17/10/2022
Character is a psychological formation that contains fixed
emotional relationship of a person to typical life situations and in a certain way
associated stereotypes of cognitive and behavioral "schemes" for responding to these situations.
Character as a system of certain stereotypes of emotional, cognitive, behavioral
response to typical life situations, is formed under the strong influence
worldview and orientation of a person, but does not overlap. It defines reactive, not
proactive human behavior.
The basic position of character - body and temperament
These are two parameters of the same object - a person. The structure of the body determines the temperament, which is its function.
Sheldon proceeded from the existence of a somatotype - body type and described them using three
main parameters: endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy and distinguishes three
body type. These body types correspond to certain types of temperament:
viscerotonics, somatotonics, cerebrotonics.
The orientation of the personality is always socially conditioned and
formed in the process of education.
Orientation is attitudes that have become a property of the individual and are manifested in such
various forms, such as attraction, desire, aspiration, interest, inclination, ideals,
outlook, belief.
Let us briefly characterize each of the selected forms of orientation in the order of hierarchy.
Attraction is the most primitive, inherently biological form
orientation. From a psychological point of view, it is a mental state that expresses
undifferentiated, unconscious or insufficiently conscious need.
Desire is a conscious need and desire for something specific. A wish,
being conscious, has a motivating power. It sharpens the consciousness of the future goal and
building a plan.
The next form of direction is striving. Striving arises when
the structure of desire includes a volitional component. Therefore, the desire is often considered in
as a well-defined incentive to action.
