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Beyond Borders

Disclaimer: This page is not affiliated with the authors of the film Beyond Borders (2003).

Disclaimer: This page, Beyond Borders, is neither affiliated with nor has something to do with the authors of the film Beyond Borders. This page is a platform that provides digital advocacies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject The Contemporary World.

23/10/2022

𝙐𝙣𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙨 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙖 𝙥𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙗𝙚𝙮𝙤𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙤𝙧 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙙𝙨 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧-𝙗𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙚, 𝙞𝙩 𝙬𝙞𝙡𝙡 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙮 𝙞𝙣 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙜𝙧𝙚𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙚𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙩𝙨𝙚𝙡𝙛 𝙨𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮.
-𝘼𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙚𝙬 𝙃𝙖𝙧𝙫𝙚𝙮

Along with the swift passing of time comes the rapid advancements in technology and the rise of modernity. With just the movement of a few fingers, people immediately get what they want, thanks to the availability of online shopping. Furthermore, whenever they would like to buy items, especially those that are for pre-order due to their high demand, most people would do whatever it takes most of the time, just so they would satisfy their desires and at the same time, belong to the “In Group.”

People easily get fascinated and captivated by novel commodities to the point that they spend on items that exceed their needs. Thus, overproduction and overconsumption seem to be a “vital element” of today’s society, specifically in the socioeconomic sphere. However, little did they know that our impulsivity and greed pose threats to the environment.

A very prevalent example that demonstrates this mentality of “belongingness” is the unnecessary purchase of clothes. Most individuals tend to buy new items to wear even if we already have a lot at home. While they see the final products (clothes) hung attractively and enticingly in malls or in other stores, these commodities go through a lot of washing, chemical treatment, dyeing, and drying with certain chemicals again before they would be placed in the market. These processes mentioned, however, have adverse effects on the environment.

The overproduction and overconsumption of materials make factories produce more toxic smoke, dump more waste in landfills, and dispose of chemically-filled liquid substances in the bodies of water. Thus, the natural surroundings become exceedingly polluted.

Individuals can, however, mitigate the further degradation of the Earth by practicing sustainable consumption and conforming to ethical production. Considering the Laws of Supply and Demand, if there would be no high demand for new commodities, specifically clothes in this sense, then there would be no need for the overproduction of these materials. Thus, the wastes that are thrown into the different landforms, water forms, and the air are lessened.

Purchasing from second-hand stores or thrift shops, including those that sell pre-loved items online may be viable options for those who wish to buy new clothes. In actuality, this is a more economic gesture, since people who wish to purchase the specific products would be given numerous options at a lower price. Simultaneously, those who buy from these secondhand stores help the entrepreneurs who run the establishments.

𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬:
Astoul, A. (2020 August 22). How second-hand shopping can save the planet. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://greenwithless.com/second-hand-shopping-planet/
Barrett, K., Long, M. & Stretesky, P. (2017). 6. Crimes of Overproduction and Overconsumption. In Green Criminology: Crime, Justice, and the Environment (pp. 114-138). Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520964228-009
Fernandez, M., Dalve, B., Mcwilliam, A., & Morgan, M. (2019, May 6). Overproduction. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://sustainableearth.blog/2019/05/06/overproduction/
Lasserre, S. (2019, February 14). Overproduction, the scorge that threatens your product line. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.locabri.com/en/blog/overproduction-production-line
Net Impact. (2020, November 12). Consequences of overproduction and overconsumption. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://netimpact.org/blog/overproduction-overconsumption-consequences
Okafor, J. (2021, May 3). 10 reasons to buy second hand rather than new. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.trvst.world/sustainable-living/10-reasons-why-you-should-buy-second-hand/
Teramae, L. (2022, February 21). Why thrift shopping is better for the environment. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://topicinsights.com/sustainability/thrift-shopping-sustainability

22/10/2022

𝔚𝔥𝔢𝔫 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔣𝔦𝔫𝔡 𝔭𝔢𝔞𝔠𝔢 𝔴𝔦𝔱𝔥𝔦𝔫 𝔶𝔬𝔲𝔯𝔰𝔢𝔩𝔣, 𝔶𝔬𝔲 𝔟𝔢𝔠𝔬𝔪𝔢 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔨𝔦𝔫𝔡 𝔬𝔣 𝔭𝔢𝔯𝔰𝔬𝔫 𝔴𝔥𝔬 𝔠𝔞𝔫 𝔩𝔦𝔳𝔢 𝔴𝔦𝔱𝔥 𝔬𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔰 -𝔓𝔢𝔞𝔠𝔢 𝔓𝔦𝔩𝔤𝔯𝔦𝔪

A poster depicting an online environment where people of various races, ages, cultures, traditions, beliefs, and religions interact and collaborate encapsulates the purpose of this advocacy. Peace and justice reign whenever we recognize and value not only our personal attributes, strengths, limitations, and rights, but also those of others. By simply being inclusive of, critically optimistic, and courteous to other people, we are already edifying an environment of peace, justice, and harmony.

𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬:
Corkalo, D. (n.d.). Peace education: The development of peace education and its basic principles. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2314/Peace-Education.html

Solomy, E. (n.d.). 9 simple ways to create a more simple life. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://peacerevolution.net/wall/topic-100017110/9-simple-ways-to-create-a-more-peaceful-life #/

United Nations Organization. (2014, September 9). Peace means dignity, well-being for all, not just absence of war—UN officials. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2014/09/476992 #:~:text=Peace%20means%20dignity%2C%20well%2Dbeing,to%20the%20United%20Nations%20Language

3 ways on how to leave peacefully with others. (2022, January 9). Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.prettylifestylez.com/3-ways-on-how-to-live-peacefully-with-others/

09/10/2022

𝐃𝐨𝐧’𝐭 𝐖𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞 𝐚 𝐇𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧’𝐬 𝐏𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐬 𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥

“ᴛᴇᴄʜɴᴏʟᴏɢʏ ɪꜱ ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴀ ᴛᴏᴏʟ ꜰᴏʀ ʜᴇʟᴘɪɴɢ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴅᴇꜱᴛʀᴏʏɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇᴍ. ᴛʜɪꜱ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀᴅᴏx ᴏꜰ ᴏᴜʀ ᴛɪᴍᴇꜱ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴡᴇ’ʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ꜰᴀᴄᴇ.”
-ꜰʀᴀɴᴋ ʜᴇʀʙᴇʀᴛ

Even prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic, technological advancements have greatly influenced global demography and migration patterns already. Robots, designed to perform human labor (e.g., serving in restaurants), have replaced a number of waiters and waitresses, especially in countries with capital-intensive economies. Consequently, the number of job-seekers who were forced to struggle harder to have a source of income to sustain themselves and their families has significantly increased. Many of the affected population resorted to working abroad or in other locations that are distant from where they live. Thus, global demography and migration continue to become greatly, if not exceedingly, dynamic.

One of the main reasons for the replacement of humans with robots in the labor field is that the latter is able to accomplish more tasks at a faster rate than the former, and that the total cost of maintenance for the latter is cheaper, since the former is paid either on an hour-to-hour or a day-to-day basis. Another reason why capitalists use this strategy is for the promotion and expansion of their businesses. Restaurants, whose service crew are robots, would most likely attract a lot of customers, especially children. Hence, numerous business owners, especially those in capital-intensive countries, invest more in machines, specifically human-like robots, to earn more while spending less.

However, would economic gain be a sound and ethical justification for the substitution of people with mere technological assets? Would it be normal for a society to value money and robots more than interpersonal relationships, social responsibility, and the lives of human beings? While the latter has no emotions and families to provide for, capitalists, who are also human beings, seem to rob job seekers of opportunities for their survival and the satisfaction of their needs. These profit-minded individuals prioritize their outlook of benefitting more even if they already have, over being able to give hope and jobs to other people.

While technological advancements are essential for the contemporary society to progress, people who look for work must not be deprived of employment opportunities. A society is a place where humanity and altruism must be prevalent and not a milieu where products of technology and innovation are treated with more care and importance.

𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬:
Capital intensive definition. (2022, May 2). AccountingTools.com. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/capital-intensive

Castelli, F. (2018, July 20). Drivers of migration: Why do people move? Journal of Travel Medicine, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/tay040

Center for Strategic & International Studies. (2022, May 18). The perils and possibilities of using technology for migration management. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://www.csis.org/events/perils-and-possibilities-using-technology-migration-management

Kelly, J. (2020, October 27). U.S. lost over 60 million jobs—new robots, tech and artificial intelligence will take millions more. Forbes. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2020/10/27/us-lost-over-60-million-jobs-now-robots-tech-and-artificial-intelligence-will-take-millions-more/?sh=8fb8b41a5250

Semuels, A. (2020, August 6). Millions of Americans have lost jobs in the pandemic—and robots and AI are replacing them faster than ever. Time.com. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://time.com/5876604/machines-jobs-coronavirus/

24/09/2022

𝕮𝖊𝖑𝖊𝖇𝖗𝖆𝖙𝖊 𝕯𝖎𝖋𝖋𝖊𝖗𝖊𝖓𝖈𝖊𝖘, 𝕰𝖒𝖇𝖗𝖆𝖈𝖊 𝕬𝖑𝖑 𝕽𝖆𝖈𝖊𝖘

“𝙄𝙣 𝙖 𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙩 𝙨𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙮, 𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙣𝙤𝙩 𝙚𝙣𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝 𝙩𝙤 𝙗𝙚 𝙣𝙤𝙩 𝙚𝙣𝙤𝙪𝙜𝙝 𝙩𝙤 𝙗𝙚 𝙣𝙤𝙣-𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙩, 𝙬𝙚 𝙢𝙪𝙨𝙩 𝙗𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙞-𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙩.” -Angela Davis

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (n.d.) defines racial or color discrimination as the unfair and unfavorable treatment of individuals who belong to a certain race or possess characteristics (e.g., skin color, hair texture, and other body features) that distinguish a certain race. Over the years, numerous individuals, specifically those of Asian and African-American descent, have been subjects of hate and racism for their color and body features. Until the present, this inhumane culture of hate, bashing, and maltreatment is still prevalent in society.

But during the current onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a more significant increase in the number of assault victims who are Asians or Asian-Americans. According to a news report by Yam (2022), anti-Asian hate crimes rose by 339 percent in 2021 compared to the year 2020, according to studies published by the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism. New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and other cities surpassed their record levels in 2020. The number of anti-Asian hate crimes in New York City increased by 343 percent, from 30 to 133. Whereas, the number of crimes in San Francisco increased alarmingly, by 567 percent, from 9 to 60. Likewise, Los Angeles had a comparably sizable increase of 173 percent.

It would be remembered that on March 2022, A 67-year-old Filipino woman was savagely attacked in a New York anti-Asian hate crime and suffered serious injuries. Since 2021, when an increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and other occurrences was reported, the Philippine Consulate General in New York City, USA, has documented 26 incidents involving violent attacks and other incidents against Filipinos.

The increasing number of anti-Asian hate crimes has been attributed to the surge and proliferation of COVID-19 in the world, specifically in America. This anti-Asian hate that continuously builds up is rooted when former President Donald Trump explicitly and frequently attributed the spread of COVID-19 to China (Findling, et al., 2022). In fact, according to the Morning Consult/Politico National Tracking Poll Number 210639 along with other auxiliary polls, “64 percent of Asian Americans cite COVID-19 cases first being reported in China, followed by 57 percent citing Donald Trump” answered the question about the unjust treatment against the community of Asian American Pacific Islanders (AAPI) (Findling, et al., 2022).

Thus, with these pieces of information presented, the main goal of my advocacy, presented through this poster and this slogan, is to celebrate differences and embrace all races because we are all equal human beings, whatever race we may have. As Nelson Mandela once said and I quote, “Science and experience have also shown that no race is inherently superior to others, and this myth has been equally exploded whenever blacks and whites are given equal opportunity for development.” Together, let us call for the end of racial discrimination, as well as the brutal maltreatment of Asians for the fallacious and generalizing reason that they are the reason for the spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic. The origin of the COVID-19 global crisis in Asia, particularly in China, is not, and will never be, a justifiable reason to harm Asians and other people.

𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬:

Chao, E. (2022, September 23). “The fear is very real”: How Asian Americans are fighting rising hate crime. The Guardian. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/apr/23/asian-american-fighting-rising-hate-crime
Covid-19 fueling anti-Asian racism and xenophobia worldwide: National action plans needed to counter intolerance. Human Rights Watch.org. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/12/covid-19-fueling-anti-asian-racism-and-xenophobia-worldwide
Hong, N., & Bromwich, J.E. (2021, October 26). Asian-Americans are being attacked. Why are hate crime charges so rare? The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/nyregion/asian-hate-crimes.html
Mineo, L. (2021, March 24). The scapegoating of Asian Americans. The Harvard Gazette. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/a-long-history-of-bigotry-against-asian-americans/
Noe-Bustamante, L., Ruiz, N.G., Lopez, M.H., & Edwards, K. (2022, May 9). About a third of Asian Americans say they have changed their daily routine due to concerns over threats, attacks. Pew Research Center. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/05/09/about-a-third-of-asian-americans-say-they-have-changed-their-daily-routine-due-to-concerns-over-threats-attacks/
Philippine Consulate General. (2022, March 15). Filipina victim of anti-Asian hate in stable condition; Asian-American community condemns brutal attack. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/2022/03/15/filipino-victim-of-anti-asian-hate-in-stable-condition-asian-american-community-condemns-brutal-attack/
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (n.d.). Race/color discrimination. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://www.eeoc.gov/racecolor-discrimination
Yam, K. (2022, February 1). Anti-Asian hate crimes increased 339 percent nationwide last year, report says. NBC News.com. Retrieved September 24, 2022, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/anti-asian-hate-crimes-increased-339-percent-nationwide-last-year-repo-rcna14282

23/09/2022

And together we say: ᴇɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴄᴜʀꜱɪᴏɴ ɴᴏᴡ!

𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀:
Book:
Lobell, S.E. (2005). The challenge of hegemony: Grand strategy, trade, and domestic politics. USA: University of Michigan Press.
Pahre, R. (1999). Leading questions: how hegemony affects the international political economy. USA: University of Michigan Press.

Online:
Bandeira, L.M. (2019). The world disorder: US hegemony, proxy wars, terrorism and humanitarian catastrophes. USA: Springer.
BBC News. (2022, September 13). Ukraine war in maps: Tracking the Russian invasion. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60506682
Drew, C. (2022, July 5). 17 Hegemony examples. HelpfulProfessor.com. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://helpfulprofessor.com/hegemony-examples/
Kirby, P. (2022, May 9). Why has Russia invaded Ukraine and what does Putin want? BBC News. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589
Pszczel, R. ( 2022, July 7). The consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for international security – NATO and beyond. NATO Review. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2022/07/07/the-consequences-of-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-for-international-security-nato-and-beyond/index.html
RAND Corporation. (2022). Russia’s war in Ukraine: Insights from RAND. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.rand.org/latest/russia-ukraine.html
Saull, R. (2010, March) hegemony and the global political economy. International Studies Association and Oxford Press. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.208
The Guardian. (2022, Septem 22). Russia-Ukraine war latest: What we know on day 211 of the invasion. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/sep/22/russia-ukraine-war-latest-what-we-know-on-day-211-of-the-invasion
UN news. (9 September 2022). Ukraine: More than 14,000 casualties to date but ‘actual numbers are likely considerably high’. News.UN.org. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126391

22/09/2022

𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐄𝐍𝐒𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐑𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐒 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐘

Aside from the Philippines, countries such as China, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Japan consume rice and other crops more often than not. And so, the production of this line of commodities must be of continuous and copious supply. To achieve this goal, farmers usually labor all day, even under the scorching heat of the sun, so that they would be able to plant. Along with their herculean tasks come the expensive cost of materials such as pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation equipment, as well as natural calamities such as El Niño, La Niña, pestilence, and pest attacks that destroy their produce.

In addition to the inevitable unpropitious circumstances that farmers face whenever they plant crops, the income they get from their hard work is not justifiable. Capitalists and middlemen purchase the farmers’ yield at a very low price while they (capitalists and middlemen) sell the commodities at a higher price to other business folks, factories, and ordinary consumers. There are also times when farmers are deceived by middlemen through the signing of contracts or the creation of agreements in which the terms and conditions may not be understood by the agriculturalists, putting these individuals at a disadvantage.

Farmers are people too. They also have their families to feed, their expenses to pay for, and their basic needs to purchase for their survival. But due to the fact that they are not paid fairly, they experience a pecuniary shortage, hunger, and even indebtedness. If crops harvested and sold by farmers were to be bought at reasonable prices, these people would have little or no problems with regard to their income and expenses, given the fact that many countries rely on agricultural yields.

𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬:
Agoada, K. (2019 September 5). The time has come to pay farmers properly. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://producersmarket.com/blog/the-time-has-come-to-pay-farmers-properly/

Booth, A. (2021). Follow the food: The reason we’re running out of farmers. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/the-reason-we-are-running-out-of-farmers/

Iron Roots. (2020, April 1). Why it’s important that farmers earn enough money. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.ironroots.com/blogs/futurefriday/why-it-s-important-that-farmers-earn-more-money

Ksr, K. (2018). Why don’t farmers get good prices for their products? Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.quora.com/Why-do-farmers-get-paid-so-little-for-their-crops

Mahapatra, R. (2018, December 3). You may pay a steep price but does the farmer make any money? September 18, 2022, from https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/you-may-pay-a-steep-price-but-does-the-farmer-make-any-money--62364

World Atlas. (n.d.). Top 10 rice consuming countries. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-10-rice-consuming-counties.html

𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬:
https://c8.alamy.com/zooms/9/b9e11dbb335f4b218fe746e3cc547253/2gffhp6.jpg
https://c8.alamy.com/zooms/9/86ece819a2a94ecf88f43aa9b24378a7/p303fp.jpg
https://image.shutterstock.com/image-photo/hand-farmer-holding-coin-there-260nw-1708472947.jpg
https://image.shutterstock.com/image-photo/tired-farmer-wheat-field-260nw-1455360146.jpg
https://ogden_images.s3.amazonaws.com/www.farmcollector.com/images/2015/08/05175002/new-century-cultivator-alan-jpg-1.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/8309/8020030653_faec62cd6a_z.jpg

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