A Few Lines of History

14/01/2022

~Remembering Emmett Till~

07/11/2021

Remembering the life of Celia, an enslaved young woman from Callaway County, Missouri.

Read more about Celia’s tragic story in the link below:

https://medium.com/history-of-yesterday/the-slave-woman-who-killed-her-master-5de33f9d457f

08/07/2021

A Few Lines of History • The Pawnee

13/05/2021

Sitting Bull, a Hunkpapa Lakota chief and holy man. (1885)

In 1890, Sitting Bull was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him.

The authorities feared he was about to flee the reservation and join the Ghost Dance movement.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

14/03/2021

The Pawnee are a unique indigenous people.

Unlike rivaling nomadic nations, the Pawnee were sedentary people. Pawnee people would alternate throughout the year between farming crops and hunting bison.

Their ancestral lands are found in present-day Nebraska and Kansas. Historically, the Pawnee lived in earth lodges near the Loup, Republican, and South Platte rivers.

The Pawnee are a matrilineal people. Historically, ancestral descent was traced through the mother in Pawnee culture.

In the early 1700s, there were around 60,000 Pawnee people that lived on the Great Plains. By 1860, the Pawnee had been reduced to 4,000. In the 1870s, the remaining Pawnee were forced to move to Indian Territory by the U.S. Government.

25/02/2021

Harriet Tubman, born Araminta Ross, was welcomed into the world in March 1822 in Dorchester County, Maryland, to Harriet “Rit” Green and Ben Ross. Green and Ross were both enslaved.

In 1844, Tubman married a free Black man named John Tubman. She was around 22-years-old at the time of this union. Shortly after their marriage, Tubman would officially change her name from Araminta to Harriet.

In 1849, Tubman escaped from Maryland and reached Philadelphia. However, she wasn’t content with only achieving freedom for herself, with so many of her family members remaining enslaved.

She soon began helping more enslaved people and earned the nickname “Moses” for her work. She made approximately 13 missions, utilizing the network of the Underground Railroad to bring over 70 enslaved people to freedom in the North.

While Tubman is remembered for her work with the Underground Railroad network, she achieved even more as a member of the Union Army. Tubman became the first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war. Tubman was the one who guided the Raid on Combahee Ferry, a raid that liberated over 700 enslaved people.

After the Civil War ended in 1865, Tubman retired to a property she had purchased in Auburn, New York. She died on March 10, 1913. Tubman embodied courage and remains an icon of freedom today.

22/02/2021

New ebook 📚 available on Amazon!

⬆️Link in Bio⬆️

📚A Few Lines of History Series 📚

‼️Book Five ~ JFK: The Assassination of President Kennedy ‼️

About the Book 📖

- A 30-Minute History Short Read
- Read for FREE with Kindle Unlimited
- Learn more about the 4th U.S. Presidential Assassination

~learning history the simple way, in just a few lines a day~

07/02/2021

07/02/2021

State of Missouri v. Celia, a Slave
(An 1855 murder trial held in the Circuit Court of Callaway County, Missouri.)

Celia was a fourteen-year-old girl when Robert Newsom brought her back to his farm in 1850.

Newsom repeatedly r***d Celia from 1850 until 1855. Celia gave birth to three children during this time.

In June 1855, the nineteen-year-old woman had finally had enough. As Newsom tried to r**e Celia once again, she struck him with a large stick over the head.

After a lengthy trial, Celia was hanged for the murder of Robert Newsom on December 21, 1855.

Read more about Celia’s tragic story in the link below:

https://medium.com/history-of-yesterday/the-slave-woman-who-killed-her-master-5de33f9d457f

05/02/2021

New ebook 📚 available on Amazon!

⬆️Link in Bio⬆️

📚A Few Lines of History Series 📚

‼️Book Four ~ An Anarchist Strikes: The Assassination of President McKinley ‼️

About the Book 📖

- A 30-Minute History Short Read
- Read for FREE with Kindle Unlimited
- Learn more about the 3rd U.S. Presidential Assassination

⬇️ Synopsis of the Book ⬇️

After defeating William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election, William McKinley became the 25th President of the United States. President McKinley would go on to secure a second victory in the 1900 presidential election. It would be just six months into his second term that President McKinley would be shot in Buffalo, New York. After being shot, McKinley would die a week later from his wounds. With the death of President McKinley, the third presidential assassination in American history had been achieved. Read more about the McKinley assassination and the circumstances surrounding the event in An Anarchist Strikes: The Assassination of President McKinley.

~learning history the simple way, in just a few lines a day~

02/02/2021

The terms Great Britain and United Kingdom are often used interchangeably. However, the terms are not actually synonymous.

Great Britain simply refers to the countries of England, Scotland, and Wales.

In comparison, the United Kingdom refers to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

01/02/2021

New ebook 📚 available on Amazon!

⬆️Link in Bio⬆️

📚A Few Lines of History Series 📚

‼️Book Three ~ Garfield's Demise: The Assassination of President Garfield ‼️

About the Book 📖

- A 30-Minute History Short Read
- Read for FREE with Kindle Unlimited
- Learn more about the 2nd U.S. Presidential Assassination

⬇️ Synopsis of the Book ⬇️

James A. Garfield was sworn in as the 20th President of the United States after winning the 1880 presidential election. After serving just four-months of his term, President Garfield was shot in Washington D.C. in July 1881. After much agony, President Garfield would die from his wounds over two months later. With the death of President Garfield, the second presidential assassination in American history had been achieved. Read more about the Garfield assassination and the circumstances surrounding the event in Garfield's Demise: The Assassination of President Garfield.

~learning history the simple way, in just a few lines a day~

30/01/2021

New ebook 📚 available on Amazon!

⬆️Link in Bio⬆️

📚A Few Lines of History Series 📚

‼️Book Two ~ Honest Abe: The Assassination of President Lincoln‼️

About the Book 📖

- A 30-Minute History Short Read
- Read for FREE with Kindle Unlimited
- Learn more about the 1st U.S. Presidential Assassination

⬇️ Synopsis of the Book ⬇️

On April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, became the first president to be assassinated in American History. After four years of major bloodshed, Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy had officially surrendered on April 9, 1865. The Civil War was finally coming to an end. However, just six short days later, the nation would be faced with another struggle as the president would be assassinated by a Confederate sympathizer. Read more about the first American presidential assassination in Honest Abe: The Assassination of President Lincoln.

~learning history the simple way, in just a few lines a day~

29/01/2021

New ebook 📚 available on Amazon!

⬆️Link in Bio⬆️

📚A Few Lines of History Series📚

‼️Book One: Nebraska's First Photographer: Solomon Butcher ‼️

About the Book 📖

- A 30-Minute History Short Read
- Read for FREE with Kindle Unlimited
- Learn more about the homesteading lifestyle of the late 1800s
-Take a glimpse into the life of a 19th century photographer

⬇️ Synopsis of the Book ⬇️

Born just 30 years after the first photograph was ever captured, “Nebraska’s First Photographer” dedicated his life to documenting the history of white settlement in central Nebraska and the Great Plains region. Read all about the fascinating life of Solomon Butcher and his quest to document Custer County, Nebraska, with his camera.

~ learning history the simple way, in just a few lines a day~

28/01/2021

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese Empire bombed Pearl Harbor, a U.S. naval base in Honolulu, Hawaii. This attack led the U.S. to formally enter World War II on the side of the Allied Powers. After entering the war, the U.S. government also made the decision to incarcerate over 120,000 Japanese Americans in War Relocation Centers.

By the early spring of 1942, all person’s of Japanese ancestry had effectively been removed from the west coast and placed in War Relocation centers scattered throughout the inland United States. This included all Issei, Nisei, Sansei, and any individual with as little as 1/4 Japanese ancestry.

In total, there were ten War Relocation Centers or American Interment Camps created between 1942 and 1946. These ten Internment Camps were scattered across seven different states.

Many Japanese Americans were forced to evacuate quickly, causing many to lose their homes, belongings, money, and businesses along the west coast. Along with monetary loss, over 1,800 individuals died in the War Relocation Centers over the course of four years. Many of these deaths can be attributed to disease that spread from poor sanitary conditions throughout the camps.

23/01/2021

The Great War kicked off after the successful assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on June 28, 1914.

The Archduke was assassinated by a 19-year-old member of Young Bosnia, Gavrilo Princip.

Franz Ferdinand’s death ultimately led to Austria-Hungary’s allies and Serbia’s allies declaring war on each other.

With this declaration of war, World War I officially began on July 28, 1914.

Central Powers of World War I:
-Austria-Hungary
(Entered WWI: July 28, 1914)
-Germany
(Entered WWI: August 1, 1914)
-Ottoman Empire
(Entered WWI: August 2, 1914)
-Bulgaria
(Entered WWI: October 14, 1915)

Allied Powers of World War I:
-Russia
(Entered WWI: July 28, 1914 — Left WWI: October 1917)
-Britain
(Entered WWI: August 4, 1914)
-France
(Entered WWI: August 11, 1914)
-Japan
(Entered WWI: August 23, 1914)
-Italy
(Entered WWI: May 23, 1915)
-United States
(Entered WWI: April 6, 1917)

20/01/2021

Vice-president Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901, following the assassination of the 25th U.S. President William McKinley.

President McKinley was the third president to be assassinated in U.S. history.

Teddy Roosevelt was 42 years and 322 days old when he assumed office, becoming the youngest president in U.S. history.

12/01/2021

Ella Baker was an iconic leader of the Civil Rights Movement who focused on a grassroots approach.

She earned the nickname “Mother of the Civil Rights Movement” for her tireless activism for African Americans, women, and the poor.

Baker worked largely behind the scenes as an organizer. While not always seen at the forefront of the movement by the public, Baker’s presence was always felt.

07/01/2021

A portrait of James Wilson, a Founding Father, the creator of the American Electoral College system, and Supreme Court Justice.

Wilson had originally proposed the creation of the executive branch to be filled by a “single magistrate.” However, many of the delegates were not keen on the idea of a “single magistrate,” as they had just broken away from England.

The delegates were worried that a monarchy would simply emerge in America too.

Wilson assured delegates that a monarchy would not form in America if this individual was directly voted on by citizens in a democratic vote. However, delegates found problems with this concept too.

Luckily, Wilson had another suggestion. If the delegates didn’t like his idea of a direct vote for the executive leader of the country, how about creating a system where a select few electors would get to choose the president of the country?

Now, this was a system that most of the delegates could get behind.

03/01/2021

Photo: Perry Family in Anselmo, Custer County, Nebraska. (1889)

Photographer: Solomon Butcher

Born just 30 years after the first photograph was ever captured, “Nebraska’s First Photographer” dedicated his life to documenting the history of settlement in central Nebraska and the Great Plains region.

Unfortunately for Solomon Butcher’s psyche, his work did not receive the recognition that it deserved until long after his passing.

The over 3,000 photographs that he captured of Nebraska homesteaders between 1886 and 1912 received little notice outside of Nebraska during his lifetime.

Butcher only came to receive recognition for his work when historians began to study and write about the settlement of the Plains decades into the future.

29/12/2020

The modern Democratic Party is the oldest existing political party in the United States. However, the liberal-leaning big government supporting political party we know today evolved from a very different origin.

The presidential election controversy of 1824 served as the catalyst for the creation of the Democratic Party. After Andrew Jackson lost the election of 1824, despite winning the popular vote, he broke away from his political affiliation with the Democratic-Republicans and started his own party with Martin Van Buren. Jackson and Van Buren called their new party the Democratic Party.

Jackson would run as a Democrat in the 1828 election and would win his election bid. The early Democrats ran on the platform of small government, with power being held in the states.

The early Democratic party pushed the conservative values of the era and would continue to be a right-leaning political party until the late 1890s.

21/12/2020

The Great Famine or Irish Potato Famine, as it is often referred to outside of Ireland, transpired between 1845 and 1849. The famine emerged when Ireland’s staple crop, the potato, was infected by fungus-like organisms known as Phytophthora infestans. These fungus-like organisms are also commonly referred to as potato blight.

By 1950, the Great Famine resulted in the death of one million Irish. The devastation also led nearly two million to emigrate out of the country. The mass death and emigration rates caused Ireland’s population to fall by 20–25 percent. Today, over 150 years after the famine, Ireland’s population still has not reached its pre-famine level. The current population of Ireland is just under 5 million. In 1840s Ireland, the population was around 8 million.

Ultimately, the famine was made worse by the government’s handling of the crisis. From 1801 to 1923, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. Therefore, during the Great Famine, Ireland was under British rule.

The British government did little to help starving farmers and still demanded that Ireland continue to export large quantities of their viable crops. Most of these crops, consisting of peas, beans, rabbits, fish, and honey, were exported to Great Britain.

The British government’s handling of the Great Famine led a little over a million poor Irish to die from starvation or disease. In 1997, British Prime Minister Tony Blair issued a formal apology to Ireland for the U.K. government’s handling of the Great Famine.

19/12/2020

The Federalist Party was founded in 1791. It was the first political coalition ever formed in the United States. The party was notably led by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and John Adams.

The Federalist ideology was centered around classical conservatism. Federalist supporters favored banks, a national government opposed to a state government, and wished to keep a friendly relationship with Great Britain.

18/12/2020

The first large scale demonstration opposing segregation was the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

The boycott began on December 5, 1955, and lasted until December 20, 1956.

During this civil rights protest, African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to use the city bus system.

On December 1, 1955, the 42-year-old Rosa Parks climbed onto the Cleveland Avenue bus in downtown Montgomery after a long day’s work. Halfway through the route, Parks and three other black passengers were told to give up their seats so more white passengers could sit. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and was arrested.

Four days after the arrest, members of the Women’s Political Council (WPC) came together to begin the Montgomery bus boycott.

After a year-long struggle, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Browder v. Gayle that the city of Montgomery had to desegregate public transportation.

16/12/2020

In the 1972 U.S. presidential election, the sitting president, Richard Nixon, ran for a second term. Nixon and his running mate, Spiro Agnew, proved to be victorious during their second election cycle, securing 520 electoral votes. However, everything about their administration would quickly go downhill.

On October 10, 1973, Vice President Agnew resigned from office following the Watergate scandal. Following Agnew’s resignation, President Nixon selected the House Republican leader, Gerald Ford, as his Vice President. Around ten months after Agnew resigned from office, President Nixon followed suit.

This action made Nixon the first and only president thus far in U.S. history to resign from the presidential office. With Nixon’s formal resignation, Vice President Ford was sworn in as the 38th President of the United States on August 9, 1974. Through this series of events, President Ford became the first and only individual in U.S. history to serve as both President and Vice President without being elected to either office.

15/12/2020

World War II officially began on September 1, 1939. The war kicked off when Germany invaded Poland.

With this action, Britain and France officially declared war on Germany. However, many nations would later become involved in the conflict.

Two political alliances emerged during the war, the Allied and the Axis powers.

The Allied powers were led by Winston Churchill, the U.K. Prime Minister; Joseph Stalin, the premier of the Soviet Union; and Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. President.

The leaders of Axis forces were Adolf Hi**er, the chancellor of N**i Germany; Benito Mussolini, the prime minister of Italy; and Hideki Tojo, the prime minister of Japan.

The Axis forces were eventually defeated by the Allied powers, with World War II officially coming to an end on September 2, 1945.

13/12/2020

In 1968, Shirley Chisholm broke both gender and color barriers as she was elected to represent New York’s 12th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Four years after obtaining a seat in Congress, Chisholm threw her hat into the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination bid.

With this, Chisholm became both the first woman to run for the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination and became the first African-American to run as a presidential candidate for a major political party in the United States.

12/12/2020

The fourth successful presidential assassination in U.S. History was carried out on November 22, 1963.

On this day, President John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was shot as he waved to a parade crowd in an open-top convertible in Dallas, Texas.

11/12/2020

Members of the Mochida Family awaiting evacuation after the issuance of Executive Order 9066.

On February 19, 1942, FDR issued Executive Order 9066. This order resulted in over 120,000 individuals of Japanese descent being forcefully relocated from the west coast to relocation centers or internment facilities in the inland United States.

In total, ten internment camps were utilized between 1942 and 1946 to house Japanese immigrants and their descendants.

The Japanese were given little notice before being relocated. They either lost the majority of their belongings, businesses, and homes or had to sell them at incredibly low prices before they were forced to relocate.

The internment of Japanese Americans lasted for four years, beginning in February 1942, and not ending until March 20, 1946.

The U.S. government did not issue a formal apology to Japanese Americans for this injustice until the issuance of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.

10/12/2020

A 1917 photo of suffragists parading down Fifth Avenue in New York City.

After a hard fought battle, voting rights were finally extended to women in the United States on August 18, 1920, with the passage of the 19th Amendment.

09/12/2020

William Howard Taft served as the 27th United States President. President Taft served one term, between 1909 and 1913. During his time at the White House, rumors circulated that Taft once got stuck in a bathtub because of his large stature.

08/12/2020

On March 7, 1965, a group of over 600 peaceful protesters across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama.

The Selma to Montgomery marches consisted of three protest marches along the 54-mile highway from Selma, Alabama, to the state’s capital of Montgomery.

The goal of this peaceful protest was to demonstrate dissatisfaction with the repressive segregation tactics that were still being upheld in Alabama and throughout the South.

The first of the three marches took place on March 7, 1965. On this day, unarmed protestors were attacked with clubs and tear gas by Alabama law enforcement as they began their march from Selma.

The Alabama Governor George Wallace had ordered state troopers “to use whatever measures are necessary to prevent a march.”

The violence implemented by law enforcement toward peaceful protestors was caught on footage, shocking the nation.

25/11/2020

The Federalist Party was founded in 1791. It was the first political coalition ever formed in the United States. The party was notably led by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and John Adams.

The Federalist ideology was centered around classical conservatism. Federalist supporters favored banks, a national government opposed to a state government, and wished to keep a friendly relationship with Great Britain.

24/11/2020

The modern Republican Party was founded on March 20, 1854. The Republican Party was formed by a coalition of mostly Whigs, along with some Free-Soilers and Democrats, who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act sought to extend slavery into Western territories, a concept that the newly formed Republican party opposed.

Abraham Lincoln and his good friend Amos Tuck, a representative from New Hampshire, were the leaders of the newly formed Republican Party.

Abraham Lincoln ran for president on the Republican ticket during the 1860 election. Lincoln secured a victory in this election, becoming the 16th U.S. President and the first Republican President in U.S. History.

During his presidency, Lincoln was able to abolish legal slavery following the Civil War and the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation.

The Lincoln administration also brought the nation economic reform by means of big government. Under Lincoln, the first personal income tax, the first national banking system, and the Department of Agriculture were introduced. The Lincoln administration also brought the nation the Pacific Railroad Act, which allowed for a federally funded intercontinental railroad, and the Morrill Act, which allowed for federally-funded higher education or land grant universities.

22/11/2020

In 1942, Yuri Kochiyama and her family were sent to the Japanese Internment Camp in Jerome, Arkansas.

While in Arkansas, Yuri began to see first hand the similarities between the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II and the treatment of black individuals in the Jim Crow South. This experience led Yuri to devote the rest of her life to fight against racial injustice in the United States.

Yuri became a leader during the Civil Rights Movement and worked alongside Malcolm X. Following Malcolm’s assassination, Yuri continued to actively fight for all individuals to be given basic human rights in the United States. She became increasingly involved in black liberation struggles, the anti-war movement, and the Asian-American movement.

20/11/2020

In the 1972 U.S. presidential election, the sitting president, Richard Nixon, ran for a second term. Nixon and his running mate, Spiro Agnew, proved to be victorious during their second election cycle, securing 520 electoral votes. However, everything about their administration would quickly go downhill.

On October 10, 1973, Vice President Agnew resigned from office following the Watergate scandal. Following Agnew’s resignation, President Nixon selected the House Republican leader, Gerald Ford, as his Vice President. Around ten months after Agnew resigned from office, President Nixon followed suit.

This action made Nixon the first and only president thus far in U.S. history to resign from the presidential office. With Nixon’s formal resignation, Vice President Ford was sworn in as the 38th President of the United States on August 9, 1974. Through this series of events, President Ford became the first and only individual in U.S. history to serve as both President and Vice President without being elected to either office.

19/11/2020

https://medium.com/a-few-lines-of-history/the-murder-of-emmett-till-72fd07507198?source=friends_link&sk=f4f947c2607e64931b7d8032da519acc

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