Virgo Virgin Talk

23/08/2024

The word "Africa" is thought to have emerged in the late 17th century, and became the name for the entire continent by the end of that century, replacing other names like Guinea, Libya, and Aethiopia. However, the exact origins of the word are still uncertain, and there are many theories about how it came to be

What was Africa called before Africa? The Kemetic or Alkebulan history of Afrika suggests that the ancient name of the continent was Alkebulan. The word Alkebu-Ian is the oldest and the only word of indigenous origin. Alkebulan means the garden of Eden or the mother of mankind.

Cush was mentioned several times in terms of geographical location and as persons' names in the book of Jeremiah. Although debates still exist among scholars as to whether Cush, as a geographical location, refers to Africa or Mesopotamia, I am of the opinion that where Cush is used in the entire Old Testament, it refers to nowhere but Africa and persons of African ancestry

All historians agree that it was the Roman use of the term 'Africa' for parts of Tunisia and Northern Algeria which ultimately, almost 2000 years later, gave the continent its name. There is, however, no consensus amongst scholars as to why the Romans decided to call these provinces 'Africa'.

The African continent essentially consists of five ancient Precambrian cratons—Kaapvaal, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Congo, and West African—that were formed between about 3.6 and 2 billion years ago and that basically have been tectonically stable since that time; those cratons are bounded by younger fold belts formed between

The Scramble for Africa was a period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when European countries colonized most of Africa. The term refers to the process of annexation, invasion, and occupation of African territory by European powers, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The Scramble was driven by the Second Industrial Revolution and the era of "New Imperialism" (1833–1914). European countries sought economic and strategic gains, and by 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia were not controlled by a European power.

None of ya are from Africa ctfu
They just giving you THEIR borders on them DNA tests.... borders from the 19th century is wild, when ya looking for history older than the 1700s

Find your tribe

23/08/2024

The FDIC—short for the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation—is an independent agency of the United States government. The FDIC protects depositors of insured banks located in the United States against the loss of their deposits, if an insured bank fails.

Any person or entity can have FDIC insurance coverage in an insured bank. A person does not have to be a U.S. citizen or resident to have his or her deposits insured by the FDIC.

FDIC insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. Since the FDIC began operations in 1934, no depositor has ever lost a penny of FDIC-insured deposits.

The FDIC Insures:
Checking Accounts
Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) Accounts
Savings Accounts
Money Market Deposit Accounts (MMDAs)
Time Deposits, such as certificates of deposit (CDs)
Cashier's Checks, Money Orders, and other official items issued by a bank

The FDIC Does Not Insure:
Stock Investments
Bond Investments
Mutual Funds
Crypto Assets
Life Insurance Policies
Annuities
Municipal Securities
Safe Deposit Boxes or their contents
U.S. Treasury Bills, Bonds, or Notes*
*These investments are not insured by the FDIC, but they are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

The standard maximum deposit insurance amount is $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category.

The FDIC insures deposits that a person holds in one insured bank separately from any deposits that the person owns in another separately chartered insured bank. For example, if a person has a certificate of deposit at Bank A and has a certificate of deposit at Bank B, the accounts would each be insured separately up to $250,000. Funds deposited in separate branches of the same insured bank are not separately insured.

23/08/2024

Debits and credits in double-entry bookkeeping are entries made in account ledgers to record changes in value resulting from business transactions. A debit entry in an account represents a transfer of value to that account, and a credit entry represents a transfer from the account Each transaction transfers value from credited accounts to debited accounts. For example, a tenant who writes a rent cheque to a landlord would enter a credit for the bank account on which the cheque is drawn, and a debit in a rent expense account. Similarly, the landlord would enter a credit in the rent income account associated with the tenant and a debit for the bank account where the cheque is deposited.

Debits and credits are traditionally distinguished by writing the transfer amounts in separate columns of an account book. This practice simplified the manual calculation of net balances before the introduction of computers; each column was added separately, and then the smaller total was subtracted from the larger. Alternatively, debits and credits can be listed in one column, indicating debits with the suffix "Dr" or writing them plain, and indicating credits with the suffix "Cr" or a minus sign. Debits and credits do not, however, correspond in a fixed way to positive and negative numbers. Instead the correspondence depends on the normal balance convention of the particular account.

Creditors are individuals or entities that have lent money to another individual or entity. They typically charge interest and the money is owed back to them. For example, a bank lending money to a person to purchase a house is a creditor. A creditor or lender is a party that has a claim on the services of a second party. It is a person or institution to whom money is owed. The first party, in general, has provided some property or service to the second party under the assumption that the second party will return an equivalent property and service.

An equitable title holder has a beneficial interest in real property, which gives them the right to use and enjoy the property's benefits, even if they don't have legal ownership. This can include the right to receive income from the property, such as rental income or dividends, or to benefit from its appreciation in value. Equitable title holders can also acquire legal title to the property in some cases.

In a trust, the trustee is the legal owner of the property, but the beneficiaries have equitable title. This means that the beneficiaries can enjoy the property's benefits and income, but they don't have legal control over it. For example, they might receive rental income or dividends from the trust property.

As defined in title 31 CFR part 210, a beneficiary is a natural person other than a recipient who is entitled to receive all or part of a benefit payment.
When you see the words ‘in credit’ on your bills, this means you’ve paid more money than you needed to and the company owes you money.

It’s most commonly found on utility bills for electricity and gas.

Building up credit on an account is very common and it’s not something you need to worry about. People often build up credit when they pay a set amount each month but use less energy than they’ve paid for.

We look at what it means to have a credit balance on bills and the options available to you.

38 U.S. Code § 1941 - Amount of insurance
United States Government life insurance shall be issued against death or total permanent disability in any multiple of $500 and not less than $1,000 or more than $10,000. No person may carry a combined amount of National Service Life Insurance and United States Government life insurance in excess of $10,000 at any one time. The limitations of this section shall not apply to the additional paid up insurance the purchase of which is authorized under section 1907 of this title.

20/08/2024

prelim@title18&edition=prelim" rel="ugc" target="_blank">https://uscode.house.gov/browse/prelim@title18&edition=prelim

The United States Code is a consolidation and codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. It is prepared by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the United States House of Representatives. For currency information, click here.

20/08/2024

https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/gramm-leach-bliley-act

This legislation, signed into law by President Bill Clinton in November 1999, repealed large parts of the Glass-Steagall Act, which had separated commercial and investment banking since 1933. This led to the creation of financial holding companies, over which the Fed was granted new supervisory powe...

20/08/2024

***THIS IS WHY 1099A GOES TO THE INDENTURED TRUSTEE.***

Understanding the Trust Indenture Act (TIA) of 1939
Congress passed the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 to protect bond investors. It prohibits the sale of any debt securities in a public offering unless they are issued under a qualified indenture. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) administers the TIA.

The Trust Indenture Act was introduced as an amendment to the Securities Act of 1933 to make indentured trustees more proactive in their roles. It puts some obligations directly on them, such as reporting requirements.

TIA was intended to address flaws in the trustee system. For example, trustees’ passive actions blocked collective bondholder action before the TIA. Individual bondholders could theoretically force action but often only if they could identify other bondholders who would act with them.

Collective action was frequently impractical given the wide geographical distribution of all bondholders of an issue. With the act, trustees are required to make a list of the investors available so they can communicate with each other
The TIA of 1939 gave investors more substantive rights, including the right for an individual bondholder to independently pursue legal action to receive payment. The TIA requires that the hired trustee be free of conflicts of interest involving the issuer.

The trustee must also make semiannual disclosures of pertinent information to the securities holders. If a bond issuer becomes insolvent, the appointed trustee may have the right to seize the bond issuer's assets. The trustee can then sell the assets to recoup the bondholders' investments.
Debt issuers are expected to disclose the terms under which a security is issued with a formal written agreement known as a trust indenture. A trust indenture is a contract entered into by a bond issuer and an independent trustee to protect the interests of bondholders. The SEC must approve this document.

The trust indenture highlights the terms and conditions that the issuer, lender, and trustee must adhere to during the life of the bond. Any protective or restrictive covenants, such as call provisions, must be included in the indenture.

Securities that are not subject to regulation under the Securities Act of 1933 are exempt from the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. For example, municipal bonds are exempt from the TIA. Securities registration requirements do not apply to bonds issued during a company reorganization or recapitalization.

According to the SEC, raising the interest rate on outstanding convertible bonds to discourage conversions does not also require registering the securities again. However, bonds of reorganized companies and convertible bonds with increased interest rates continue to fall under the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act.

What Is the Purpose of a Trust Indenture?
A trust indenture is an agreement between a bond issuer and a bondholder's trustee. Trustees represent the interests of bondholders. The indenture details the rights and responsibilities of each party in the bond agreement.

What Is Included in the Trust Indenture?
Information that is included in a trust indenture are the interest rate, maturity date, timing of payments, how payments will be made, exercise price and expiry date for warrants, and redemption.

What Is the Threshold of the Trust Indenture Act?
The original threshold of the Trust Indenture Act was $10 million. This was increased to $50 million in 2015.

The Bottom Line
The Trust Indenture Act of 1939 was intended to supplement the Securities Act of 1933 with the overall goal of protecting investors; in this instance, bond investors. It enacted law that required bond offerings over $10 million to be fully disclosed, putting some of the responsibility on indentured trustees. As bond issues grew over time, the SEC updated the $10 million to $50 million.

The Trust Indenture Act (TIA) of 1939 is a federal law that prohibits bond issues, without a formal written agreement, fully disclosing the bond's specifics.

20/08/2024

bill
The primary form of legislative measure used to propose law. Depending on the chamber of origin, bills begin with a designation of either H.R. or S.
Joint resolution is another form of legislative measure used to propose law.

bill summary
Upon introduction of a bill or resolution in the House or Senate, legislative analysts in the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress write a short summary that objectively describes the measure’s significant provisions. Introduced version summaries are subject to length limitations as a matter of policy.
When a measure receives action (e.g., it is reported from a committee or passed by the House or Senate), the analysts then write an expanded summary, detailing the measure’s effect upon programs and current law. Bill summaries are written as a result of a congressional action and may not always correspond to a document published by the Government Publishing Office. A final public law summary is prepared upon enactment into law.

Each summary description identifies the date and version of the measure: e.g., Passed House (03/08/2019).

20/08/2024

Introduced in House (01/15/1973)
Declares the policy of the United States to be: (1) to facilitate and encourage the substitution of metric measurement units for customary measurement units to education, trade, commerce, and all other sectors of the economy of the United States: (2) to facilitate and encourage the development as rapidly as practicable of new or revised engineering standards based on metric measurement units in those specific fields or areas in the United States where such standards will result in rationalization or simplification of relationships, improvements of design, or increases in economy; (3) to facilitate and encourage the retention in new metric language standards of those United States engineering designs, practices, and conventions that are internationally accepted or embody superior technology; (4) to cooperate with foreign governments and public and private international organizations which are or become concerned with the encouragement and coordination of increased use of metric measurement units or engineering standards based on such units, or both, with a view to gaining international recognition for metric standards proposed by the United States and to encouraging retention of equivalent customary units in international recommendations during the United States changeover period; and (5) to assist the public through information and educational programs to become familiar with the meaning and applicability of metric terms and measures in daily life.

Establishes a National Metric Conversion Board to implement the policy set out in this joint resolution.

Provides that within twelve months after funds have been appropriated to carry out the provisions of this resolution the Board shall develop and submit to the Secretary of Commerce for his approval and transmittal to the President a comprehensive plan to accomplish a changeover to the metric system of measurement in the United States.

Provides that, upon approval of the plan by the President, the Board shall begin the implementation of the plan, except those recommendations, if any, which require legislation.

Provides that the Board shall terminate not later than ten years after approval by the President of the plan established under this Act.

20/08/2024

House Joint Resolution 192 (HJR 192) of 1933, also known as Public Law 73-10, suspended the gold standard in the United States and made it illegal to pay debts with gold or specific currencies. Instead, debts could only be discharged by paying with legal tender, such as Federal Reserve notes. This established a system of public national credit and perpetual debt, and removed the substance for common law. The US was also able to sell new government securities without the "payable in gold" clause, and all US assets were hypothecated to the Federal Reserve pool as security for loans.
House Joint Resolution 192 – PUBLIC LAW 73-10
"To assure uniform value to the coins and currencies of the Unites States,
Whereas the holding of or dealing in gold affect public interest, and are therefore subject to proper regulation and
restriction; and
Whereas the existing emergency has disclosed that provisions of obligations which purport to give the obligee a right
to require payment in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency of the United States, or in an amount in money of the
United States measured thereby, obstruct the power of the Congress to regulate the value of the money of the United
States, and are inconsistent with the declared policy of the Congress to maintain at all times the equal power of every
dollar, coined or issued by the United States, in the markets and in the payment of debts,
Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate and House of t Representative of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, that
(a) every provision contained in or made with respect to any obligation which purports to give the obligee a right to
require payments in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency, or in an amount in money of the United States
measured thereby, is declared to be against public policy; and no such provision shall be contained in or made with
respect to any obligation hereafter incurred. Every obligation, heretofore or hereafter incurred, whether or not any such
provision is contained therein or made with respect thereto, shall be discharged upon payment, dollar for dollar, in any
coin or currency which at time of payment is legal tender for public and private debts. Any such provision contained in
any law authorizing obligations to be issued by or under authority of the United States, is herby repealed, but the
repeal of any such provision shall not invalidate any other provision or authority contained in such law.
(b) As used in this resolution, the term 'obligation' means any obligation (including every obligation of and to the United
States, excepting currency) payable in money of the United States; and the term 'coin or currency' means coin or
currency of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and
national banking associations.
Sec. 2 The last sentence of paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of section 43 of the Act entitled 'An Act to relieve the
existing national economic emergency by increasing agricultural purchasing power, to raise revenue for extraordinary
expenses incurred by reason of such emergency, to provide emergency relief with respect to agricultural
indebtedness, to provide for the orderly liquidation of joint-stock land banks, and of other purposes;, approved May 12,
1933, is amended to read as follows:
"All coins and currencies of the United Stated (including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of the Federal
Reserve banks and national banking associations) heretofore or hereafter coined or issued, shall be legal tender for all
debts, public and private, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, except that gold coins, when below the standard
weight and limit of tolerance provided by law for the single piece, shall be legal tender only at valuation in proportion to
their actual weight.'
Approved, June 5, 1933, 4:40 p.m. 31 U.S.C.A. 462, 463
House Joint Resolution 192, 73d Congress, Sess. I, Ch. 48, June 5, 1933 (Public Law No. 10 )

20/08/2024

The terms "bonds and notes of the United States," "bonds and notes of the Government of the United States," and "bonds or notes of the United States" used in this Act shall be held to include certificates of indebtedness and Treasury bills issued under section 3104 of title 31.

A certificate of indebtedness is a written promise to repay a debt, similar to a promissory note. It can also be referred to as a debt instrument or obligation. Certificates of indebtedness are issued by governments or corporations and can be used to bridge budget gaps. They can also be used as fixed income securities, such as certificates of deposit (CDs), bond certificates, and floaters.
Different types of certificates of indebtedness include:
Debentures: A long-term debt instrument that pays a fixed interest rate to the holder
Treasury bills: A short-term certificate of indebtedness issued by the government to raise funds
Zero-Percent C of I: A Treasury security that doesn't earn interest and is used to fund the purchase of other eligible securities

Certificates of indebtedness were short-term coupon-bearing government securities once issued by the U.S. Treasury, which were replaced by Treasury bills (T-bills) in 1934.
A certificate of indebtedness was something of an "IOU" from the U.S. government, promising certificate holders a return of their funds with a fixed coupon, much like any other type of U.S. Treasury security.

What Is the Difference Between a Federal Reserve Note and a United States Note?
A U.S. Note was an earlier form of paper money in the U.S. from 1862-1971, which was backed by and redeemable for physical silver or gold. Between 1933 and 1971 both United States Notes and Federal Reserve Notes were considered legal tender.

Is a Federal Reserve Note a Promissory Note?
Technically, yes, a federal reserve note is a promissory note that does not pay any interest. It is defined as such because it states that "this note is legal tender for all debts, public and private," indicating a promise for the government and private citizens to accept and honor the note as legal tender.

The U.S. Treasury prints the Federal Reserve notes at the instruction of the Board of Governors and the 12 Federal Reserve member banks. These banks also act as the clearinghouse for local banks that need to increase or reduce their supply of cash on hand. Once new Federal Reserve notes are issued, they become a liability of the Federal Reserve, which can be redeemed by bearers on demand for different Federal Reserve notes.

Legal tender is anything recognized by law as a means to settle a public or private debt or meet a financial obligation, including tax payments, contracts, and legal fines or damages. The national currency is legal tender in practically every country. A creditor is legally obligated to accept legal tender toward repayment of a debt.

Federal Reserve Act Section 18
4. Transfer and payment
Upon notice from the Treasurer of the amount of bonds so sold for its account, each member bank shall duly assign and transfer, in writing, such bonds to the Federal reserve bank purchasing the same, and such Federal reserve bank shall, thereupon, deposit lawful money with the Treasurer of the United States for the purchase price of such bonds, and the Treasurer shall pay to the member bank selling such bonds any balance due after deducting a sufficient sum to redeem its outstanding notes secured by such bonds, which notes shall be canceled and permanently retired when redeemed.

20/08/2024

The 12 Federal Reserve banks, each in charge of a regional district, are in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, St. Louis, Atlanta, Chicago, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco.

The seven members of the Board of Governors are nominated by the president and approved by the U.S. Senate. Each governor serves a maximum of 14 years, and each governor's appointment is staggered by two years to limit the power of the president. In addition, the law dictates that appointments be representative of all broad sectors of the U.S. economy.

Here is the current list of Federal Reserve Board members as of Aug. 4, 2024.

Current Federal Reserve Board
Jerome H. Powell (Chair)
Philip N. Jefferson (Vice Chair)
Michael S. Barr (Vice Chair for Supervision)
Michelle W. Bowman
Lisa D. Cook
Christopher J. Waller
Adriana D. Kugler
Here is the current list of Federal Reserve Bank Presidents:

Current Federal Reserve Bank Presidents
Name of President Bank Location-District
Susan M. Collins Boston-1
John C. Williams New York-2
Patrick T. Harker Philadelphia-3
Mark S. Meder Cleveland-4
Thomas I. Barkin Richmond-5
Raphael W. Bostic Atlanta-6
Austan Goolsbee Chicago-7
Alberto G. Musalem St. Louis-8
Neel Kashkari Minneapolis-9
Jeffrey R. Schmid Kansas City-10
Lorie K. Logan Dallas-11
Mary C. Daly San Francisco-12

Does anyone ever ask these candidates who they will vote for in these positions?

20/08/2024

Mortmain is a French term meaning “dead hand” which is used in reference to inalienable land or tenements held by the “dead hand” of a church or corporate entity. Alienation of land to a corporation in mortmain, which would render it inalienable as corporations do not die, historically used to be called amortization. Such attempts at deadhand control of property for indefinite periods extending far beyond the death of decedent title holders ran counter to public policy, leading to the emergence of the Rule Against Perpetuities as a remedy to this disfavored practice.

mortmain, in English law, the state of land being held by the “dead hand” (French: mort main) of a corporation. In feudal days a conveyance of land to a monastery or other corporation deprived the lord of many profitable feudal incidents, for the corporation was never under age, never died, and never committed felony or married. Statutes were consequently passed between the 13th and the 16th century prohibiting alienation into mortmain without license from the crown. The modern law was contained in the Mortmain and Charitable Uses acts, 1888 and 1891, and in a number of acts that authorized limited companies and some other corporations to hold land without license in mortmain. An unauthorized conveyance into mortmain made the land liable to forfeiture to the crown. The law of mortmain was abolished in Britain in 1960. Mortmain legislation still exists, however, in some other jurisdictions in the Commonwealth and in the United States.

https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2672&context=ndlr #:~:text=In%201736%2C%20Parliament%20enacted%20the,to%20charitable%20organizations%20at%20death.

19/08/2024

When in commerce do as commerce does, use the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC).
The UCC-1 Financing Statement is the one contract in the world that CANNOT be
broken and it's the foundation of the Accepted for Value process. The power of this
document is awesome.
Since the TREASURY DIRECT ACCOUNT exists for the
STRAWMAN -who, until now, has been controlled by government - We can gain
control (and ownership) of the STRAWMAN by first activating the TREASURY
DIRECT ACCOUNT and then filing an UCC-1 Financing Statement. This does two
things for us.
First, by activating the TREASURY DIRECT ACCOUNT we gain limited control
over the funds in the account. This allows us to also move entries, figures, and digits .. for our benefit.
Secondly, by properly filing an UCC-1 Financing Statement we can become the
holder in due course of the
STRAWMAN. This gives us virtual ownership of the government created entity.
Remember earlier we mentioned that a presentment from government or one of its
agents or agencies was a negative commercial claim against the
STRAWMAN (and the STRAWMAN's account, the TREASURY DIRECT
ACCOUNT)? Remember we told you entries, figures, and digits moved from one
side of the account to the other, or to a different account? Well now, with the
STRAWMAN under our control, government has no access to the TREASURY
DIRECT ACCOUNT and they also lose their go-between, their liaison, their
"connection" to the real, living man and woman. From now on, when presented
with a "claim" (presentment) from government, we will agree with it (this removes
the "controversy") and we will ACCEPT IT FOR VALUE. By doing this we remove
the negative claim against our account and become the "holder in due course" of the
presentment. As holder in due course you can require the sworn testimony of the
presenter of the "claim" (under penalty of perjury) and request the account be properly adjusted.
It's a commercial undertaking, and the basic procedure is not complicated.
In fact, it's fairly simple. We just have to remember a few things, like: this is commerce,
and we play by the rules of commerce.
We accept the "claim", become the holder in due course, and challenge whether or not the
presenter of the claim had/has the proper authority (the Order) to make the claim (debit
our account) in the first place.
When they cannot produce the Order (they never can, it was never issued) we request the
account be properly adjusted and the charge, the "claim” is discharged and goes away.
If they don't adjust the account a request is made for the bookkeeping records showing
where the funds in question were assigned. This is done by requesting the Fiduciary Tax
Estimate and the Fiduciary Tax Return for this claim.
Since the claim has been accepted for value and is prepaid, and our TREASURY
DIRECT ACCOUNT is exempt from levy, the request for the Fiduciary Tax Estimate
and the Fiduciary Tax Return is valid because the information is necessary in determining
who is delinquent and/or making claims on the account. If there is no record of the
Fiduciary Tax Estimate and the Fiduciary Tax Return, we then request the individual tax
estimates and individual tax returns to determine if there is any delinquency.
If we receive no favorable response to the above requests, we will then file a currency
report on the amount claimed/assessed against our account and begin the commercial
process that will force them to either do what's required or lose everything they own -
except for the clothing they are wearing at the time.
This is the power of contracts (commerce) and it should be mentioned, at least this one
time, that a contract overrides the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and any other
document other than another contract.
We should also mention that no process of law - "color" of law under present codes,
statutes, rules, regulations, ordinances, etc. - can operate upon you, no agent and/or
agency of government (including courts) can gain jurisdiction over you, WITHOUT
YOUR CONSENT.
You, (we) are not within their fictional commercial venue.
The Accepted for Value process, however, gives us the ability to deal with "them" -
through the use of our transmitting utility/go-between, the Strawman -and hold them
accountable in their own commercial world, for any action(s) they attempt to take against us.
Without a proper Order, and now we know they're not in possession of such a document,
they must leave us alone ... or pay the consequences.
Yes, this process IS powerful -- and one had better learn it well - should one choose to
utilize it.
Can it be used to make money? NO! Sight Drafts - NO! Bills of Exchange - NO!
Yes, it CAN set us free from government oppression and control.