (Sonny) Sampson, who is most known for his role in “One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest” playing opposite Jack Nicholson, will be posthumously inducted into the Oklahoma Movie Hall of Fame at the Roxy Theater in Muskogee Oklahoma.
"Will was a dear friend, as was his son Tim and sister. Am happy that he is receiving this honor today. I had the privilege to work with Will in the mini-series 'Mystic Warrior' (1984). He gave me advice while working on this series. I was set to have the lead role and Will was to be cast as the medicine man. What happened was ABC ended up casting the lead role to an Irish actress, dyed her hair black and put contact lenses in and Will's character went to an Italian actor.' Will was a kind man and very supportive of my work. In 1983, he founded the American Indian Registry for the Performing Arts for Native American actors." - Joanelle Romero (RNCI Founder/actress/director/producer)
In addition to his incredible performance as the apparent deaf and mute Chief Bromden in “One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest,” he also played Crazy Horse in the 1977 western “The White Buffalo,” as well as Taylor in “Poltergeist II: The Other Side” and Ten Bears in 1976's “The Outlaw Josey Wales.”For 20 years Sonny competed in rodeos, his specialty being bronco busting. He was also an artist, his artwork has been shown at the Gilcrease Museum and the Philbrook Museum of Art.During the filming of “The White Buffalo,” Sonny halted production by refusing to act when he discovered that producers had hired white actors to portray Native Americans for the film.

07/08/2024

Half of all U.S. states, 25 to be exact, carry Native American names. Today we will be taking a look at the 25 states and the meanings of their names. They will be listed in alphabetical order.
1. Alabama: Named after the Alabama, or Alibamu tribe, a Muskogean-speaking tribe. Sources are split between the meanings 'clearers of the thicket' or 'herb gatherers'.
2. Alaska: Named after the Aleut word "alaxsxaq", which means "the mainland"
3. Arizona: Named after the O'odham word "alĭ ṣonak", meaning "small spring"
4. Connecticut: Named after the Mohican word "quonehtacut", meaning "place of long tidal river"
5. Hawaii: Is an original word in the Hawaiian language meaning "homeland"
6. Illinois: Named after the Illinois word "illiniwek", meaning "men"
7. Iowa: Named after the Ioway tribe, whose name means "gray snow"
8. Kansas: Named after the Kansa tribe, whose name means "south wind people"
9. Kentucky: Origins are unclear, it may have been named after the Iroquoian word "Kentake", meaning "on the meadow"
10. Massachusetts: Named after the Algonquin word "Massadchu-es-et," meaning "great-hill-small-place,”
11. Michigan: From the Chippewa word "Michigama", meaning "large lake"
12. Minnesota: Named after the Dakota Indian word “Minisota” meaning “white water.”
13. Mississippi: Named after the river which was named by the Choctaw, meaning “Great water” or “Father of Waters.”
14. Missouri: Named after the Missouri tribe whose name means "those who have dugout canoes"

07/08/2024

Medicine Cloud (Mahpiya Wakan), Oglala Lakota, by Frank A. Rinehart, at Pine Ridge, S.D., 1899

07/08/2024

I'm Not As White As I Look ❤️
Moses J. Brings Plenty (born 4 September 1969) is an Oglala Lakota television, film, and stage actor, as well as a traditional drummer and singer.
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He is best known for his portrayal as ""Mo"" in the Paramount Network series Yellowstone. Moses Brings Plenty was born on the Pine Ridge Reservation, in South Dakota. He is a direct descendant of Brings Plenty, an Oglala Lakota warrior who fought in the Battle of Little Big Horn. His wife is Sara Ann Haney-Brings Plenty. His nephew Cole Brings Plenty portrays Pete Plenty Clouds in two episodes of 1923.
As an actor, he has played bit parts in Hidalgo, Thunderheart, and Pirates of the Caribbean. He also played Quanah Parker in the History Channel documentary Comanche Warrior, which was filmed on the Wild Horse Sanctuary in the southern Black Hills, and Crazy Horse on The History Channel's Investigating History documentary ""Who Killed Crazy Horse"" and the BBC documentary series The Wild West. He acted in Rez Bomb, considered to be the first movie with a universal storyline set on a reservation. Rez Bomb has been part of the international film festival circuit instead of playing strictly to Native American film festivals, which is a major breakthrough for Native cinema.
In addition to doing theater work in Nebraska, he also portrayed an Apache warrior in the 2011 science fiction western film Cowboys & Aliens and a character named Shep Wauneka in Jurassic World Dominion in 2022.
Brings Plenty is concerned about providing accurate representations of Native peoples in mass media. He says, ""Young people told me they don’t see our people on TV. Then it hit me, they are right. Where are our indigenous people, people who are proud of who they are?"" Brings Plenty also works behind the scenes on Yellowstone and its spin-off prequels 1883 and 1923 as Taylor Sheridan's American Indian Affairs Coordinator to make sure that each show appropriately represents Native culture."
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07/08/2024

The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation are the federally recognized confederations of three Sahaptin-speaking Indigenous tribes who traditionally inhabited the Columbia River Plateau region: the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla.

Umatilla girl, 1910
Photo by Edward Curtis

06/08/2024

In 1975 when the Gunsmoke TV Series ended...Lorne Greene bought The Buckskin Horse whose real name was Danny, that he and James Arness shared riding in between Studios from 1959-1973...Lorne kept him until 1979 then he donated Danny to a Therapeutic Riding Center. where the Horse taught mentally and physically challenged children to ride until his passing in 1992 at the age of 45, an unusually long life for a horse. to live,-Dave.

06/08/2024

Tantoo Cardinal is a Canadian film and TV actress, was born in Anzac, Alberta, her mom, was of Cree descent.
She was made a Member of the Order Of Canada in 2009 - for her contributions to the growth and development of Aboriginal performing arts in Canada, as a screen and stage actress, and as a founding member of the Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company"

06/08/2024

These four Chiefs were Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo and Red Cloud. Each of these forefathers played an important role in shaping their tribe's customs and history. Because of their influence over the shaping of Native American history, they are often referred to as the real founding fathers.!
Left-Right : Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo, and Red Cloud.
The original founding fathers

06/08/2024

Samuel Pack Elliott (born August 9, 1944) is an American actor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including a Screen Actors Guild Award and a National Board of Review Award.
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He has been nominated for an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and two Emmy Awards. Elliott was cast in the musical drama A Star Is Born (2018), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding prizes at the Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards. He also won a National Board of Review Award. Elliott starred as Shea Brennan in the American drama miniseries 1883 (2021–2022), for which he won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie.
Elliott is known for his distinctive lanky physique, full mustache, and deep, sonorous voice. He began his acting career with minor appearances in The Way West (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), season five of Mission: Impossible, and guest-starred on television in the Western Gunsmoke (1972) before landing his first lead film role in Frogs (1972). His film breakthrough was in the drama Lifeguard (1976). Elliott co-starred in the box office hit Mask (1985) and went on to star in several Louis L'Amour adaptations such as The Quick and the Dead (1987) and Conagher (1991), the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film. He received his second Golden Globe and first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Buffalo Girls (1995). His other film credits from the early 1990s include as John Buford in the historical drama Gettysburg (1993) and as Virgil Earp in the Western Tombstone (also 1993). In 1998, he played the Stranger in The Big Lebowski.
In the 2000s, Elliott appeared in supporting roles in the drama We Were Soldiers (2002) and the superhero films Hulk (2003) and Ghost Rider (2007). In 2015, he guest-starred on the series Justified, which earned him a Critics' Choice Television Award, and in 2016 began starring in the Netflix series The Ranch. Elliott subsequently had a lead role in the comedy-drama The Hero.
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06/08/2024

Sacheen Littlefeather who refused to accept an Oscar On Marlon Brando behalf in 1973 has finally received and apology from The Academy.
When she stepped on stage at the Oscar’s this is what she said.
“Hello. My name is Sacheen Littlefeather. I'm Apache and I am president of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee. I'm representing Marlon Brando this evening and he has asked me to tell you in a very long speech, which I cannot share with you presently because of time but I will be glad to share with the press afterwards, that he very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award. And the reasons for this being are the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry – excuse me – and on television in movie reruns, and also with recent happenings at Wounded Knee. I beg at this time that I have not intruded upon this evening and that we will in the future, our hearts and our understandings will meet with love and generosity. Thank you on behalf of Marlon Brando.”
Despite the boos and jeers coming from the audience, she maintained her composure. John Wayne attempted to physically attack her as she exited the platform and had to be restrained by security. By claiming that he was giving the medal on behalf of "all the cowboys shot in all the John Ford Westerns," Clint Eastwood made fun of her. Littlefeather was thereafter put on a Hollywood blacklist and never again engaged in the film business.
On September 17, 2022, Littlefeather will return to the Academy once again as a guest of honor

05/08/2024

"We Indians know about silence. We are not afraid of it. In fact, for us, silence is more powerful than words. Our elders were trained in the ways of silence, and they handed over this knowledge to us. Observe, listen, and then act, they would tell us. That was the manner of living.
With you, it is just the opposite. You learn by talking. You reward the children that talk the most at school. In your parties, you all try to talk at the same time. In your work, you are always having meetings in which everybody interrupts everybody and all talk five, ten or a hundred times. And you call that ‘solving a problem’. When you are in a room and there is silence, you get nervous. You must fill the space with sounds. So you talk compulsorily, even before you know what you are going to say.
White people love to discuss. They don’t even allow the other person to finish a sentence. They always interrupt. For us Indians, this looks like bad manners or even stupidity. If you start talking, I’m not going to interrupt you. I will listen. Maybe I’ll stop listening if I don’t like what you are saying, but I won’t interrupt you.
When you finish speaking, I’ll make up my mind about what you said, but I will not tell you I don’t agree unless it is important. Otherwise, I’ll just keep quiet and I’ll go away. You have told me all I need to know. There is no more to be said. But this is not enough for the majority of white people.
People should regard their words as seeds. They should sow them, and then allow them to grow in silence. Our elders taught us that the earth is always talking to us, but we should keep silent in order to hear her.
There are many voices besides ours. Many voices…”
-Ella Deloria

05/08/2024

Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?
Native Tribes of North America Mapped ✔
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The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in North America about 15 thousand years ago.
As a result, a wide diversity of communities, societies, and cultures finally developed on the continent over the millennia. The population figure for Indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus was 70 million or more.
About 562 tribes inhabited the contiguous U.S. territory. Ten largest North American Indian tribes: Arikara, Cherokee, Iroquois, Pawnee, Sioux, Apache, Eskimo, Comanche, Choctaw, Cree, Ojibwa, Mohawk, Cheyenne, Navajo, Seminole, Hope, Shoshone, Mohican, Shawnee, Mi’kmaq, Paiute, Wampanoag, Ho-Chunk, Chumash, Haida. Below is the tribal map of Pre-European North America.
The old map below gives a Native American perspective by placing the tribes in full flower ~ the “Glory Days.” It is pre-contact from across the eastern sea or, at least, before that contact seriously affected change. Stretching over 400 years, the time of contact was quite different from tribe to tribe.
For instance, the “Glory Days” of the Maya and Aztec came to an end very long before the interior tribes of other areas, with some still resisting almost until the 20th Century. At one time, numbering in the millions, the native peoples spoke close to 4,000 languages. The Americas’ European conquest, which began in 1492, ended in a sharp drop in the Native American population through epidemics, hostilities, ethnic cleansing, and slavery.
When the United States was founded, established Native American tribes were viewed as semi-independent nations, as they commonly lived in communities separate from white immigrants.

Native Tribes of North America Mapped
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05/08/2024

In 1973, Sacheen Littlefeather took the stage to reject an Oscar on behalf of Marlon Brando. She was given 60 seconds on stage to provide the following speech:
“Hello. My name is Sacheen Littlefeather. I'm Apache and I am president of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee. I'm representing Marlon Brando this evening and he has asked me to tell you in a very long speech, which I cannot share with you presently because of time but I will be glad to share with the press afterwards, that he very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award. And the reasons for this being are the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry – excuse me – and on television in movie reruns, and also with recent happenings at Wounded Knee. I beg at this time that I have not intruded upon this evening and that we will in the future, our hearts and our understandings will meet with love and generosity. Thank you on behalf of Marlon Brando"
She kept her full composure despite the boos and jeers coming from the audience. John Wayne had to be restrained by security because he wanted to physically assault her as she left the stage. Clint Eastwood mocked her by saying that he was presenting the award on behalf of “all the cowboys shot in all the John Ford Westerns.” Subsequently, Littlefeather was blacklisted by Hollywood and never worked again.
Nearly half a century later, Littlefeather will return to the Academy as a guest of honor on September 17, 2022 !

05/08/2024

Excellent picture of a wonderful Comanche family, cira 1900.
The Comanche man named Tree Top is standing on the far right. He is shown with his beautiful family. On his right side, his daughter named Utah is sitting down along with his other children. The boy standing on the left side is Bert Seahmer. Photograph by Alice Snearly and Lon Kelley. Courtesy of Clay County Historical Society and the University of North Texas Libraries.
The friendliness and character of Comanche people was always clear within their villages. They enjoyed plenty of good conversation and great humor. It was certainly clear that Comanches lived life with a fondness for their community.
In 1857, the American western artist George Catlin observed their strong adoration for the spoken word.
Catlin penned the following:
" the wild, and rude and red - the graceful (though uncivil), conversational, garrulous, story-telling and happy, though ignorant and untutored groups that are smoking their pipes - wooing their sweethearts and embracing their little ones about their peaceful and endeared fire-sides; together with their pots and kettles, spoons, and other culinary articles of their own manufacture, around them; present altogether, one of the most picturesque scenes to the eye of a stranger, that can possibly be seen; and far more wild and vivid than could ever be imagined."

05/08/2024

"Sioux Chief Long Wolf & Family", ca. 1880.
~ “A Stranger Hears Last Wish of a Sioux Chief
Long Wolf went to London with Buffalo Bill's show and died there in 1892. Thanks to the struggles of a British homemaker, his remains will be returned home.”
May 28, 1997 |WILLIAM D. MONTALBANO
TIMES STAFF WRITER
BROMSGROVE, England — “After a restless century in a melancholy English graveyard, the remains--and the spirit--of a Sioux chief named Long Wolf are returning to his ancestral home in America because one stranger cared.
The stranger is a 56-year-old English homemaker named Elizabeth Knight, who lives in a small row house with her husband, Peter, a roof repairer in this Worcestershire village near Birmingham.
"I am a very ordinary sort of person," she said.
The sort who writes letters, not e-mail, who makes no long-distance phone calls, has no fancy degrees, has little worldly experience, who never gets her name in the papers. The sort who turns detective and historian and raises a transatlantic fuss because her heart is moved and her sense of fair play is outraged.
This is the story of how heirs of Middle England and the Wild West have joined forces to fulfill a dying wish made more than a century ago.
For Knight, the story began the day in 1991 that she bought an old book in a market near her house. There was a 1923 story by a Scottish adventurer named R. B. Cunninghame Graham that began this way: "In a lone corner of a crowded London cemetery, just at the end of a smoke-stained Greco-Roman colonnade under a poplar tree, nestles a neglected grave."
In the grave, under a stylized cross and the howling image of his namesake, lies Long Wolf. He died at 59 in a London hospital on June 11, 1892, the victim of bronchial pneumonia contracted in what was then a crowded, dark, gloomy, industrial city as far as anywhere on Earth from the Great Plains of North America.
"I was moved. I kept taking the book down, imagining Long Wolf lying there amid the ranks of pale faces

04/08/2024

𝙍𝙚𝙙 𝙎𝙝𝙞𝙧𝙩🔥
Red Shirt (Oglala Lakota: Ógle Šá in Standard Lakota Orthography) (a/k/a "Ogilasa" and "Joseph Red Shirt") (1847-January 4, 1925) was an Oglala Lakota chief, warrior and statesman. Red Shirt is notable in American history as a U.S. Army Native Scout and a progressive Oglala Lakota leader who promoted friendly associations with whites and education for his people. Red Shirt opposed Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877 and the Ghost Dance Movement of 1890, and was a Lakota delegate to Washington in 1880. Red Shirt was one of the first Wild Westers with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and a supporter of the Carlisle Native Industrial School. Red Shirt became an international celebrity Wild Westing with Buffalo Bill's Wild West and his 1887 appearance in England captured the attention of Europeans and presented a progressive image of Native Americans.

04/08/2024

Walla Walla woman Estelle Speel-ye. - Glass Negatives of Indians (Collected by the Bureau of American Ethnology) 1850s-1930s. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

04/08/2024

Everything on Earth is borrowed...
There is no "Mine"or"Your"...
there is only "Ours"...
Even Time is borrowed.
We kill over a Plot of land,
that belongs only to our Mother Earth.
All you have is what you came with...
and what you will leave with...
Your Spirit.

04/08/2024

Chief Ignacio of the Ute tribe wears traditional clothes combined with Western clothes in 1904. On their feet, Indians wear leggings in the form of high-leg, wide-leg leather trousers, decorated with tassels and tassels and fastened at the waist. Such leggings are often worn with a narrow loincloth that covers the crotch.

03/08/2024

White Painted Woman appears in ancient myths of the Chiricahua Apaches as the virgin mother of the people and the origin of women’s ceremonies. Such Chiricahua myths and traditions have closely prescribed the roles of women in relation to their husbands and children, to relatives and extended families, and to the band or tribe. One of those roles is to safeguard and hand on to the next generation the lore and customs of the people. In this way, Chiricahua women have served as safekeepers of a heritage that is now endangered. For more than a decade, H. Henrietta Stockel has moved with remarkable freedom and intimacy among the Chiricahuas, especially in the women’s friendship circles. With their permission and even blessing, she has observed and recorded aspects of their traditional culture that otherwise might be lost to history.Chiricahua Apache Women and Children, written in a familiar, personal style, focuses on the duties and experiences of historical Chiricahua Apache women and the significant influences they have exerted within the family and the tribe at large.After beginning with a look at creation myths, Stockel turns to family patterns and roles. She describes in detail the puberty ceremony she has repeatedly witnessed, a ceremony little known by those outside the band. Stockel looks also at the alternative lifestyle, also culturally prescribed, of four women warriors. She concludes with Mildred Cleghorn, a contemporary “woman warrior” who was chairperson of the Fort Sill Chiricahua/Warm Springs Apache Tribe in Oklahoma for nearly twenty years and who was also Stockel's close friend and “Apache mother.” Beautifully complemented with thirty-two black-and-white illustrations of women, children, and family life, Chiricahua Apache Women and Children offers a vivid glimpse into traditional Chiricahua Apache women’s lifestyles.

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