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17/10/2020
Barays are large water storage tanks. Own to the Khmer Empire
First built during the reign of Khmer King Yasodharapura, the Barays were massive reservoirs designed to provide food and clean water to the surrounding population. The first Baray, known as Baray Oriental, was built in the late IXth century. The above ground dam was based on a series of huge dirt walls to capture rainwater falling into the reservoirs capable of holding over 60 million cubic metres of liquid.
A second Baray, Western Baray, was built during the reign of Suryavarman I. Western Baray was similar to the first, even though it was a little bigger, to cope with the increase in the Khmer population. This new Baray would become a priceless source of livelihood as the kingdom of Khmer reached new heights during the reign of Suryavarman II.
JAYATAKA TANK (OR NORTH BARAY)
It was built in the XII century (in 1181) by King Jayavaraman VII. It started drying up in the th century. This is the great achievement of water engineering in the th century Khmer Empire. Baray North is filled with water through a network of dams and canals. This system works from northwest Baray North dam and turns four times 90 degrees before heading directly north to the foot of the Kulen chain. Since dams and canals (60 m width) have not worked for about 500 years, they are now used by local people as rice fields and many villagers have built their homes in this collection system Water from Baray North. This feeding system is very complicated to understand. The th century
research in 2004-2005 showed the population that channels
9 and dams were not (as they thought) roads. This Baray wasn't used for irrigation like other Barays in the area, but it was used to supply the cities of Angkor Thom and Preah Khan as well as the water-operated Neak Pean hospital. Jayatataka has dimensions 3 m by 930 m with a storage capacity of 5 millions m3 for the first phase. For the second phase, it can reach 10 million m3, if the dams are reinforced.
NEAK PEAN is a temple on the island (376 m by 320 m) of Baray North like the Mebon, a temple in the middle of Western or Eastern Baray, used to monitor water level. But he also has a hospital function identified by an abundance of medicinal plants. The temple has five basins (four, around the central basin, represent earth, wind, fire, water)
who recently been dry all year except the central pelvis, which has water for just a few months during the rainy season. However, since Baray North was filled, these five ponds are filled with water again and remain full all year. Water from North Baray seeps into the large central basin, then when the water reaches the level of the spillway located in the small chapel between the central basin and the small basins, it begins to overflow and fills the small basins. This water movement in all five basins linked to Baray North offers one of the best illustrations of the hydraulic system in Angkor, showing the ancient Khmers have been able to use infiltration and exfiltration techniques (underground flow) for
recharge water table, moat and ponds. This process is done
allows water to become clear and clean. Thus it could be used with medicinal plants and used to cure diseases.
PREAH KHAN This is one of the main temples built by King Jayavarman VII in the late th century. It has exterior moat. As with the Srah Srang pelvis, the moat of Preah Khan did not have a filling channel system. Lately they were holding back the water for only a small part of the year. Since Baray North was filled with water, these moats are also filled all year round. This shows the link between North Baray and Preah Khan through groundwater.
Western Baray was built by King Suryavarman I in the th century. It measures 8 km by 2,2 km, with a potential of 3 storage of over 56 million m2. This Baray's lead role
was to recharge the water table and ensure irrigation through the canals in the southwest. In 1957, to fill this Baray we dug a canal and weirs to bring water from the Siem Reap River into the northeast corner of Angkor Thom.
This canal that passes inside the Angkor Thom Wolf for 4,5 km (north then northwest of the Douve) is connected to a parallel canal to the Takave Gate access road (west door ) from Angkor Thom
All these channels have caused some moat to be out of water as well as part of eastern Western Baray. This explains why some researchers may have believed that leaving the eastern part is a consequence of sedimentation.
In 2010, the Department of Water Management discovered the original system for Western Baray feeding with an ancient pond called ′′ Tropeang Khchorng ′′ (sedimentation basin located at the north-east corner of Baray) and a former north-south orientation canal from northwest angle of moat angkor Thom. In 2011, the original Western Baray entrance canal was reopened, allowing for the protection of the villages. In 2012, the feeding system was rehabilitated to fill Western Baray in a short time with an initial capacity of
56 million m2. Today, Western Baray is connected to
a wider flood management system.
The Barays were opened and served the Khmer Empire in a way to deal with the various rainfall or drought variations that the Khmer people were experiencing. water served for the legitimacy of different Angkorian kings and was therefore linked to politics, religion, and for blessing. We think barays would have been designed to welcome the Nagā of spiritual worlds, also to bless the local population during religious ceremonies, Praveen Mohan gave a good analysis by seeing that view from sky of Angkor Watt temple as well as these ponds of water represented the shape of a lingam.
The Blessing comes when rainwater drop on the Lingam for spread through ponds to bless the population during harvest and medicine
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