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28/06/2024

Adult Stem Cell Therapy as an Alternative Treatment in Knee Osteoarthritis

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/adult-stem-cell-therapy-as-an-alternative-treatment-in-knee-osteoarthritis.pdf

All Authors: Ikudayisi D*

DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000376

Abstract:

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, also known as degenerative joint disease of the knee because of progressive loss of articular cartilage, is the most common disabling conditions of the knee joint, which often presents with pain and stiffness and progresses to affect activity of daily living. The prevalence of knee OA will continue to rise due to factors like obesity and increased life expectancy. Roughly 13% of women and 10% of men 60 years and older have symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Among those older than 70 years of age, the prevalence rises to as high as 40%. Our aim is to evaluate the importance of adult stem cell therapy (ADSC) as an alternative treatment in knee osteoarthritis. Patient, Materials and Methods: A case of an elderly patient with early right knee osteoarthritis (grade 2). Right knee severity was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scale. Radiologic studies (X-ray and MRI) were done. Patient had a session of autologous adult stem cell therapy - Mesenchymal stem cells retrieved from the fat and bone marrow along with platelet rich plasma (PRP) from blood which was administered intra-articularly via ultrasound guidance. Procedure was done on an outpatient basis and was well tolerated with no complications. Results: Patient was observed in the first 6 months under the instructions of no physiotherapy to preserve new maturing cells. The WOMAC assessed on the 0 and 6 months showed quality improvement from an initial score of 48/96 to a score of 8/96. Post procedure X-ray of the Right knee on the sixth month showed marked progressive changes. Conclusion: Adult stem cell therapy is promising to be an effective alternative treatment in knee osteoarthritis. It is minimally invasive, safe with no major treatment related adverse effect. Case study showed a positive outcome according to all the grading systems used in this study for the initial 6 months.

Keywords: ADSC; PRP; OA; WOMAC; HHS

18/06/2024

The Benevolent Wen-Hepatocellular Adenoma

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/the-benevolent-wen-hepatocellular-adenoma.pdf

All Authors: Bajaj A*

DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000372

Abstract:

Hepatocellular adenoma emerges as a benign, solitary neoplasm of hepatocellular origin preponderantly arising within non cirrhotic hepatic parenchyma. Lesion occurs secondary to obesity, metabolic syndrome and consumption of anabolic steroids or non-contraceptive oestrogen supplements. Concurrent to genetic mutations, hepatocellular adenoma is categorized as hepatocellular adenoma associated with HNF1A genetic mutation, hepatocellular adenoma associated with β catenin genetic mutation, inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH) hepatocellular adenoma or hepatocellular adenoma, not otherwise specified. Cytological assessment exhibits bland, uniform hepatocytes permeated with regular nuclei and decimated nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Tumefaction may display a pseudo-acinar arrangement, foci of steatosis and attenuated, mildly thickened one to two cell thick cell plates with a well-defined perimeter and characteristic unpaired arterial configurations. Hepatocellular adenoma appears immune reactive to HepPar1 or reticulin and immune non-reactive to glypican 3, CD34 or HSP70. Neoplasm requires segregation from neoplasms such as focal nodular hyperplasia, well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, mass effect due to an adjacent mass lesion, haemangioma, lymphoma, echinococcal cyst, hepatoblastoma, and localized fatty change or metastatic lesions arising from various primaries, confined to hepatic parenchyma. Hepatocellular adenoma may be appropriately managed with surgical extermination.

Keywords: Hepatic Lesion; Solitary; Unpaired Arterial Structures

18/06/2024

Mind the Gap: Familial Maxillary Midline Diastema and High Labial Frenum Attachment

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/mind-the-gap-familial-maxillary-midline-diastema-and-high-labial-frenum-attachment.pdf

All Authors: Nagaveni NB*

DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000373

Abstract:

In day today life clinicians can come across various dental malocclusions in human beings. Maxillary midline diastema is one among those and when this condition occurs it causes aesthetic impairment requiring orthodontic treatment in order to close the existing ugly looking gap between two central incisors. However, before performing this treatment, it is essential to rule out the underlying etiologic factors as this clinical entity is caused by various causative factors. In the present article, occurrence of maxillary midline diastema and high labial frenum attachment both in mother and daughter indicating genetic relation associated with it is shown.

Keywords: Central Incisors, Dental Midline, Genetic Mapping, Maxillary Diastema, Orthodontic Treatment has context menu

05/06/2024

Alterations of Glucocorticosteroids Thyroid Hormones Leptin and Endothelins Threat of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/alterations-of-glucocorticosteroids-thyroid-hormones-leptin-and-endothelins-threat-of-cardiovascular-disease-in-diabetes.pdf

Authors: Pachauri R, Menka K*, Maryem A and Sharma AK

DOI: Williams CE, Nwanguma E, Nnodim JK*, Ibanga EI, Ihim A and Nwaokoro JC

Abstract:

Background: The cardiovascular diseases are phenomenon or circumstances that affect the structures as well as function of the heart. Aim: The level of glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, leptin, and endothelins in cardiovascular subjects was determined in Owerri, Imo state. Method: A total of 100 subjects within the age 35-65 years were recruited for this study. The study consists of 50 subjects who were diagnosed of cardiac disorders and 50 were apparently healthy individuals who served as controls subjects of the same age bracket. The levels of glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, leptin, and endothelins were analysed using ELISA technique. Data was assessed using SPSS version 20, the mean value with P˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The result revealed that the levels of glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, leptin, and endothelins in cardiovascular disorder were significantly increased when compared with control subjects. Conclusion: The increased serum level of glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, leptin, and endothelins in cardiac malfunction subjects may contribute some risk factors in patients with cardiac dysfunction and in people living with diabetes.

Keywords: Glucocorticosteroids; Thyroid Hormones; Leptin; Endothelins; Cardiovascular Disease; Diabetes

17/05/2024

Traditional Siddha Approach in Treating Frozen Shoulder Kumbavatham by Use of Varmam and Thokkanam Therapy a Case Study

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/traditional-siddha-approach-in-treating-frozen-shoulder-kumbavatham-by-use-of-varmam-and-thokkanam-therapy-a-case-study.pdf

All Authors: Sindhuja BS, Sankar I, Reddy RM and Shweta T*

DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000364

Abstract: Adhesive Capsulitis or Frozen shoulder also termed as Kumbavatham in Siddha system of medicine, causes swelling and stiffness in particular shoulder capsule restricting its mobility and ROM. The pain intensity is seen to increase in night times with gradual onset of shoulder stiffness and restriction in movement of the shoulder. Conservatively, it can be treated by analgesics, oral steroids, and intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Sometimes, the symptoms persists despite taking conservative measures, initiating patients to opt for alternative therapies for reducing pain and provide flexibility to the joint. A 34-year male from Bangalore presented with severe pain and restricted movements like abduction, adduction, external rotation and flexion of right shoulder both in active and passive movements for last 6 months. The patient was in distressed condition and even small daily tasks were difficult for him. MRI report confirmed of adhesive capsulitis (kumbavatham), one of the vatha diseases mentioned in Siddha system of medicine. A one-month Siddha vaidyam theraupatic approach incorporating Varmam therapy and thokkanam was administered to him. After 25 days, vast improvement in swelling and stiffness with all movements free in Right shoulder with no pain on moving the right arm. The holistic approach of Siddha medicine has provided the reduction in pain measured on VAS and improved restricted movements which was measured using goniometer and SPADI index.

The Siddha system of Medicine is a simple and traditional approach for the treatment of such painful conditions. Conservative management of Adhesive capsulitis through Siddha practices provided significant relief by reducing pain and providing better flexibility in shoulder joints without aid of any analgesics. The paper also gives the details of the method employed and lifestyle modification techniques used to treat the individual.

Keywords: Adhesive Capsulitis; Kumbavatham; Siddha Therapy; Varmam Therapy; Thokannam

17/05/2024

Wrist Represent a Complex Anatomical System

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/wrist-represent-a-complex-anatomical-system.pdf

All Authors: Franjic S

DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000363

Abstract:

The hand and wrist represent a complex anatomical system at the end of the upper limb of the human body, consisting of
bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and muscles, nerves and blood vessels. This system allows a person to make very complex
and precise movements and gives him the ability to use objects and move objects in space. The hand consists of 27 bones (8
bones of the carpus or metacarpus, 5 bones of the metacarpus or wrist and 14 phalanges or joints of the fingers), and in a
broader sense we also include 2 bones of the forearm (radius or thumb bone and ulna). The upper arm bone, the humerus,
and the forearm bones, the ulna and the radius, are the starting point for numerous muscles that very precisely move the joints
and bones of the hand and wrist. Part of the muscle, the so-called short muscles of the hand, start and catch on the bones of the
wrist and hand area. The range of motion in the joints, as well as the direction and position of the tendons next to the bones, is
determined by the system of numerous ligaments. All these structures are subject to injuries and diseases caused by excessive
use and pressure, as well as degenerative diseases. Numerous systemic diseases of an inflammatory nature and metabolic
diseases also show their symptoms in the area of the hand and wrist.

Keywords: Wrist; Hand; Fractures; Implants; Health

16/05/2024

Motion Artifact Mimics Subdural Hemorrhage on CT Scans: A Case Series

https://medwinpublishers.com/MJCCS/motion-artifact-mimics-subdural-hemorrhage-on-ct-scans-a-case-series.pdf

Authors: Alahmari AF*

DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000362

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show a common phenomenon seen in brain computed tomography scans. This phenomenon is seen
when the patient slightly moves during the brain scan which creates a motion artifact that appears like pathology and the
radiologists might misdiagnose the case as a false positive case. A slight motion artifact appeared as a subdural hemorrhage
in five cases. Some of these cases came to the hospital as road traffic accident cases, while others have only suffered a chronic
headache. In this case series, five cases are presented, scanned again to rule out any pathology, and these cases are discussed
in this paper to find any common pattern among these cases.

Keywords: Motion Artifact; Subdural Hemorrhage; Computed Tomography; Neuroradiology

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