PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

05/03/2020

PARASITIC AND PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF Fuarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis ISOLATES ON OKRA AND COLLARD PLANTS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Parasitic and pathogenic effects of four isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, originating from the date palm, were tested on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and collard (Brassica oleracea var. viridis) plants, two plant species largely associated with date palm in a Moroccan oasis. Inoculation of the plants was carried out by soaking their roots in a spore suspension (106 spores/ml) of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis isolates. The presence of the fungus in the inoculated plants stimulated the growth of the plants. The length of the okra plants inoculated with isolates 1, 2 and 4, varies between 33.33 and 52.1 cm compared to the control plants (28.5 cm). The number of leaves emitted from inoculated plants varies from 15.22 to 18.74 while the number of leaves emitted from control plants is 12.33. The fresh weight of the aerial part varies between 30.86 and 34.73 g and the root part varies between 30.86 and 34.73 g and between 48.1 and 50.8 g, respectively, those of the control plants are 41.2 and 49.1 g. Although isolate 3, induced stunting on okra plants, the length of the inoculated plants was 26 cm compared to the control plants with 28.5 cm. This reduction also affected the fresh weight of the aerial and the root part with26.36 g and 49.08 g, respectively; those of the controls are 30.96 and 48.1 g. All Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis isolates tested have induced foliar symptoms in inoculated okra plants, with evidence of foliar alterations ranging from 0.38 (isolate 3) to 0.75 (isolate 1). Concerning inoculated plants of collard, isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis were also able to pe*****te and colonize the upper levels of the plants, but the growth of these inoculated plants was not impeded, ranged from 11.16 to 11.96 cm with no difference as compared to the control plants (12 cm). The plants of collard inoculated with the studied isolates showed heterogeneous growth, some inoculated plants developed more than others and the average root mass of these plants (varies between 14.07 and 14.8 g) exceeds that of control plants (10.6 g). The parasitic specificity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis was also studied in this research.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4951

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05/03/2020

ISOLATION OF MICROORGANISM FROM SPROUTS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : A survey to assess the potential public health risk related to consumption of minimally processed sprouts was conducted in retail establishments in Chennai, India. A total of 80 sprout (40 mixed sprout and 40 alfalfa sprout) samples procured from two different supermarkets were tested for aerobic plate count (APC), coliform count (CC), staphylococcal count (SC) and for the presence of pathogens. The current study was aimed with an objective to identify and characterise the microorganisms from the packed sprouts in Chennai India. Standard morphological and biochemical characteristics of the microorganisms were identified using standard methods. The predominant microorganisms present were namely, Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus.



http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4949

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

FIRST REPORT OF Colletotrichum lupini CAUSING ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE ON THE OLIVE FRUITS IN MOROCCO | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Pure cultures of a large number of fungal isolates were obtained from anthracnose symptoms developed on the olives collected from Ouazzane and Sidi Kacem regions (North and North West of Morocco). Microscopic observations, based on morphological criteria, identified some of them belonging to the genus Colletotrichum. However, high morphological similarity and sometimes identical host range were exhibited by the Colletotrichum species. Molecular taxonomy has brought the OCol1 isolate to Colletotrichum lupini with a similarity of 96.82%. The GenBank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of this isolate is SUB5832003 OCol1 MN064849 voucher RAB107302. Koch's postulates were applied to know the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum lupini encountered for the first time on the olive tree in Morocco. The leaves and olives inoculated with OCol1 showed circular lesions that were soft and dark. The diameters of the lesions developed in fruits and leaves inoculated with mycelial disks of C. lupini are respectively 1.062 and 0.78 cm. Olives and leaves inoculated by spraying a conidial suspension showed symptoms of rot that affected more than 70% of the olives and 40% of the leaves. 15 days after inoculation, these symptoms developed clusters of orange spores.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4946

05/03/2020

THE ADVENT OF CRISPR Cas9 – NEW GENERATION OF GENOME EDITING TOOLS (A REVIEW) | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : The prokaryotes possess clustered repeated interspaced short palindromic repeat system (CRISPR), which forms the basis of acquired immunity of single celled organisms against the viral threats. This system works along with the Cas9 enzyme, basically a restriction endonuclease to cleave the sequences at a targeted site complementary to CRISPR. The Cas9 endonuclease can be programmed and is regulated by small guide RNA (siRNA) sequences of about 20 bases long that cleave the DNA at site-specific regions causing mutations. These small guide RNA can be designed to cleave at particular loci, the guide RNA contains complementary base sequence to that of the DNA of our interest, therefore this property of RNA makes CRISPR more efficient tool as the RNA will bind only to the opposite base pairs none other part of DNA. Presently, various experiments on gene engineering, mutagenesis, gene expression are being conducted on various organisms and it is now believed that CRISPR can be used to treat single faulty gene diseases to turn a gene on or shut off and using animals models to study the genetically inherited diseases of humans. This review article will provide new insight on the advancements and applications of CRISPR Cas9 technology.



http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4941

05/03/2020

EFFECTS OF VERMICOMPOST APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF Arachis hypogaea L.| PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Vermicompost is the type of compositing that was studied on the growth parameters of Ground Nut plant [Arachis hypogaea L]. Vermicompost chemical composition contains especially nitrates, exchangeable phosphorous, soluble potassium, calcium and magnesium than that of growth media. The study was mainly aimed on the plant growth on the seedlings that was grown in difference composition of the vermicompost such as [10%-100%]. The outcome of vermicompost of root and shoot length, germination percentage and vigor index, and the leaf area index were studied. The study indicated significant impacts of vermicompost application on the analyzed growth parameters.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4944

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Morus nigra AND Artocarpus heterophyllus LEAVES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : During the present study, methanolic extract of M. nigra and A. heterophyllus leaves were analyzed for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro methods. The preliminary phytochemical studies showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins in both plants while alkaloids and saponins were missing. Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by total antioxidant assay, iron chelating assay, reducing power assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated by membrane stabilisation method. The results showed that both plants possess high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner. M. nigra and A. heterophyllus extracts were found to have large amounts of phenolics (38.46 mgGAE/gram and 164.04 mgGAE/gram respectively) and flavonoids (74.92 mgQE/gram and 68.15 mgQE/gram respectively) which probably the key towards its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Owing to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property of these plants, they can thus be used for the development of drugs against oxidative stress associated diseases.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4942

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

TOXIC EFFECTS OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF Cyperus iria (Rice Flatsedge) – A W**D PLANT | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Chromium is a toxic heavy metal reported to show toxicity towards humans, animals and plants and other forms of life present on earth. The current study, was aimed at finding out harmful impacts of chromium on physiological as well as biochemical parameters of Cyperus iria. Pot culture experiments were carried out to determine the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on physiological (fresh and dry weight) and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activity) of Cyperus iria. The different concentrations of chromium taken for treatment were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mg/Kg of chromium including control for comparison purpose. Different growth parameters were recorded at 40 and 80 DAS (days after sowing). The results demonstrates that with increase in concentration of chromium, there was a gradual decrease in the level of physiological and photosynthetic parameters and increase in catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activity at 40 and 80 days DAS (days after sowing).

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4940

05/03/2020

CADMIUM STRESS RESPONSES IN Brassica juncea L. PLANTS THROUGH HISTOCHEMICAL AND QUALITATIVE APPROACHES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Major Environmental toxicants include heavy metals (HMs), which lea to oxidative stress by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). They may cause toxic effects in living organisms by entering through food chain. Brassica juncea plants are hyperaccumulators of heavy metals and possess certain defensive strategies to scavenge the free radicals. The present study deals with the effects of cadmium metal on free radical generation, surface study of leaves and expression of hormones in B. juncea. Response of seedsof B. juncea L. var. RLC-1 were estimated after revealing them to cadmium (Cd) metal stress for 7-days. Treatment of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM concentration of Cd were given to the seeds. Surface features of leaves, histochemical studies of roots, and hormones profiling had been evaluated in 7-days old seedlings of B. juncea. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies revealed the closure of stomata under Cd induced stress. Additionally, histochemical studies examined by confocal microscopy, showed an increase in oxidative stress and also caused significant damage to nucleus in comparison to control. Alteration in the expression of phytohormones was revealed in LC/MS study. Cd treatment triggered a battery of defence responses in B. juncea plants which included major metabolites.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4939

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

EFFECT OF SALINITY STRESS ON in vitro SEED GERMINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF Triticum aestivum L. var. HD 2687 and Zea mays var. PSCL-4642 in PRESENCE OF SALINITY TOLERANT BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM Bougainvillea | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Wheat and Corn crops contribute to man food security by providing a nutrient-rich diet. However, their productions in abiotic stress conditions, such as salinity, are limited. Present study aims to carry out to evaluate the NaCl tolerance efficiency of Triticum aestivum L. var. HD 2687 and Zea mays var. PSCL-4642 cultivars, at germination stage with inoculation of salt tolerant bacterial endophyte BoGl17 isolated from Bougainvillea glabra. Seed of both crops was examined for % seed germination with/without bacteria at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl level. BoGl17 inoculation increased the radicle length of wheat and corn germinated seeds by 23.1 mm and 7 mm, respectively at salinity stress of 50 mM NaCl. However at 100 mM NaCl level, radical length of wheat and corn seedlings was 10 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Inoculation of BoGl17 isolate significantly increased the germinated seeds plumule lengths compared with controls. BoGl17 raised the plumule length of wheat in contrast of the control seeds by 30, 13, 6.8, and 4.1 mm at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM salinity stress, respectively. Current research results supported the hypothesis that bacterial endophytes could be beneficial to subside the toxicity of saline stress on wheat and corn at the time of germination

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4938

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND EXOGENOUS PROLINE APPLICATION ON PROTEIN PROFILING AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITIES DURING Ex vitro SHOOT MULTIPLICATION IN HYPOCOTYLS OF TWO BRUGUIERA SPECIES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Healthy and mature propagules/hypocotyls of two Bruguiera species i.e Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera parviflora were collected from Bhitarakanika mangrove forest (Buffer zone), Odisha, India and raised in green house condition. The propagules were decapitated/excised in the collar region (meristematic junction between plumule and hypocotyls). The decapitated hypocotyls were treated with the different concentration of salt and/or proline medium (T1 to T7) and control (T0) at 10 days intervals up to 40 days. Samples (hypocotylar part) were collected at 10 days intervals up to 40 days and analyzed in order to study the changes with effect of different concentration of NaCl and/or proline on expression of salt induced protein markers and antioxidant enzyme activity during multiple shoot regeneration in two Bruguiera species. Total protein content decreased with increasing concentration of salt stress but after amendment of proline, it was gradually increased in both the species. B. gymnorrhiza synthesized an unique polypeptide of MW 17 KDa with high salinity condition at 30 days of decapitation. Similarly, polypeptides having MW 41, 47 and 32 KDa synthesized due to high salinity after 40 days in case of B. parviflora. Likewise, the antioxidant enzymes such as POX, CAT and SOD were accumulated more in B. gymnorrhiza than B. parviflora. Hence, it is concluded that sodium chloride stress tolerant potential was more in B. gymnorrhiza than B. parviflora. The findings may contribute to better multiple shoot from hypocotyl to raise a salt tolerant line for mangrove restoration purpose.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4937

05/03/2020

PRESENCE OF HEAVY METAL IN WATER (YAMUNA RIVER), SOIL AND VEGETABLES IN DELHI AND TO EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF PHYTO-ACCUMULATING CAPACITY OF Eichhornia crassipes | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract :Heavy metal consumption for long term have been reported to have harmful impacts like skin damage, dermatitis, Wilson disease, liver damage, kidney damage, risk of cancer, circulatory disorder and decreased body weights. In the present investigation, concentration of 10 heavy metals - arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, manganese, lead, iron, nickel, copper and zinc, in the water samples of River Yamuna across Delhi was analyzed at six sites. The concentration of iron, copper, nickel and manganese was found in all the six sites. Among these four, the concentration of iron was recorded maximum. The concentration of these four heavy metals were observed in the soils of agricultural field near the river bed or near the water source for three sites. Further, the presence of heavy metals in seven vegetables i.e., cabbage, fenugreek, tomato, onion, potato, radish and spinach, grown on these three fields were analyzed. All these four metals were observed in the vegetables indicating a strong correlation between soil contamination and metal content in vegetables. In search of a phyto-accumulating plant to address the problem of heavy metal contamination in water, the efficiency of Eichhornia crassipes was evaluated. Its effect under heavy metal stress was analyzed by measuring membrane damage quantifying electrolyte leakage, change in chlorophyll and proline content. The percentage electrolyte leakage was found maximum when the tissue was exposed to mercury (98%) followed by copper, lead and nickel which ranged from 80-90%. The total chlorophyll content was found to be maximum in the iron treated tissues (1.97 mg/g FW) followed by arsenic, chromium manganese and zinc. In compared to control, proline accumulation was higher in iron (5 μmol/g FW) treated tissues followed by manganese, zinc, chromium and arsenic. In the present investigation, E. crassipes was found to be an excellent accumulator. Under 72 h, it accumulated all the ten heavy metals studied with maximum of iron i.e., 43.27 mg/100 g tissues, followed by zinc, copper, manganese, nickel. Based on our findings, we propose that the dried tissues of E. crassipes can be used in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated water.



http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4936

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF SERINE BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY GENES UNDER VARIOUS ABIOTIC STRESS IN Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Serine plays an important role in plant’s signaling, development and metabolism. Serine is synthesized by three different pathways, namely the phosphorylated pathway, the glycolate pathway, and the glycerate pathway. The presence of three different pathways for serine production has complexed our understanding of this non-essential amino acid. To identify which pathway is more important than the other, the expression of one key gene from each of the three pathways, i.e., phosphoserine phosphatase of phosphorylated pathway, Ser hydroxymethyl-transferase of glycolate pathway and glycerate dehydrogenase of glycerate pathway, was analyzed using semi quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of the genes was studied under different abiotic stress, which include salinity, drought, high and low temperature in 7 d old seedlings of Brassica juncea. The expression of above three genes was also studied in roots and shoots for understanding the tissue specific expression. It was seen that under different abiotic stress genes were expressed in both roots and shoots. To confirm whether the genes are light or dark regulated, expression of each gene was observed under dark and light conditions. Phosphoserine phosphatase gene of the phosphorylated pathway was found to be expressed both in light as well as dark. Hence, phosphorylated pathway was concluded to be more active under abiotic stress compared to the other two pathways.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4935

05/03/2020

GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR MICRONUTRIENT CONTENT IN ANDIGENA POTATO GENOTYPES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Micronutrient deficiencies in the diet lead to hidden hunger, which has become a global public health issue. Potato is a modest source of micronutrients. Genetic variability in potato germplasm can be exploited for developing micronutrient rich cultivars. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the tuber mineral concentrations in 37 Andigena (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena) accessions. The selected accessions were grown in fields under uniform agronomic conditions with sufficient supply of nutrients. The selected accessions showed high levels of morphological diversity in terms of tuber shape, eye depth and flesh colour. After harvesting seven uniform sized tubers for each accession were selected and the micronutrient concentrations in the flesh of the tuber were analysed via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Considerable variations were observed in the concentrations of Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) in the tuber flesh. The concentrations of Fe varied from 18.03 to 45.97 mg/kg, Zn from 12.33 to 33.87 mg/kg, Cu from 4.43 to 22.47 mg/kg and Mn from 7.27 to 29.80 mg/kg of dry weight. The percent tuber flesh dry matter content ranged from 13.49% to 24.99%. A positive correlation between Fe and Cu content was found (r= 0.39, P-value ≤ 0.05). These variations in the mineral concentrations indicate that different accessions have differential genetic capabilities for micronutrients, as these accessions were grown under uniform conditions. The most promising andigena accessions were JEX/A-288, JEX/A-539, and JEX/A-907 for micronutrient content while JEX/A-468 and JEX/A-707 for dry matter content. The knowledge of diversity present in the tetraploid Andigena potato population can catalyse the breeding programs aimed to develop nutrient rich, high-yielding potato varieties.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4934

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

BIODEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS PESTICIDES BY Xanthomonas BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM AGRICULTURAL SOIL IN BAGHDAD | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : The organophosphate compound, chlorpyrifos, is widely used as an insecticide. Excessive use of these pesticides is disturbing the ecosystems and using biodegradation for their removing is a persistent need. In the present study, chlorpyrifos contaminated soil samples were collected from several agricultural fields in Baghdad city and the bacterial isolates were obtained by enrichment culture technique. Based on morphological, biochemical characteristics, 24 isolates were identified as Xanthomonas sp. The effect of different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 ppm) of chlorpyrifos on the total viable count of the isolates and their tolerance was carried out in this study. Four isolates (KNX5, KNX12, KNX21 and KNX23) could tolerate up to 400-1000 ppm of chlorpyrifos amended in minimal salt medium plates. The isolate KNX5 demonstrated heavy growth even at the highest concentration of 1000 ppm and used for further studies. The different culture conditions like carbon sources, the concentration of chlorpyrifos, pH and inoculum densities were used to evaluate the biodegradation potential of KNX5 strain. The good carbon source for chlorpyrifos metabolizing was glucose. The most efficient biodegradation results were obtained by using the inoculum density (108 CFU/ml) and pH (8). The strain KNX5 showed a high degradation potential of chlorpyrifos (93.1%) at the concentration of 400 mg/L after 10 days of incubation. This study indicated the importance of Xanthomonas local strains as a tool of bioremediation in the contaminated soil with chlorpyrifos.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4931

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.

05/03/2020

EFFECTS OF STORAGE AND PRE-SOWING TREATMENT ON SEED GERMINATION OF Camellia impressinervis | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Demand for growing golden camellias has been increasing as their yellow flowers have been widely used. Tea made by its flowers has been used for healthcare and the importance of using flowers on antioxidant activities, superoxide anions and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging assays has been reported. In addition, flowers are also used to treat sore throat, diarrhea, and cancer prevention. In this study, effects of pre-sowing treatment and storage on seed germination were examined for a golden camellia - Camellia impressinervis. Seeds were collected from planted trees in North Vietnam for experiments. There were two storage treatments as clean seeds were stored in a refrigerator at minus 12-10°C for one month and control (non-storage). There were three pre-sowing treatments as (Pre40-45) soaking seeds in 40-45°C water until reaching normal condition, (Pre70-75) soaking seeds in 70-75°C water for 5 minutes, and control (soaking seeds in normal temperature water for 5 hours). The results indicated that seeds in storage treatment cannot remain germination after storing one month, while non-storage seeds had a germination rate of 52.8%. The total germination rate (18%) was lowest in Pre70-75, increased to 20% in Pre40-45. While the highest total germination rate (52%) was found in control. It is concluded that seeds of C. impressinervis must be sown immediately after collecting from mother trees by pre-sowing treatment of soaking in normal temperature water for 5 hours and then seeds are sown in a wet sand bed.



http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4927

05/03/2020

EFFECTS OF SHADING ON SURVIVAL RATE AND INITIAL GROWTH OF RATTANS (Calamus sp.) | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Abstract : Rattan is one of the most important non-timber forest products, which has been contributing to poverty reduction in remote areas. However, its production from natural forests has been remarkably reduced in recent decades because of over-exploitation and forest degradation for agricultural land and timber demand. Planting rattans was estimated to increase rapidly in the next decades. Therefore, techniques for successfully growing rattans are becoming urgent needs. This work aimed at evaluating the effects of shading levels (40-43% full sunlight and 50-53%) on survival rate and initial growth of three rattans (Calamus tetradactylus, C. rudentum and C. platyacanthus) in Northwestern Vietnam. The results indicated that shading levels did not significantly affect survival rate, height and number of internodes at 6 months of growth. However, such growths in 50-53% shading level were higher than that in 40-43% shading. Among three study rattans, C. tetradactylus had the highest survival rates (> 95%), the best growths (> 38 cm height and > 6.5 internodes) and the lowest dead causes by insect and fungi (< 2%). While conversely, it was observed in C. rudentum with lowest survival rate (< 84%), the shortest stem (< 30 cm) and the highest dead causes by insect and fungi (up to 10%). It was concluded that secondary natural forests with a shading level of 40-55% should be selected to grow C. tetradactylus, C. rudentum and C. platyacanthus. Pesticides should be applied before growing to the field to reduce dead seedlings caused by locusts.

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http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/4928

International Knowledge Press (IKP) is a publisher of peer reviewed, international journals and books. We are committed to provide Fast and 'Quality service' for the scholarly community.