Dreamer Science

17/05/2023

Mysterious infra-frequency sounds are being detected in the Earth's upper atmosphere
It has been reported that there are mysterious sound waves in the stratosphere, which is the lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere.
These infrasounds (infrasound) with frequencies less than 20 Hertz that cannot be heard by the human ear have been detected by special equipment in solar powered balloons sent up to 70,000 feet above sea level.
This discovery was revealed at the 184th meeting of the American Acoustical Society held in Chicago, United States on May 11.
"The source of the mysterious infrasound that occurs several times an hour in the stratosphere is still unknown." Daniel Bowman, a senior scientist at Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico, is the lead researcher of this study.
The stratosphere starts from 14.5 km above the sea level of the earth and spreads up to about 50 km.
Although this stratosphere is a calm zone with minimal disturbances, with ozone gas that blocks the sun's ultraviolet rays, these mysterious sounds are now a reality.

By EurekAlert.

17/05/2023

Life can exist not only in habitable zones

Most of the missions in search of extraterrestrial life focus on the 'Habitable Zone' in various star systems. Planets located at a reasonable distance from the star, where liquid water can exist, belong to this region.

But a recent study shows that the habitable zone should be taken care of very carefully. It suggests that it should be done not by searching for 'survivable' zones, as is currently the case, but by searching for 'auditable' zones.

'Life' can also be defined as a collection of information-based assessments. The information and calculations contained in DNA are processed by various proteins. Organisms are subject to natural selection based on their ability to store information and adapt to the environment.

Almost all conventionally conducted extraterrestrial life missions look at different ecosystems, taking Earth as an example. That is, it is taken as a context that the organisms living on the surface of a certain planet located at a distance from the parent star use liquid water as a solvent for their chemical reactions. But could there not be more complex life forms spread throughout this universe?

This study shows that the habitable zone is defined by a more expanded concept. The highest probability of finding clues to life is in an ecosystem suitable for computation. There are three qualities that need to be added to the table to create 'revenue zones'. The first is that it should be rich in chemical compounds. The second is having the help of an energy source. A solar or hydrothermal vents are examples of this. The third requirement is to have a suitable basis for the audit.

According to this new proposal, 'habitable zones' can be introduced as a subset of the more widespread 'enumeration zones'.

05/05/2023

Artificial intelligence reads human thoughts

For the first time, a group of researchers at the University of Texas at Austin, USA, has succeeded in building a translator that can convert human thoughts into words without inserting devices into the brain (non-invasive). This unique achievement has been achieved with the help of artificial intelligence.

Earlier recognition of human thoughts was done through computer systems, but it was all done through the insertion of sensory devices into the human brain. In this research, the data obtained from the fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan technology, which can monitor brain function through changes in blood flow in the brain, was used. The researchers had analyzed them by using the Large Language Model called GPT-1, which was introduced before the introduction of ChatGPT by the Open AI company.

Here, the researchers arranged for three volunteers to listen to podcasts for 16 hours each, and their brain activity was monitored through fMRI. The researchers then trained the GPT-1 language model to match those brain activations to the content of the podcast. The research participants were then allowed to listen to other new podcasts while the GPT-1 language model was instructed to predict the content of the new podcast by examining the brain activity data obtained in the process. In about half of the cases, it has managed to turn the thought into words almost correctly and in some cases extremely correctly.

Scholars point out that this research is a huge leap in this field. This can be introduced as an important step forward in the effort to build an interface that connects the human brain and computers. Many things, such as dream recording machines, which were once only limited to science fiction, may become real realities through this.

The research report related to this research was published on May 01 in Nature Neuroscience Journal.

27/11/2022

13/07/2022

Southern Ring Nebula

— Webb granted us a ring!
• This is the view of the Southern Ring planetary nebula (aka NGC 3132) and its couple of stars, carried by two of Webb’s instruments: NIRCam [1] and MIRI [2].
• These two stars put a new spin on “til death do us part.” The dimmer star, locked in orbit with the younger, brighter star, is dying — expelling gas and dust that Webb sees through in unprecedented detail. Webb reveals for the first time that the dying star is cloaked in dust.
• The stars – and their layers of light – steal more attention in the NIRCam image, while glowing dust plays the lead in the MIRI image. In thousands of years, these delicate, gaseous layers will dissipate into surrounding space.
• The Southern Ring nebula is called a planetary nebula. Despite “planet” in the name, which comes from how these objects first appeared to astronomers observing them hundreds of years ago, these are shells of dust and gas shed by dying Sun-like stars. The new details from Webb will transform our understanding of how stars evolve and influence their environments.

Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI⁣⁣

13/07/2022

Stephan's Quintet

— A galactic high five from James Webb!⁣
⁣• Here, we can see five galaxies, known as Stephan’s Quintet, and among them four of which interact. (The left galaxy is much closer to us than the rest of the group.) These colliding galaxies are pulling and stretching each other in a gravitational dance. Webb will revolutionize our knowledge of star formation and gas interactions within.⁣
• This mosaic is Webb’s largest image to date, covering an area of the sky 1/5 of the Moon’s diameter (as seen from Earth). It contains more than 150 million pixels and is constructed from about 1,000 image files. Webb is the most complex and powerful space telescope ever built.⁣
Additionally,
• ⁣A group of five galaxies that transpire close to each other in the sky: two in the middle, one toward the top, one to the upper left, and one toward the bottom. Four of the five appear to be touching. One is somewhat separated. In the image, the galaxies are large relative to the hundreds of much smaller (more distant) galaxies in the background. All five galaxies have bright white cores. Each has a slightly different size, shape, structure, and colouring. Scattered across the image, in front of the galaxies are several foreground stars with diffraction spikes: bright white points, each with eight bright lines radiating out from the centre.

Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI⁣⁣

13/07/2022

Carina Nebula

— The imperial finish of the James Webb Space Telescope’s first images.⁣⁣
• ⁣⁣Behind the curtain of dust and gas in these “Cosmic Cliffs” are formerly invisible baby stars, now disclosed by the Webb telescope.
⁣⁣• Webb’s new view gives us a rare peek into stars in their earliest, rapid stages of formation. For an individual star, this period only lasts about 50,000 to 100,000 years.⁣⁣
Additionally,
• ⁣⁣The image is distributed horizontally by a hilly line between a cloudscape cropping up a nebula along the bottom portion and a comparatively clear upper portion. Speckled across both portions is a starfield, showing innumerable stars of many sizes. The tiniest of these are small, distant, and faint points of light. The largest of these appear larger, closer, brighter, and more fully resolved with 8-point diffraction spikes. The upper portion of the image is blueish and has wispy translucent cloud-like streaks rising from the nebula below. The orangish cloudy formation in the bottom half varies in density and ranges from translucent to opaque. The stars vary in colour, the majority of which, have a blue or orange hue. The cloud-like structure of the nebula contains ridges, peaks, and valleys – an appearance very similar to a mountain range. Three long diffraction spikes from the top-right edge of the image suggest the presence of a large star just out of view.

Image credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI⁣⁣

07/05/2022

Did You Know?

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