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01/03/2023

Dumbo Octopus: The deepest known living octopus
The dumbo octopus, also known as grimpotheuthis, is a genus of pelagic umbrella octopuses. The name originates from the creature’s resemblance to the character Dumbo from the 1941 Disney film of the same name. The Dumbo octopus was first discovered around 1883, but the first specimen was not seen until the 1990s after the first deep-sea submersible vessels were invented.
The dumbo octopus is small compared to other octopods, averaging between 20 and 30 centimeters. The octopus's gelatinous body allows it to exist at the highly pressured depths it prefers. Dumbo octopuses live at extreme depths in oceans around the world—up to 13,000 feet below the surface. Extreme pressure keeps its body together, and if brought to the surface, its body would not be able to work correctly.
They feed on snails, worms, and other creatures they hoover up from the ocean floor.
They propel themselves through the water by flapping their strong fins, not by expelling water forcefully from their siphons—a process called jet propulsion—as other octopuses do.

01/03/2023

Blacktip Reef Shark
One of the unique characteristics of blacktip reef sharks is their camaraderie and the way they swim in schools.
Blacktip reef sharks are named for the characteristic black tips or margins on their fins. They have a short, round snout and angled saw-like teeth. Their coloring provides camouflage from above or below; a dark back helps them blend in with the dim seafloor and a white belly blends in with the brighter ocean surface. Blacktip reef sharks swim in shallow waters just a few meters deep near reefs and drop-off zones. They have also occasionally been sighted in brackish water. These sharks are often found in small groups or aggregations.
Blacktip reef sharks are commonly found along the coastlines of Pacific regions, such as Thailand, Japan, the Philippines, New Caledonia, and northern Australia. They are also found in the Indian Ocean from South Africa to the Red Sea.
They primarily feed on reef fish but sometimes eat crustaceans, cephalopods, and mollusks. These sharks can grow up to 6 feet long. They are not currently endangered, but the species is experiencing population loss due to overfishing. Blacktip reef sharks are often caught by commercial fisheries for their meat, liver oil, and fins.

28/02/2023

The humphead wrasse is an endangered species that is also sometimes known as the Napoleon fish or the Māori wrasse.
The fish is the largest member of the Labridae family, with males reaching around two meters in length and weighing up to 180 kilograms or almost 400 pounds.
They are easily identifiable by their thick lips and the prominent bump on their foreheads. The coloring of adult humphead wrasses can range from dull blue-green to brilliant shades of green or purplish-blue. Juveniles are white with dark scale bars and prominent black lines near their eyes.
Their coloring isn’t the only major change humphead wrasses undergo as they age. Like all wrasses, humphead wrasses can change s*x; some individuals that start their lives as females may later transition to male. The factors that influence this amazing transformation are still being studied.
The humphead wrasse feeds on mollusks, reef fish, sea urchins, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. They can even eat toxic sea hares, boxfish, and sea stars.
They are threatened by destructive fishing practices, habitat loss, fishing for food, reef fish trade, and more.

28/02/2023

Sailfish: The fastest fish to swim the seas, sprints at an incredible speed of 110 kph.
They get their name from their huge dorsal fin that looks like a sail. This fin helps them to cut through the water as they move. Scientists estimate that these fishes can leap at 68 miles per hour out of the water which is as fast as a cheetah! Sailfishes are feisty and can fight vigorously if they are hooked. They can grow up to 10 feet long as well. They are found in the Atlantic and Indo-pacific oceans in warm temperatures.
Sailfishes don’t live in coral reefs, coastal areas, or closed-off spaces. Instead, they live in the open ocean. They are found from the surface of the ocean till deep as light can reach, meaning they can be found on both surfaces and at the ocean’s depths.
They live in warm tropical water and therefore are migratory. They move away from the equator in the summer and back towards tropical regions in the winter.
Sailfishes are carnivores and prey on small fishes, octopuses, and squid. Some of its prey include anchovy, herring, mackerel, and more. Its predatory hunting style is unlike a typical predator. For catching food, sailfishes swim into a school of fish and use their long bill to 𝘱𝘪𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘦 and 𝘬𝘪𝘭𝘭 their prey, which it consumes soon after.
Female sailfishes use the dorsal fins to attract a male. Once she releases the eggs, the males then fertilize them outside of the body. A single female can lay up to a million eggs that hatch after two to three days.
Some sources indicate that sailfish are capable of changing colors according to their mood or for confusing their prey.

28/02/2023

Blobfish: Why the ‘World’s Ugliest Animal’ Isn’t as Ugly as You Think It Is
The blobfish is a pretty incredible and miserable-looking ocean animal. When in their natural habitat, they have an appearance akin to a sack of skin or glob of melting fat. This is mainly because of the crushing effect of the water pressure. They have been voted the World’s Ugliest Animal.
These weird-looking creatures live in very deep waters—as deep as 3,000–9,200 feet—in both the Bering Sea and the North Pacific coast. The blobfish is naturally reclusive and hard to spot.
They feed on small invertebrates as they float across the bottom of the ocean floor and can grow up to 2 feet long.
They have small eyes, a small body, and a large mouth. They are primarily composed of gelatinous flesh with no muscle. But it'd be 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘥 without this particular makeup down at depth.
Unlike most other fish, the ones that live in these depths don’t have gas-filled cavities like swim bladders that would collapse under extreme pressure. Super-deep water fish often have minimal skeletons and jelly-like flesh, because the only way to combat the extreme pressure of deep water is to have water as your structural support.
Because they live at such incredible depths, these fascinating fish are hard to study in their natural environment. Much of what scientists have learned about them comes from 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘥 blobfish pulled up to the surface—hence why their above-water form is more widely recognized.

27/02/2023

The viper dogfish or viper shark is a rare species of deep-sea shark in the family Etmopteridae and the only known member of its genus.
It’s believed that the viper dogfish originated more than 40 million years ago in the Middle Eocene.
The viper dogfish is a strange-looking shark with a flattened head and a slender, cylindrical body. Small, rounded snouts are characteristic of these animals: long, narrowly triangular jaws, unique-looking round eyes, and spike-like spiracles. They have a distinctive tooth structure with teeth spaced fairly far away from one another and all of which look like fangs. The upper and lower symphyses each have 6-10 upper teeth and 7-10 lower teeth. Their gills are divided into five pairs, one set of which is bigger than the other four.
Viper dogfish have relatively small fins. This includes their rounded pectoral fins and two dorsal fins. The first and second dorsal spines have grooved features that make them stand out. A design that makes it a unique sea dweller. Its skin, excluding its fins, is densely covered with seemingly randomly shaped and placed denticles.
The longest male specimen grew to 19 inches and the longest female was a few inches long, ranking in at 21 inches in length. These two specimens were also 0.95 lbs and 1.7 lbs respectively.
The viper dogfish is a carnivorous hunter with a taste for crustacean-like creatures. But unlike many other sharks, its diet focuses on smaller prey such as bony fishes and lanternfish. This species is marvelously adapted to its harsh environment. The creature uses its unique jaw and teeth to reach out and grasp rather than cut, unlike other types of dogfish sharks. They extend their jaws to swallow their prey. Due to the shape of their jaw and method of eating, they can consume prey that’s nearly as large as they are but incapable of biting.

27/02/2023

The leafy sea dragon is an incredibly endangered species that resembles seaweed and sea leaves.
The leafy sea dragon is part of the family Syngnathidae, which includes other species such as the pipefish and seahorses. Its scientific name is Phycodurus eques. One of the more interesting creatures in the ocean, the leafy sea dragon resembles the many leaves on the coral reefs and sea floor, alongside its dragon-like appearance. The leafy sea dragon has been known to live in the wild for up to nine years.
The leafy sea dragon has developed an impressive camouflage strategy, resembling seaweed to escape predators’ attention. At about 20–24 cm (8–9.5 in) in length, it is larger than its relative, the Seahorse. The way its skin grows creates an effect that is similar to a leaf floating through the water. The sea dragon also can change its color, helping it adapt to its surroundings and protecting it from predators. The sea dragon utilizes a system of fins along the side of its head to help with direction. However, its rigid outer skin limits its mobility.
The leafy sea dragon feeds mainly on plankton and small crustaceans, like the mysid shrimp. They use their long noses to hunt for these small prey. Other species they eat include larval fish and amphipods.
The leafy sea dragon mostly inhabits the regions of South Australia and Western Australia. They live in the coastal waters of Australia and are sometimes seen in Tasmania. Rocky reefs tend to be their most optimal habitat.
The reproductive roles see the male leafy sea dragons take charge of looking after the eggs. The female leafy sea dragon produces bright-pink eggs, which are in numbers close to 250. After the males receive the eggs, the eggs find a brood patch or sand patch, and this area gives them the oxygen they need to grow. As mostly solitary creatures, the male sea dragons court the female sea dragons and pair up with them purely to breed. For the rest of their lives, they live alone. From the ages of two years and onwards they are prime to reproduce.

27/02/2023

Lionfish: venom on their spines that causes incredible pain.
The lionfish is a beautiful venomous marine fish that’s also sometimes called a zebrafish or firefish. They are colorful, usually sporting red, white, and black bands. They have distinctive spiky fins that radiate out around their bodies.
Lionfish have distinctive brown or maroon, and white stripes or bands covering the head and body. They have fleshy tentacles above their eyes and below the mouth; fan-like pectoral fins; long, separated dorsal spines; 13 dorsal spines; 10-11 dorsal soft rays; 3 a**l spines; and 6-7 a**l soft rays. An adult lionfish can grow as large as 18 inches, while juveniles may be as small as 1 inch or less. Lionfish have cycloid scales (fish scales that are oval or elliptical with a smooth edge).
Lionfish are great predators and are often a hazard to divers and fishermen. If stung, a human being will experience everything from extreme pain to vomiting, nausea, and difficulty breathing. One might also experience diarrhea, heartburn, headache, and numbness. Their venom is rarely 𝘧𝘢𝘵𝘢𝘭, but there have been examples of extreme allergic reactions resulting in hospitalization and 𝘥𝘦𝘢𝘵𝘩.

26/02/2023

Stingray
The stingray can 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑙 people with their poisonous barb
Generally, stingrays aren’t dangerous, but they can be 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑙𝑦 if a swimmer is 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔. They burrow under the sand of shallow waters and, if stepped on, may 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔. Stingrays are common in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. There are a variety of species, around 220. In recent years, they’ve become more engaged and are usually listed as such by the IUCN.
Contrary to its reputation, the stingray is a shy and even gentle creature that would rather swim away than strike. It reserves its stinger for its predators – sharks and other large carnivorous fish. It attacks people only when it feels directly threatened, often when it's unintentionally stepped on.
Stingrays are flat and can vary in size from several inches to 6.5 ft. in length and weigh up to 800 lbs. Their wing-like fins create ripples in the water as they swim. Interestingly, a stingray cannot see its prey because its eyes are on the upper side of its body, while its mouth and nostrils are on the underside.
The dangerous part of a stingray is its infamous tail. The spinal blade is also known as the stinger or barb. This stinger is covered with rows of sharp spines made of cartilage and is strong enough to pierce through the skin of an attacker. Not only does the puncture itself cause injury and pain, but the stinger also releases a complex venom, which leads to intense pain at the puncture site. Uncommon effects of venom include headaches, nausea and vomiting, fainting, low blood pressure, arrhythmias of the heart, and even seizures.

26/02/2023

Sea Anemone - Tentacles with 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐬, that can reach up to 6 feet in diameter
The sea anemone is a predatory animal. They are named after the terrestrial flowering plant of the same name due to their appearance. Anemones come in many different shapes and colors. Most species comprise a polyp attached to a hard surface through a base, but some live in soft sandy areas of the ocean floor, and a few float near the surface of the water. A close relative of coral and jellyfish, anemones are stinging polyps that spend most of their time attached to rocks on the sea bottom or coral reefs waiting for fish to pass close enough to get ensnared in their venom-filled tentacles.
Their bodies are composed of an adhesive pedal disc, or foot, a cylindrical body, and an array of tentacles surrounding a central mouth. The tentacles are triggered by the slightest touch, firing a harpoon-like filament into their victim and injecting a paralyzing neurotoxin. The helpless prey is then guided into the mouth by the tentacles.
Some anemones, like their coral cousins, establish symbiotic relationships with green algae. In exchange for providing the algae safe harbor and exposure to sunlight, the anemone receives oxygen and sugar, the bi-products of the algae's photosynthesis.
They form another, more famous symbiotic alliance with clownfish, which are protected by a mucus layer that makes them immune to the anemone's sting. Clownfish live within the anemone’s tentacles, getting protection from predators, and the anemone snacks on the scraps from the clownfish’s meals.

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