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7 prichin, pochemu vi privlekateljni dlya komarovZa vsyu nashu istoriyu komari ubili boljshe chelovek, chem sami lyudi d...
16/07/2022

7 prichin, pochemu vi privlekateljni dlya komarov
Za vsyu nashu istoriyu komari ubili boljshe chelovek, chem sami lyudi drug druga. Razberyomsya, kogo iz nas oni kusayut chasche i pochemu.
1. Vi mnogo zanimaetesj sportom i imeete krupnoe teloslozhenieIzobrazhenie: Sven Mieke / UnsplashKomari obladayut razvitoj obonyateljnoj sistemoj i ischut zhertv preimuschestvenno po zapahu. Verhnechelyustnie schupiki krovososov snabzheniMosquitoes Detect Carbon Dioxide / Ask Nature specialjnimi sensornimi nejronami, kotorie ulavlivayut dvuokisj ugleroda, ili CO2. Eto osnovnoj faktor, privlekayuschij nasekomih.Po slovamWhy some people are mosquito magnets / NBCnews Dzhonatana Deya, professora medicinskoj entomologii Universiteta Floridi, kolichestvo uglekislogo gaza, proizvodimogo chelovekom, zavisit ot metabolizma. Lyudi, kotorie aktivni fizicheski i imeyut boljshuyu mishechnuyu massu, chasche stanovyatsya dobichejF. van Breugel. Mosquitoes Use Vision to Associate Odor Plumes with Thermal Targets / Current Biology komarov.Krome CO2, sportsmeni videlyayut bolee siljnie zapahi molochnoj kisloti, osobenno vo vremya trenirovki, acetona pri dihanii i estradiola — produkta raspada estrogena. Komari obozhayut vse eti aromati. Oni pryamo‑taki manyat etih vampirov, kak zapah sochnogo stejka. Poetomu krupnie lyudi s visokim metabolizmom, atleti i fitnes‑modeli vsegda pod pricelom pischaschih krovososov. Vdobavok boljshih lyudej komaram banaljno legche zametitj. V obschem, te, kto lyubit belok, sami yavlyayutsya horoshim ego istochnikom.Reshenie. Ne zanimatjsya sportom. Shutka, trenirovatjsya mozhno, no neobhodimo tschateljno mitjsya posle i ne ustraivatj probezhki v mestah skopleniya gnusa.2. Vi lyubite nositj chyornoeIzobrazhenie: Tobias van Schneider / UnsplashChyornaya odezhda viglyadit stiljno. Tak schitayut mnogie. Komari tozhe.Delo v tom, chto zrenie u etih nasekomih ne takoe krutoe, kak obonyanie. Komari sposobniF. van Breugel. Mosquitoes Use Vision to Associate Odor Plumes with Thermal Targets / Current Biology rassmotretj cheloveka na rasstoyanii primerno ot 5 do 15 metrov, esli vam interesno.Taneshka Kryuger, rukovoditelj Instituta borjbi s malyariej v Universitete Pretorii utverzhdaetWant mosquitoes to pass you by? Don’t wear dark clothing / Business Insider, chto na meste celej oni vidyat lishj ogromnie silueti. Tyomnie cveta siljnee videlyayutsya v ih pole zreniya, poetomu nasekomie letyat posmotretj, chto tam takoe boljshoe, chyornoe i interesnoe meljkaet.Krome togo, krovososam takzhe nravyatsya zelyonie, krasnie i prochie yarkie cveta, kak ustanovilEdgar J. M. Pollard. Maximising mosquito collections from barrier screens: the impacts of physical design and operation parameters / Parasites & Vectors Edgar Pollard iz Avstralijskogo instituta tropicheskogo zdorovjya i medicini.Kstati, zebri evolyucionno razvili na sebe kamuflyazhnuyu okrasku — chyorno‑belie polosi, kotorie sbivayut s tolku muh cece, slepnej i drugih nasekomih. Yaponskie issledovateli ustanoviliT. Kojima. Cows painted with zebra‑like striping can avoid biting fly attack / PLoS One, chto pokrashennie takim obrazom korovi tozhe menee uyazvimi dlya gnusa — vidimo, u krovososov ot takogo printa ryabit v glazah.Na lyudyah eksperimenti, pravda, ne provodilisj, tak chto neizvestno, naskoljko shozhestj s zebroj zaschischaet ot krovososov. Esli u vas pod rukoj zavalyalsya chyorno‑belij polosatij sviter, poprobujte ego nadetj i rasskazatj o rezuljtatah v kommentariyah.Reshenie. Myagkie cveta. Belie, pasteljnie, bezhevie, haki i olivkovij ottenki delayut vas menee zametnimi dlya komarov. Net, konechno, esli moskit podletit poblizhe, on vsyo-taki dogadaetsya, chto vi sjedobni. No odetimi v chyornoe lyudjmi on budet interesovatjsya ohotnee.3. Vi poteete i imeete povishennuyu temperaturu telaIzobrazhenie: un‑perfekt / PixabayStrogo govorya, pod pristaljnim vnimaniem komarov okazivayutsya ne toljko lyudi, mnogo zanimayuschiesya sportom, no i vse, kto obladaet povishennim potootdeleniem. Mochevaya kislota i ammiak, soderzhaschiesya v pote, signaliziruyutJ. I. Raji. Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Detect Acidic Volatiles Found in Human Odor Using the IR8a Pathway / Current Biology gnusu sletatj posmotretj, chto tam takoe vkusnenjkoe.Mozhet pokazatjsya, chto dostatochno opriskatjsya dezodorantom ili odekolonom, otbiv zapah pota. No, kak utverzhdaetThis Is Why Mosquitoes Target Some People Way More Than Others / Self doktor Geri Goldenberg, medicinskij direktor fakuljteta dermatologii Medicinskoj shkoli Ikana, nekotorie duhi, naprotiv, toljko siljnee manyat krovososov. Osobenno privlekateljnimi komari schitayut sladkie aromati.Reshenie. Borotjsya s usilennim potootdeleniem, ili gipergidrozom, — dlya etogo nuzhno zapisatjsya na priyom k dermatologu. Krome togo, nado banaljno chasche mitjsya.4. Vi beremenniIzobrazhenie: Anastasiia Chepinska / Unsplash.V odnom issledovanii, provedyonnom v Gambii, ustanoviliR. Dobson. Mosquitoes prefer pregnant women / BNJ, chto tamoshnie gnusi vdvoe aktivnee interesuyutsya beremennimi zhenschinami.Issledovateli predpolozhili, chto eto svyazano s uvelicheniem objyoma vidihaemogo imi uglekislogo gaza. Takzhe u beremennih primerno na 0,7 °C bila povishena temperatura tela. I oba etih faktora skazalisj na zametnosti dlya komarov.Voobsche, rezuljtati etogo eksperimenta sledovalo bi pereproveritj, potomu chto v nyom uchastvovali toljko 72 ispituemie. No dolya istini tut estj.Reshenie. Sdelatj test na beremennostj nikogda ne pomeshaet.5. U vas pervaya gruppa kroviIzobrazhenie: National Cancer Institute / UnsplashDa, issledovaniya pokazivayutY. Shirai. Landing Preference of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) on Human Skin Among ABO Blood Groups, Secretors or Nonsecretors, and ABH Antigens / Journal of Medical Entomology, chto lyudi s pervoj polozhiteljnoj gruppoj krovi pochti vdvoe privlekateljnee dlya komarov, chem te, u kogo vtoraya. Tretjya i chetvyortaya na shkale komarinih prioritetov razmestilisj primerno poseredine mezhdu nimi. Zhivite teperj s etoj informaciej.Reshenie. Poskoljku smenitj gruppu krovi ne poluchitsya, ostayotsya toljko smiritjsya.6. Vi ne moete nogiIzobrazhenie: Huỳnh Tấn Hậu / Unsplash.comOdin eksperimentN. O. Verhulst. Composition of Human Skin Microbiota Affects Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes / PLoS One 2011 goda pokazal ustojchivuyu korrelyaciyu mezhdu kolichestvom bakterij, obitayuschih na kozhe, i interesom komarov k etomu mestu. Na lodizhkah i stupnyah u lyudej raspolagayutsya samie boljshie kolonii mikroorganizmov, poetomu krovososi s boljshim interesom posmatrivayut na vashi golie nogi.Reshenie. Mitj nogi. Ne visovivatj ih iz‑pod odeyala.7. Vi lyubite pivoIzobrazhenie: Gerrie van der Walt / Unsplash.comNekotorie eksperimenti pokazivayut, chto komari s boljshej ohotoj pjyut krovj netrezvih lyudej. Naprimer, v odnom issledovaniiO. Shirai. Alcohol ingestion stimulates mosquito attraction / Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association uchyonie Amerikanskoj associacii po borjbe s komarami zametili, chto ispituemie, potrebivshie 350 ml piva, stali znachiteljno siljnee privlekatj krovososov. Pohozhie rezuljtati prodemonstrirovalT. Lefèvre. Beer consumption increases human attractiveness to malaria mosquitoes / PLoS One drugoj eksperiment specialistov iz Burkina‑Faso.Vi mozhete resh*tj, chto komari prosto hotyat napitjsya vmeste s vami, no eto ne tak. V potreblyaemoj imi krovi nedostatochno etanola, chtobi okazatj skoljko‑nibudj zametnij effekt na samochuvstvie nasekomogo. Tem ne menee eti nasekomie chasche pjyut krovj netrezvih lyudej. Vidimo, oni znayut o pive chto‑to takoe, chego ne znaem mi.Reshenie. Brositj pitj, po krajnej mere — na svezhem vozduhe.

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