GeoD Point News

28/02/2024

07/12/2023

Thailand's Diplomatic Dance: Navigating the Costs of Deepening Ties with China

In recent years, Thailand has been strategically aligning itself with China, fostering robust ties through military collaboration, equipment acquisitions, and joint research projects. While this partnership has brought financial gains, it has simultaneously raised concerns among traditional allies like the United States, wary of China's expanding influence.

Once designated a Major Non-NATO Ally by the US in 2003, Thailand's relationship with Washington has experienced fluctuations, particularly after military coups in 2006 and 2014. A delicate balance exists for the US, aware that a complete freeze-out could drive Thailand further into China's orbit. However, China's increasing influence is evident in its active participation in Thailand's recent Defence and Security 2023 exhibition.

One notable episode in this evolving dynamic involves the Royal Thai Navy's decision to suspend the purchase of a THB13.5 billion (USD430 million) submarine from China. The move came after Germany, citing tightened export controls post-Ukraine war, refused to supply diesel engines to China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) for the submarine. China proposed an alternative engine, but Thailand's government hesitated, diverting the submarine budget to an anti-submarine warfare frigate.

Defense Minister Sutin Klungsang emphasized that strategic cooperation with China remains crucial, signaling a shift towards acquiring a frigate from Beijing. However, challenges loom, including potential higher costs and system interoperability issues within the Thai armed forces.

Thailand's military reliance on Chinese equipment has expanded, with Norinco delivering VT4 main battle tanks and winning a tender to supply Sky Saker FX80 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Despite these acquisitions, concerns arise over Thailand's ability to integrate disparate foreign equipment efficiently.

A notable case is the purchase of a Chinese-built Type 071E landing platform dock (LPD) ship, HTMS Chang, delivered without critical combat systems. The Royal Thai Navy plans to issue a tender to install Western systems, posing technical challenges and delays.

UAVs emerge as a fruitful area of collaboration, with Aero Technology Industry Company Limited (ATIL) showcasing Chinese-influenced UAVs at Defence & Security 2023. The company's rapid rise within Thailand's UAV sector, in just 2.5 years, underscores the depth of cooperation.

While the Move Forward Party (MFP) voiced opposition to military deals with China, recent political shifts, including the formation of a government led by the Pheu Thai Party, suggest continuity in Thai-Chinese military ties. The future trajectory of Thailand's military alliances remains uncertain, shaped by evolving political landscapes and global power dynamics.

As Thailand navigates its diplomatic dance, questions linger over its ability to maintain a delicate equilibrium, reaping the benefits of collaboration while mitigating the diplomatic and strategic costs associated with deepening ties with China. The unfolding geopolitical dynamics will undoubtedly shape Thailand's future military acquisitions and partnerships.

Image credits: CNA

28/11/2023

Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi Urges International Support in Anti-Regime Plea at ADL Conference

In a poignant address at the Anti-Defamation League’s 2023 National Leadership Conference, Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi, son of the late Mohammad Reza Shah, invoked historical parallels to shed light on the urgent need for global intervention in Iran's tumultuous state of affairs.

Drawing on the famed quote by Reverend Martin Niemoller, Pahlavi emphasized the repercussions of silence in the face of discrimination and violence. He underscored the rapid spread of hatred and suppression from the persecution of Jews to various groups within society, echoing Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks' caution that "the hate that begins with Jews never ends with Jews."

Pahlavi's focus was squarely on the Islamic Republic of Iran, denouncing it as the foremost sponsor of Jew-hatred, terrorism, and Holocaust denial. He highlighted the regime's grim human rights record, pointing out its persecution of not only Jews but also women, Baha’i, Sunni Muslims, Christians, and dissenting Shia Muslims.

The prince delved into history, revealing that Khomeini, the architect of the 1979 Islamic revolution, had been a long-standing adversary of modern Iran's secular reforms since the 1960s. These reforms, championed by Pahlavi's father, included coed literacy initiatives and extending voting rights to women and non-Muslims, provoking vehement opposition from Khomeini.

Pahlavi recounted Khomeini's use of antisemitic rhetoric in a 1963 speech, accusing Jews of cunning greed and framing Israel as an agent seeking to destroy Islam. This history set the stage for the 1979 revolution and the subsequent rise of the Islamic Republic, a regime built on the pillars of antisemitism and discrimination that have permeated Iranian society.

Despite the regime's brutal suppression of dissent, Pahlavi highlighted the resilience of the Iranian people, with recent uprisings in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2022-2023 signalling a growing resistance. The prince called for international support, drawing parallels to historical instances when Iran provided refuge to those fleeing the N***s during WWII and when Cyrus the Great allowed exiled Jews to return to Jerusalem.

In a plea reminiscent of rebuilding temples, Pahlavi implored the global community, especially the Jewish community, to aid Iranians in their quest for freedom. He emphasized that dismantling the Islamic Republic is essential for fostering peace and tolerance in the Middle East and beyond. Pahlavi's impassioned plea, if answered, holds the promise of transformative change akin to the historic significance of the Maccabean era.

28/11/2023

Myanmar's Unfolding Crisis: Assessing the Junta's Struggle Amid Escalating Conflict

In a region fraught with tension, Myanmar is witnessing a critical juncture in its political landscape since the Military Coup of 2021 as rebel forces intensify coordinated attacks, challenging the authority of the ruling junta. The conflict's escalation has prompted concerns about the sustainability of military rule in the Southeast Asian nation.

Current Dynamics:

China's Concerns: China, a neighboring nation, has not remained aloof to the turmoil. Expressing unease, China has called for a ceasefire as a coalition of ethnic armed groups, known as the Brotherhood Alliance, captured crucial border crossings. Beijing's recent "combat training activities" along the Myanmar border signal a proactive stance in the face of a potentially unstable situation.

Operation 1027 and Ethnic Armed Groups: Launched by the Brotherhood Alliance, Operation 1027 involves the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), and Arakan Army (AA). The rebels have successfully seized military posts, and towns, and disrupted trade routes with China, amplifying the complexity of the conflict.

Economic Strain: Beyond the geopolitical implications, the conflict has deepened Myanmar's economic woes. Cross-border trade disruptions have impacted the junta's revenue streams, exacerbating financial challenges already present since the 2021 coup.

Junta's Struggle: The ruling junta's response to the rebellion has been met with difficulties. Soldiers reportedly abandoned military outposts, and the military's reliance on air power has proven insufficient to control ground operations, highlighting the challenges faced by the junta.

Roots of Discontent: The discontent against Myanmar's junta dates back to the State Administration Council (SAC) coup in February 2021. The National Unity Government (NUG) and People's Defense Forces (PDF) who are members of the NLD Party of Aung San Suu Kyi, emerged as anti-junta forces, aligning with ethnic armed groups, particularly after the violent crackdown on peaceful protests.

Uncertain Future: The situation remains unprecedented, with uncertainties surrounding the junta's ability to quell the rebellion. Analysts suggest potential crackdowns employing oppressive tactics, raising questions about the junta's resilience.

Impact on India and China:

Indian Border Concerns: India has expressed concern over violence near its border, with displaced individuals seeking refuge. Thousands have crossed into Mizoram, adding a humanitarian dimension to the crisis.

China's Strategic Dilemma: China's strategic interests in Myanmar make the conflict a matter of paramount concern. The Brotherhood Alliance's dependence on China for arms raises questions about Beijing's involvement and its potential role in green-lighting the rebellion.

Economic Repercussions: The closure of borders due to the conflict has economic ramifications. The disruption of trade with China, a significant economic partner, is affecting business interests, adding a layer of complexity to the crisis.

As Myanmar grapples with internal strife, the international community closely observes the evolving situation, recognizing the regional implications and the uncertain trajectory of Myanmar's political landscape. 🌏🔍

27/11/2023

India Eyes Major Drone Deal with the US: Boosting Surveillance Capabilities

In a significant move, India is on the verge of finalizing a groundbreaking deal to acquire 31 MQ-9B Predator armed drones from the United States. This government-to-government agreement, expected to be sealed by March, is set to enhance India's surveillance apparatus, particularly along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.

The acquisition, estimated at around USD 3 billion, is part of India's strategy to strengthen its armed forces' capabilities. The drones, known for their long-endurance 'hunter-killer' capabilities, will play a crucial role in bolstering surveillance efforts, with a primary focus on strategic areas such as the LAC.

Negotiations between American and Indian officials are in the final stages, pending a response from Washington to India's Letter of Request (LoR). While the drone prices are yet to be finalized, the deal is anticipated to be a significant milestone in India's defense capabilities.

Teams from both nations are expected to hash out the final details, including costs and logistical aspects, aiming to conclude the deal by March next year. The agreement will involve the Indian government and American authorities, with the Pentagon conveying the requirements to General Atomics, a major player in the defense industry.

This development follows discussions during US Defense Secretary Lloyd J Austin's recent visit to India, where the procurement of these advanced drones was a key talking point. Austin, at a media briefing, emphasized that the deal's announcement would be made at the right time, highlighting the commitment to ensuring India gains these capabilities swiftly.

The MQ-9B Predator drones, known for their high-altitude long-endurance capabilities, can remain airborne for over 35 hours. Equipped to carry four Hellfire missiles and around 450 kgs of bombs, they serve multiple purposes, including maritime surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, and over-the-horizon targeting.

This move comes after the successful leasing of two MQ-9B Sea Guardian drones from General Atomics by the Indian Navy in 2020. The lease, initially for one year, has been extended, showcasing the effectiveness of these drones in enhancing India's surveillance capabilities in the Indian Ocean. The acquisition of these drones reflects a strategic step forward for India in ensuring its security and defence preparedness. 🛰️🤝

08/11/2023

India Offers Critical Aid: Helicopters for Philippines' Coast Guard in Disaster Relief

Manila: India's Support Strengthens Philippine Rescue Operations

President Ferdinand R Marcos Jr announced that the Indian government has extended a generous offer of at least seven helicopters to aid the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) in disaster rescue and humanitarian missions, emphasizing this as a significant boost for the country's emergency response capabilities.

President Marcos highlighted the substantial impact these helicopters would have on enhancing the nation's capabilities in rescue operations and maritime activities for the PCG. "This will greatly contribute to our Coast Guard's maritime operations," remarked President Marcos in an official statement.

Stressing the need for expanded capabilities in the face of ongoing challenges, the President emphasized, "We need to bolster our capacities, especially in terms of search and rescue, which remains a top priority."

The President made these remarks during a meeting with Indian Ambassador Shambhu Kumaran, focusing on reinforcing bilateral relations between the Philippines and India. Ambassador Kumaran discussed ongoing talks between the Indian government, the PCG, and the Department of Transportation (DOTr) regarding the procurement of helicopters specifically designed for maritime search and rescue operations and humanitarian aid.

Expressing the positive nature of the ongoing discussions, Ambassador Kumaran urged consideration for the Indian-built helicopters, highlighting their suitability for more active security operations with increased capacity for passengers and cargo, aligning with the evolving requirements of the Philippine Coast Guard.

President Marcos conveyed his intent to discuss India's offer with DOTr Secretary Jaime Bautista, as specified in the official statement, indicating a proactive approach to considering and potentially accepting this crucial assistance from India for the PCG's operations.

01/11/2023

Rafah Border Reopens for Humanitarian Aid Amid Ongoing Conflict

In a Glimmer of Hope, Gaza Border Resumes Operations

The Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt has witnessed a momentous reopening after more than three weeks of intense conflict. This decision comes as a lifeline for dozens of injured Palestinians in need of hospital treatment and hundreds of foreign passport holders seeking safe passage.

🚁 A Ray of Hope: Humanitarian Assistance Commences
Live images broadcasted from the Gaza side of the border captured a moving scene, with scores of people and vehicles passing through the gates toward the Egyptian side. Many individuals carried their belongings, highlighting the urgency and significance of this development. As of late Wednesday, at least 335 dual nationals and 76 seriously wounded and unwell individuals had successfully crossed the border, with more anticipated to follow suit.

🤝 Diplomacy in Action: International Cooperation
This reopening was the result of negotiations involving Egypt, Israel, and Hamas, with the coordination of the United States. Qatar played a pivotal role in mediating these discussions. The duration for which the Rafah crossing will remain open remains uncertain.

🌐 International Concerns Persist
Amid these diplomatic moves, Israeli forces continued their offensive against Hamas militants, with airstrikes targeting Gaza. Devastating events unfolded at Gaza's largest refugee camp, Jabalia, as Israeli airstrikes reportedly resulted in casualties.

🔍 Seeking Answers and Justice
Hamas's armed wing, al-Qassam Brigades, claimed the loss of civilian lives in the Israeli strikes on Jabalia. The situation is further complicated by the taking of hostages during a rampage inside Israel, including children, women, and elderly individuals.

💔 International Response
Saudi Arabia has strongly condemned the Israeli bombing of Gaza's largest refugee camp, and the UN has expressed serious concerns about potential war crimes committed during these events.

🏥 A Health Crisis Looms
In a tragic development, Gaza's only cancer treatment hospital has ceased operation due to a fuel shortage, raising fears about the welfare of patients.

🌐 Communication and Human Rights
Communication networks in Gaza faced disruptions for the second time in less than a week. Meanwhile, the UN child rights committee has called for an immediate ceasefire, expressing alarm over human rights violations against children in Gaza.

✝️ Pope Francis's Call for Peace
Pope Francis emphasized the need for a two-state solution for Israel and Palestine and the importance of granting special status to Jerusalem.

🌍 Global Demonstrations
Pro-Palestine demonstrators gathered outside Downing Street as Vice President Kamala Harris met with Rishi Sunak. The BBC has also announced the launch of an emergency radio service to provide information and support during the ongoing conflict in Gaza.

As the situation evolves, the world watches with concern, hoping for a swift resolution to the devastating conflict and suffering in the region. 🕊️

01/11/2023

India's Strategic Moves in the Indian Ocean: Port Visit and Space Deal Unveiled

To assert influence in the Indian Ocean region, India has been making strategic advancements, including the near-completion of a military base in Agaléga Island, Mauritius, and the proposed signing of a significant space cooperation deal. The recent visit of the Indian Navy's INS Sharda to Port Louis, Mauritius, is part of these efforts to fortify India's presence and counter China's increasing activities.

The military base, which is nearing completion in Agaléga Island, is poised for the extended deployment of air and naval assets, a move aimed at bolstering India's strategic advantage against China in the Indian Ocean. Alongside this development, an impending Memorandum of Understanding between New Delhi and Port Louis for the joint development and launch of an earth observation satellite for Mauritius highlights the collaborative exploration of space.

INS Sharda's arrival in Port Louis signifies joint exercises and drills between the Indian Navy and the National Coast Guard of Mauritius, focusing on harbour and sea training and surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Minister of State for External Affairs, V Muraleedharan, is scheduled to visit Port Louis to commemorate the anniversary of Indian labourers' arrival in Mauritius and witness the signing of the satellite deal. However, New Delhi remains cautious in openly discussing its role in the military base's development, even as certain construction aspects, such as runways and hangers, are reportedly completed on Agaléga Island.

Despite official claims that the base aims to bolster Mauritius' maritime security, the project has faced opposition and protests, with concerns over sovereignty and governmental transparency regarding the bilateral deal. While Mauritius denied claims of converting the island into a military base, a confidentiality clause in the 2015 MoU between India and Mauritius keeps specific details under wraps.

India's strategic moves in Mauritius signal a complex interplay of security, diplomatic ties, and regional influence, setting the stage for potentially impactful developments in the Indian Ocean region. 🌊🛰️

28/10/2023

India has risen to fourth globally in military spending, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, following an 8% increase to a 1.6 trillion rupee ($19.3 billion) defense budget. At the Aero India exhibition, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a plan to enhance annual military exports to $5 billion by 2025, transforming India into a net arms exporter. The plan aims to bolster domestic defense manufacturing, with hopeful prospects for defense companies such as Hindustan Aeronautics and Bharat Electronics, despite potential challenges....

India has risen to fourth globally in military spending, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, following an 8% increase to a 1.6 trillion rupee ($19.3 billion) defense …

28/10/2023

Canada has warmly welcomed India's decision to partially resume visa services, relieving numerous Canadians who were affected by the prior suspension. Canadian Immigration Minister Marc Miller noted this as "a good sign," while Emergency Preparedness Minister Harjit Sajjan saw it as positive but also emphasized on continued cooperation from India in ongoing investigations....

Canada has warmly welcomed India’s decision to partially resume visa services, relieving numerous Canadians who were affected by the prior suspension. Canadian Immigration Minister Marc Mille…

08/10/2023

Major Conflict Erupts as Palestinian Militant Groups Launch Offensive Against Israel

In a shocking turn of events on October 7, 2023, Palestinian militant groups, primarily led by Hamas, initiated a large-scale offensive against Israel from the Gaza Strip. This offensive marked a significant escalation in the longstanding conflict between Israel and Palestine, as it broke through the Gaza–Israel barrier and entered Israeli territory, including border crossings, nearby cities, military installations, and civilian settlements. This conflict is the first direct engagement within Israel's territory since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

The hostilities commenced in the early morning hours when Palestinian militants launched a barrage of rockets into Israel and conducted vehicle-transported incursions into Israeli territory. These attacks targeted not only surrounding Israeli civilian communities but also military bases. Some observers have already begun referring to these events as the onset of a potential third Palestinian intifada, marking a troubling development in the region. Israel responded by formally declaring war, a significant step not taken since the 1973 Yom Kippur War.

This offensive followed months of ongoing clashes between Israelis and Palestinians, including incidents in Jenin and at Al-Aqsa Mosque, resulting in the loss of lives on both sides. Hamas cited these events as justification for their offensive. Mohammed Deif, the commander of its military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, urging Palestinians and Arab Israelis to "expel the occupiers and demolish the walls." In response to the attacks, Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority, in an emergency meeting in the West Bank, expressed support for the Gazan infiltration, asserting that Palestinians had the right to defend themselves against the Israeli occupation.

Within Israel, all major opposition parties have called for a national unity government to confront the Palestinian offensive, highlighting the gravity of the situation.

The scale of the Palestinian attacks is evident in the launch of at least 2,200 rockets from the Gaza Strip. These attacks breached the border and led to casualties among Israelis, with at least 700 reported dead. In response, Israel's government declared a state of emergency, and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared in a national address that Israel "is at war."

As the Palestinian militants infiltrated Israel, they reached several kibbutzim near the Gaza Strip and Sderot. The Palestinian Ministry of Health, led by Hamas in Gaza, reported that Israel had killed at least 400 Palestinians in gunfights and airstrikes, including civilians, with a significant number being children and women. In contrast, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) claimed to have killed more than 400 individuals whom they referred to as "terrorists." Disturbingly, Palestinian and Israeli media sources reports suggested that Palestinian militants had taken Israeli soldiers and civilians, including children, as hostages. Several of these hostages were reportedly taken to the Gaza Strip. Additionally, multiple cases of violence and massacres against Israeli civilians have been reported since the beginning of the Hamas offensive.

Iran has openly supported the Palestinian offensive, further complicating the situation. In response, most countries, including Western nations and India, have condemned Hamas for the violence, categorizing the tactics used as terrorism. Meanwhile, some Muslim countries have blamed the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories and the denial of Palestinian self-determination as the root cause of the escalating conflict. Other nations have called for immediate de-escalation to prevent further loss of life and instability in the region.

As the situation unfolds, the international community watches with growing concern, hoping for a swift resolution to this devastating conflict.

Photograph: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

23/09/2023

Navigating the Skies: Argentina’s Air Power Upgrade Faces Complex Challenges

Argentina's pursuit of bolstering its air combat capabilities has led to a thorough evaluation of potential solutions. Among the foremost challenges is acquiring advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missiles (BVRAAMs) that are essential for modern air forces. The U.S. Congress's approval to sell ex-Danish F-16A/B fighter jets to Argentina was a significant milestone. However, the uncertainty surrounding providing the latest AMRAAM series of BVRAAMs underscores the complexities associated with this endeavour.

The hesitation regarding the AMRAAM series stems from multiple factors. Firstly, the F-16 platforms being acquired are of older vintage, and ensuring their compatibility with cutting-edge weaponry is a technical challenge. Secondly, there are diplomatic considerations, particularly concerning potential objections from the United Kingdom, which has a stake in the arms trade and international security.

The Argentine Air Force's preference for Israeli-developed Python-5 and Derby missiles to be integrated into these F-16s reflects a desire for flexibility in future arms procurement. Concerns about potential restrictions on selling additional weapons down the line have led to this strategic choice. In essence, Argentina aims for a comprehensive and future-proof air combat solution that ensures autonomy in its defence capabilities.

As an alternative solution, India's offer of its indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), Tejas, has added another layer of complexity to the decision-making process. The Tejas can operate both Python-5 and Derby missiles, making it a potentially attractive option for Argentina. However, the intricacies lie in the components and systems integrated into the Tejas, which have British origins.

Read more at :- https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0ucSt37NdahTKGhcHdEyJWaqgthCCtgbVCqd97vRuLuLTY1aX5x1KnVenbd8FcAFZl&id=100069938322890&mibextid=ZbWKwL

23/09/2023

Navigating the Skies: Argentina’s Air Power Upgrade Faces Complex Challenges

Argentina's pursuit of bolstering its air combat capabilities has led to a thorough evaluation of potential solutions. Among the foremost challenges is acquiring advanced Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missiles (BVRAAMs) that are essential for modern air forces. The U.S. Congress's approval to sell ex-Danish F-16A/B fighter jets to Argentina was a significant milestone. However, the uncertainty surrounding providing the latest AMRAAM series of BVRAAMs underscores the complexities associated with this endeavour.

The hesitation regarding the AMRAAM series stems from multiple factors. Firstly, the F-16 platforms being acquired are of older vintage, and ensuring their compatibility with cutting-edge weaponry is a technical challenge. Secondly, there are diplomatic considerations, particularly concerning potential objections from the United Kingdom, which has a stake in the arms trade and international security.

The Argentine Air Force's preference for Israeli-developed Python-5 and Derby missiles to be integrated into these F-16s reflects a desire for flexibility in future arms procurement. Concerns about potential restrictions on selling additional weapons down the line have led to this strategic choice. In essence, Argentina aims for a comprehensive and future-proof air combat solution that ensures autonomy in its defence capabilities.

As an alternative solution, India's offer of its indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), Tejas, has added another layer of complexity to the decision-making process. The Tejas can operate both Python-5 and Derby missiles, making it a potentially attractive option for Argentina. However, the intricacies lie in the components and systems integrated into the Tejas, which have British origins.

The British-supplied components in the Tejas pose a challenging hurdle. To make the LCA-Tejas a viable choice for Argentina, HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) has embarked on a mission to replace these British components with non-British alternatives. This meticulous process includes the provision of a locally developed Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar to replace the British components within the radar system, a crucial component for any modern fighter aircraft.

Additionally, HAL has committed to swapping out the British in-flight refuelling system to align the Tejas with Argentina's specific operational needs. These efforts represent a significant commitment from India to facilitate the acquisition of its indigenous aircraft, demonstrating the depth of the negotiations and the strategic importance of the decision for both nations.

However, one of the most intricate challenges in this endeavour lies in replacing the British-supplied ejection seats with the proposed Russian ejection seats. Ejection seats are a critical safety component for fighter pilots, and any modification in this area demands rigorous testing and costly redesign of the aircraft's cabin. The complexity of this process underscores the lengths to which Argentina is willing to go to ensure its air combat capabilities meet modern standards.

In conclusion, Argentina's quest to enhance its air combat capabilities is a multifaceted endeavour that involves intricate technical, diplomatic, and strategic considerations. The choice between acquiring ex-Danish F-16A/B fighter jets or opting for India's LCA-Tejas is about more than just the aircraft themselves but also the complex web of components, systems, and international relationships that come with them. Argentina's final decision will be a delicate balancing act that reflects its commitment to ensuring the security and autonomy of its air forces in an ever-evolving global landscape.



Picture credits:- Deb Rana