26/06/2020
*11:50AM Severe Weather Discussion, Current Temps*
Current temperatures in Ohio are reaching the 80s, with most dew points in the mid-60s. Although it appears to be cloudy out, this is actually the Saharan Dust making its way into the Ohio Valley! These temperatures are one of the factors behind the SPC's decision to issue an Enhanced risk for areas stretching from eastern Iowa to eastern Michigan. The main threats associated with this risk are gusty winds (>60 MPH), hail (> 1 inch), and a small chance for isolated tornadoes. The wind and hail will be the main areas of concern for Ohio, based off of the convective setup...
A remnant mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) is currently present over the southern Minnesota and northern Iowa border. With this MCV is a cold and warm front (meeting at what is called the "triple point" zone) and a shortwave trough that will be the main drivers of this weekend's severe weather. This trough is associated with the deepening low pressure system originating over Ontario, but will make the storm take a southeastern dive towards us.
Optimal wind shear near the MCV and triple point zone will allow for prime lifting for storms to remain sustained as they move into the Ohio Valley. This wind shear does not stop at the surface, however, as there is steady shear throughout the atmosphere above the surface. Although there is no distinct jet streak near the Ohio Valley, the shortwave trough over northern Illinois is helping to produce divergence, leading to those storms we see near cities like Rochelle, Mendota, DeKalb, and Aurora.
In addition, there is a very warm and moist air mass from the Gulf of Mexico flowing over the area and moving our way shortly, with dew points close to 70 degrees in some parts at the surface. This moisture extends nearly to 10,000 feet above the atmosphere and is another driving factor for these storm formations. Surface based Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) will see values of 2-4,000 J/kg as we see surface heating increase throughout the day.
Storms will predominantly form behind the warm front and ahead of the cold front near that triple point zone and MCV. Since this is the prime area for lifting and stronger wind shear, this is where the main tornado threat is expected to be. The warm front will slowly move across Illinois by dinnertime and through northwest Ohio and Columbus at around 8:00pm, with the MCV moving into central Wisconsin and eventually dissipating to combine with the deepening low pressure system north of Lake Superior.
EXPECTED TIMING
Northwest Ohio will see the first round of storms in the 2:00pm-7:00pm range. The threat is not expected to be high with this round, gusty winds and small hail should be expected. The second line of storms will move through in 8:00pm-4:00am, where we'll see high winds and hail, although an isolated tornado cannot be ruled out (it's Ohio, always expect the unexpected with us!)
For the rest of the Ohio Valley, a severe line of storms will move through northern Illinois around 7:00pm. This line will extend from Michigan through Iowa and will move through areas like Chicago and Grand Rapids by midnight (this is the second line of storms mentioned above for northwest Ohio). Northern Illinois is currently in the greatest area for tornadoes (only at about a 5% chance), stretching east to Grand Rapids and back west to Dubuque, Iowa. This will be the primary area to watch for spin-up tornadoes, but the threat may extend into Indiana and northwest Ohio (a 2% chance issued by the SPC).
A 2% chance, although close to zero, does not guarantee a zero percent chance of a tornado occurring! Have different ways to receive severe weather information: local news apps and TV stations, a NOAA weather radio, Twitter notifications from your local NWS office, etc.