29/03/2023
- The 3 types of microphones* . .
(*ok, there's more than 3, but these are the ones you're gonna run into on the regular) . .
- Here's a quick rundown of the basic types of microphones, we'll do a proper deep dive into each one separately in the future - don't forget to follow and like if you want to see that!
These microphones are generally not super sensitive, because of the moving coil diaphragm design, so dynamic mics are ideally suited to loud sources. Things like blaring guitar amps and drums are where dynamics shine, though there is a very popular podcast mic that's a dynamic.
Dynamic mics typically don't have a super extended low frequency response, and oftentimes have a large lift in the upper midrange (looking at you, SM57!) They're also usually the cheapest kind of mic available, though premium dynamics do exist. . .
These microphones are much more sensitive to quiter sounds than dynamics, primarily because a diaphragm capsule gets moving (and turning that motion into electrical signal) much faster than the heavy moving coil designs. Condensers need +48v phantom power to operate, and are much more fragile than dynamics.
Condenser mics tend to have a better frequency response in the low end, and almost always have a lift towards the high end, making them particularly suited to vocal duties. They range in price from a few hundred to tens of thousands. . .
These microphones have a corrugated ribbon held in a magnetic field, and are the most fragile and sensitive of the basic mic types. +48v phantom power can damage the ribbon element, as well as potential ribbon damage from high sound pressure levels, these things can be a bit pernickety and very expensive to repair and maintain. They do sound great though, and when you need that ribbon mic sound, nothing else will do.
Ribbon mics have great low end response, because of the proximity effect, wherein as a source sound gets closer to the microphone, low frequencies are boosted. They usually also start rolling off the top end at around 15kHz, which is why they're often referred to as "dark" sounding. Ribbons can be very expensive to purchase, but there are some great affordable options out there, not everything has to be a Coles or a Royer! . .