21/01/2024
A piece of my mind:
The inspiration for this book was the need to enlighten young social scientists about the realities of communism in all its varieties, principally in the former Soviet Union and China, past and present, and so-to-speak, correct the record for historians, sociologists, and political scientists. And so, this book discusses the barbarity of communism in the 20th century and how it has changed the face of this world for the worse, and the repercussions are felt in the 21st century. In communism, the state, incarnated in one political party, owns all means of production, distribution, and even consumption, ostensibly under an egalitarian and “on need” basis. In practice, communist party officials, as political elites, are “more equal than others,” and reserve to themselves their “fair share” at the expense of the masses.
Moreover, communism comes about by the “class struggle” and imposition by force and violent revolution, for the establishment of the “dictatorship of the proletariat.” This may seem basic information, but it has been lost in the present generation of the public at large as well as young researchers in the social sciences, who see communism akin to socialism for the establishment of equality and “for the betterment of humanity,” as opposed to the “rugged individualism” and “cold-hearted capitalism” of the free enterprise system, which are allegedly concepts that have no moral concerns for our fellow citizens. History, as now revealed in this book, especially lesser-known historical accounts from sources that have not been given the attention they deserve to shed light in those dark corners of communist history in the Soviet Russia and China. Unfortunately, the repercussions have been felt through decades of epochal events up to the present age.
To paraphrase Mao Tse-tung, communism is the attainment of political power by the barrel of a gun and complete control of all services and the methods of production, distribution, and consumption of goods by the omnipotent state. There are minimal or no private property rights. The repressive machinery of the secret police and the military maintain the social, economic, and political power structure in the nation.
Stalin intensified the process that began with Vladimir Lenin, and he not only exterminated the purported “enemies of the people” but also wiped out almost the entire ranks of Lenin’s old Bolshevik comrades, including Lev Kamenev, Gregory Zinoviev, Nikolai Bukharin, Karl Radek, Antonov-Ovseyenko (leader of the Bolshevik Military Organization that stormed the Winter Palace during the 1917 October Revolution), Gleb I. Boky, Y.A. Ganetsky (Polish communist who was Lenin’s liaison with the Germans during World War I and the sealed train affair), and Leon Trotsky, et cetera. No one killed more communists than the communist-in-chief himself, Joseph Stalin. This extermination of purported enemies, ant the accompanied terror is described in this book, through World War II in the Eastern Front and beyond.
The horrors of Soviet communism and the inception of the Gulag intensified to a fevered pitch under Joseph Stalin. That is why Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s The Gulag Archipelago is subtitled 1918-1956. Those years include the Lenin, Stalin, and early years of the collective Soviet leadership, ostensibly led by Georgy Malenkov.
Soviet repression moderated under Nikita Khrushchev. But even Khrushchev crushed the Hungarian Revolution in 1956, the same year he denounced Stalin at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He also ordered the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war in the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Leonid Brezhnev, who engaged United States President Richard Nixon and the West in détente, ordered the crushing of the Prague Spring in 1968 and the fatal invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Thus, Soviet repression did not end, in fact, until the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the disintegration of the USSR and its satellites (1989-1991). Nevertheless, authoritarianism seems to be an inherent part of the Russian character and persists to this day under Russian “democracy” and Vladimir Putin.
Chinese communism that began with Mao is slightly of a different variety, but it was still gruesome, sanguinary, and brutal, and it only moderated to different intensities by Mao’s successors, who still idolize him, despite the death of 40 to 60 million of Chinese and other nationalities left in the wake of his dictatorship. These horrendous moments and their aftermath are described in this book. --- Dr. Miguel Faria, Cambridge Scholars Publishing.