25/08/2022
Drunken Monk Audio Guide to Sound Department Roles:
Boom Operator
The most ubiquitous production sound role is also eponymous! The Boom Operator's role is to locate the primary microphone in a position that records the most desirous sound in each take. This is normally dialogue, due to the fact that the norm for film is that all other sounds, whether diagetic or otherwise, are created, recreated, or otherwise reinforced, in the post-production workflow.
The boom operator will work with the rest of the crew to find the best location for the microphone, based upon limits of frame, camera movement and lighting, so that it can be positioned in a way that allows for the best capture of specific sounds and minimising the capture of undesired sounds and reverberations in the space. The boom operator will also "swing" the boom to change microphone position based on camera and character movements, ensuring that delivered dialogue is captured optimally, and also take into account the perspective of the shot, with regard to reverberations in the space and camera position.
The optimal positioning of a microphone for dialogue capture is approximately 1-3 feet from the subject, overhead, aiming towards the middle of the subject's forehead. This is generally considered the best location for consonant intelligibility. However, there are a number of solutions for positioning microphones, dependent upon a myriad of shot composition factors.
Microphone choice is often determined by both the set and the source, as different microphones will be better suited the sound department often will have a range of microphone choices, based upon the situation and the subject being captured. At minimum, a properly equipped sound department should have a couple of options for the boom microphone - the most common choices being the Sennheiser MKH416 shotgun and the MKH50 small diaphragm condenser (SDC)
Outdoor settings typically mean that a "shotgun" microphone is the best choice, as this particular design employs an interference tube to reduce capture of off-axis sounds. Shotgun microphones vary in length and longer shotgun microphones are more focused, meaning they have a narrower angle of pickup, or "polar-pattern", making them more useful for applications where the microphone is required to be placed further away from the source, and the opposite is generally true of shorter shotgun microphones.
Indoor settings, on the other hand, lend themselves more to the application of SDC microphones with a narrow polar-pattern, typically super- or hyper-cardioid . This is due to the fact that the interference tube function is less effective at reducing reverberations of the primary sound source, which are more likely in an enclosed space.
The polar-pattern of a microphone is also a consideration for the boom operator, as microphones with narrow polar-patterns tend to also tend to capture sound at the 180 degree position, so Boom Operators will need to be mindful of microphone position with regard to background noise, in order to optimise off-axis rejection.
The Boom Operator tends to be the "public face" of the Sound Department, relaying information between other departments and the Production Sound Mixer and working collaboratively to ensure sound is captured without intruding into shots or hindering performances.
The role of the Boom Operator is often physically demanding, requiring exertion to hold the boom in place for extended periods during long takes, or stretch and move in awkward manners. A dedicated boom operator will therefore have an understanding of the established best practices in terms of posture and grip of the boom. Ignoring these practices and adopting poor techniques can lead to operators suffering chronic stress injuries or developing arthritic conditions later in life.