20/08/2024
House Joint Resolution 192 (HJR 192) of 1933, also known as Public Law 73-10, suspended the gold standard in the United States and made it illegal to pay debts with gold or specific currencies. Instead, debts could only be discharged by paying with legal tender, such as Federal Reserve notes. This established a system of public national credit and perpetual debt, and removed the substance for common law. The US was also able to sell new government securities without the "payable in gold" clause, and all US assets were hypothecated to the Federal Reserve pool as security for loans.
House Joint Resolution 192 – PUBLIC LAW 73-10
"To assure uniform value to the coins and currencies of the Unites States,
Whereas the holding of or dealing in gold affect public interest, and are therefore subject to proper regulation and
restriction; and
Whereas the existing emergency has disclosed that provisions of obligations which purport to give the obligee a right
to require payment in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency of the United States, or in an amount in money of the
United States measured thereby, obstruct the power of the Congress to regulate the value of the money of the United
States, and are inconsistent with the declared policy of the Congress to maintain at all times the equal power of every
dollar, coined or issued by the United States, in the markets and in the payment of debts,
Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate and House of t Representative of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, that
(a) every provision contained in or made with respect to any obligation which purports to give the obligee a right to
require payments in gold or a particular kind of coin or currency, or in an amount in money of the United States
measured thereby, is declared to be against public policy; and no such provision shall be contained in or made with
respect to any obligation hereafter incurred. Every obligation, heretofore or hereafter incurred, whether or not any such
provision is contained therein or made with respect thereto, shall be discharged upon payment, dollar for dollar, in any
coin or currency which at time of payment is legal tender for public and private debts. Any such provision contained in
any law authorizing obligations to be issued by or under authority of the United States, is herby repealed, but the
repeal of any such provision shall not invalidate any other provision or authority contained in such law.
(b) As used in this resolution, the term 'obligation' means any obligation (including every obligation of and to the United
States, excepting currency) payable in money of the United States; and the term 'coin or currency' means coin or
currency of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and
national banking associations.
Sec. 2 The last sentence of paragraph (1) of subsection (b) of section 43 of the Act entitled 'An Act to relieve the
existing national economic emergency by increasing agricultural purchasing power, to raise revenue for extraordinary
expenses incurred by reason of such emergency, to provide emergency relief with respect to agricultural
indebtedness, to provide for the orderly liquidation of joint-stock land banks, and of other purposes;, approved May 12,
1933, is amended to read as follows:
"All coins and currencies of the United Stated (including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of the Federal
Reserve banks and national banking associations) heretofore or hereafter coined or issued, shall be legal tender for all
debts, public and private, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, except that gold coins, when below the standard
weight and limit of tolerance provided by law for the single piece, shall be legal tender only at valuation in proportion to
their actual weight.'
Approved, June 5, 1933, 4:40 p.m. 31 U.S.C.A. 462, 463
House Joint Resolution 192, 73d Congress, Sess. I, Ch. 48, June 5, 1933 (Public Law No. 10 )