Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published. 📄📄📄
We encourage you to read the article: Citizen forests - a new management approach for state-owned forests
Authors: Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik, Piotr Dynowski, Tomasz Jarczyk
Abstract
Motives: There is a growing emphasis on assessing the value of forest social functions. There are no objective measures of the intensity and attractiveness of recreational forest use. It would be beneficial to obtain an independent expert opinion on the social value of forest complexes, based on a reliable methodology. It is imperative to ascertain how to objectively determine a forest’s social function and factors influencing it.

Aim: The main objective of the conducted research was to indicate the types and sequence of activities necessary to designate areas of natural value and social importance in forest districts.

Results: The authors’ procedure for designating socially important forest areas (called citizen forest) was presented and discussed.

Keywords:
forests with enhanced social function, forest space management, Local Cooperation Team, public influence on forest management

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10103

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.📄📄
We encourage you to read the article: Urban vision workshop methodology - a tool for spatial justice
Authors: Kestutis Zaleckis, Laura Jankauskaite-Jureviciene, Jurga Vitkuviene, Indre Grazuleviciute-Vilenisk
Abstract
Motives: Public participation in urban planning is institutionalized and generally regarded as good practice that should be promoted and implemented beyond the legal procedures for participation. A participatory approach is seen as the opposite of a hierarchical top-down approach and as a tool for achieving spatial justice. However, participatory urban planning poses numerous challenges in terms of both fundamental issues, such as superficiality and a threat to the genius loci of a place and process-related problems, such as technologies, methodology, and trust issues.

Aim: This research aims to demonstrate the importance of participatory urban planning as a means to achieve spatial justice, and to present and test participatory planning tools – the Urban Vision Creation Workshop Approach.

Results: The research has shown that the Urban Vision Creation Workshop Approach can improve citizens’ participation experience, provide more comprehensive data for urban vision development, and contribute to achieving spatial justice.

Keywords:
participatory urban planning, spatial justice, Urban Vision Workshop methodology, Šančiai

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9610

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published. 📄
We encourage you to read the article: Consequences of the destruction at the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant for agriculture in the South of Ukraine
Authors: Olena Shubravska, Olha Popova, Kateryna Prokopenko
Abstract
Motives: Ukraine’s agricultural sector has suffered immense losses due to the Russian invasion. The situation worsened after the Kakhovka Hydropower Plant was undermined in the summer of 2023. It is essential to assess the devastating consequences of this destruction in order to plan the future development of the agricultural sector.

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the expected volume of agricultural production and possible scenarios of its development in the areas affected by the explosion at the Kakhovka Hydropower Plant. The study also aims to summarize the opinions expressed during the discussion on the reconstruction of the Hydropower Plant.

Results: In the medium term, agricultural activity in the region will be conducted on rainfed land at a scale similar to that of 2022. In the long term, there will be significant losses of almost all crop products due to changes in the structure of crops according to ecological requirements. Currently, there is no unified position on the restoration of the Kakhovka Reservoir and Hydropower Plant due to conflicting economic and environmental approaches.

Keywords:
prospects of agricultural development, structural transformation, ecological requirements, military actions, losses of agrarians

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9883

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published. 📄📄
We encourage you to read the article: Possibilities of developing maps of sight-aesthetic attractiveness of underwater landscapes of lakes using the point-valuation method and spatial interpolation methods
Authors: Adam Senetra, Marta Czaplicka, Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik, Piotr Dynowski
Abstract
Motives: The research investigates the feasibility of using interpolation algorithms for assessment using the point-valuation method in different types of lakes. It shows the possibilities of using the proposed methodology for underwater landscapes under various environmental and geographical conditions.

Aim: The aim of the study is to test the point-valuation method for assessing the sight-aesthetic value of lakes in terms of potential for tourist exploration. The results are presented in the form of maps, resulting from spatial interpolation methods based on a random measurement network.

Results: Maps showing the distribution of the phenomenon under study can serve as a tool for protection and planning of development and tourist use of lakes. Dedicated spatial interpolation methods for this type of assessment map were identified. The methodology is universal and can be applied, with appropriate modifications, in various types of water bodies (lakes).

Conclusion: Successful implementation of point-valuation methods and interpolation algorithms for assessing the sight-aesthetic attractiveness of underwater landscapes of lakes has been achieved. These are pioneering studies in the field of underwater landscape perception and cartographic presentation methodology. This contributes to the development of principles for protection, tourist use (qualified tourism – diving), and channelling tourist traffic in places attractive to users.

Keywords:
sight-aesthetic value, underwater landscape, point valuation, interpolation, scuba diving

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10110

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published. 📄📄
We encourage you to read the article: The Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland in Relation to the Level of Sustainable Development – Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis
Authors: Krzysztof Rząsa, Mateusz Ciski
Abstract
Motives: This article explores the relation between the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of Sustainable Development of Polish counties. First, the data was collected to describe the level of Sustainable Development in terms of Social, Environmental and Economical indicators. In the second step, using data regarding the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths caused by the pandemic, a regression model was built using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR).

Aim: Authors decided to create a comprehensive model of the level of Sustainable Development. This approach made it possible to analyze the relations between the level of Sustainable Development and the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as provided an opportunity to address the individual components of the model.

Results: The values of the coefficient of determination of the regression model indicate a high and very high fit. The MGWR model also made it possible to develop maps of local R-Squared values. These maps, by exploring spatially varying relationships between variables, further allowed to identify local anomalies of the phenomenon.

Keywords:
COVID-19, pandemic, GWR, MGWR, Geographically Weighted Regression, Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10717

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Decline in the diversity of the dendroflora of Lublin on the example of housing estates built at the turn of the XXth and XXI century
Authors: Joanna Renda, Ewa Trzaskowska
Abstract
Motives: The need to maintain species diversity in cities has been widely reported in the literature. Among other things, it promotes plant resistance to climate change, reduces susceptibility to diseases and pests, and increases the visual attractiveness of the landscape. The proper design of tall vegetation is particularly important in residential areas, where it affects the quality of life of residents. Meanwhile, the degradation of green spaces in cities has been observed.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the condition of greenery in Lublin’s housing estates and to describe changes in its formation in different time periods.

Results: In Lublin, a decrease in the number and diversity of tree species in residential areas was observed, and it was greatest in newer neighborhoods. It is necessary to recognize this phenomenon and take measures to stop this process, e.g. by introducing new planting standards to ensure good living conditions, protect biodiversity, and create an efficiently functioning system of green areas.

Keywords:
housing estates, vegetation diversity, trees, Lublin

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9638

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Social resilience of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case of the Gdansk – Gdynia – Sopot metropolitan area in Poland
Author: Grzegorz Masik
Abstract
Motives: Social resilience is increasingly attracting the interest of researchers and practitioners due to the need to stabilize and adapt societies to new challenges. These challenges result from successive crises, including pandemics. The answer lies in understanding, exploring, and building social resilience.

Aim: The theoretical aim of the article is to identify the components of social resilience based on a review of international literature. The empirical aim is to present a methodology and to examine social resilience based on a survey.

Results: The results show that social resilience is determined by the resources and capital of individuals or households. Among them, social, human, financial and material capital should be distinguished. The surveyed respondents were characterized by high social resilience to the crisis caused by the pandemic due to their predominantly young age, good education, and extensive social contacts despite limited financial and material resources.

Keywords:
social resilience, adaptability, Gdańsk, resources, capitals, survey

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9334

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published. 📄📄
We encourage you to read the article: Social housing management: a long-term planning perspective on the example of a Polish municipality
Author: Andrzej Muczyński
Abstract
Motives: Long-term planning and its implementation constitute the basis for effective social (municipal) housing management. Hence there is a need to monitor how these plans are drawn up and the degree to which they are implemented in municipalities so that they contribute optimally to meeting local housing needs using the existing municipal housing stock (MHS).

Aim: The research focused on assessing the implementation degree of the long-term municipal housing stock management program (MHSMP) of the city of Olsztyn in 2017–2021. The trends in social housing management in Europe, in particular regarding the introduction of strategic business planning in the social housing sector, were taken into account.

Results: In the MHS under study, there was a much faster decrease in the number of municipal dwellings than assumed in the plan and high deficits in social dwellings and temporary rooms. Sales of municipal dwellings were lower than planned, although revenues from this exceeded the plan. The operating costs of municipal facilities were determined by an over-planned increase in administrative costs while those for common properties turned out to be lower than planned. The renovation plan for municipal facilities was determined by the limited financial capacities of the municipality and covered a small percentage of the actual renovation needs. It was found that the MHSMP under study did not represent a coherent concept for the MHS management in the long run, was overly formalized, and did not take into account the actual housing needs of the local society. Moreover, it lacked the characteristics of strategic business plans, such as being market-oriented, systematic, comprehensive, and proactive.

Keywords:
social housing management, long-term planning, municipal housing stock, Olsztyn

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10114

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.📄
We encourage you to read the article: The Economic Role of Baltic Sea Region Seaports in Changing Geopolitical Conditions
Author: Michał Bilczak
Abstract
Motives: Seaports are key nodes in the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), handling a significant part of the European Union’s trade and freight transport. Baltic Sea ports, including those in Poland, have gained strategic importance due to their high growth rates and intense maritime traffic.

Aim: This article examines the economic role of Baltic Sea ports under changing geopolitical conditions. It proposes two hypotheses: one on the relationship between economic growth and port cargo turnover, and the other on the strengthening positions of Baltic ports as key logistics hubs. The study analyzes statistical data on port cargo turnover, functional models, and classifications using Pearson’s correlation and structural analysis.

Results: The main conclusions highlight the strengthening positions of Baltic Sea ports despite current challenges, emphasizing the need for further infrastructure development and service quality improvement. This article contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of the role of Baltic Sea ports, taking into account current geopolitical and economic factors, and by proposing an approach for assessing their current status and development prospects. The results are potentially useful for strategic planning in maritime transport.

Keywords:
Baltic Sea region, seaports, ports model, ports classification, hinterlands
https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10033

27/12/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published. 📄
We encourage you to read the article: Application of robust estimation methods in real estate valuation
Author: Tomasz Adamczyk
Abstract
Motives: Conducting real estate appraisals in well-developed markets presents a multitude of data analysis challenges. Some property price data may contain outliers that can significantly affect the valuation process and, as a result, the estimated value. In the case of real estate valuation regression models, estimation is most often based on the least squares method, where outliers are taken into account just like the rest of the data. Eliminating or minimizing the influence of outliers can lead to more reliable estimation results. Such problems can be solved by implementing robust regression methods.

Aim: The main goal is to determine whether robust estimation methods using M-estimators with multiple regression models can provide more accurate estimates of property values.

Results: Research has shown that multiple regression models using robust regression methods can be applied to estimate property values. The use of different types of M-estimators allows for the objective elimination of outliers through algorithms that operate on the entire data set. The calculations are carried out iteratively, and at each iteration step the residuals are verified and the observations are re-weighted. The following M-estimators were considered: Huber, Hampel, Tukey, Faire, Cauchy and Welsch. The reference point was the estimation results from the ordinary least squares method (OLS). All analysed M-estimators led to an increase in the coefficient of determination value and a decrease in standard estimation errors. Each algorithm detected the outliers. The valuation results for the selected properties were also more reliable. The results obtained depend on the characteristics of the data, and the choice of the best estimator may vary across different property markets. The selection of the best estimator may even vary within the same local property market, where the valuer makes subjective assessments of the location or other attributes.

Keywords:
robust regression, M-estimator, property valuation, multiple regression, robust estimators

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum

17/12/2024

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Regional development and communication networks: Case study of Western Ukraine

Authors: Serhii Puhach, Andrii Slashchuk, Iryna Poruchynska, Oleh Kaidyk

Abstract
Motives: Communications are the basis of the existence of contemporary civilization. Today, innovation processes are carried out the most intensively, perhaps, in communications. The level of the formation of communication networks largely determines both the preconditions and the contemporary development of areas.
Aim: The aim of our research is to analyze the interdependencies between the level of socio-economic development of areas and the formation of their communications on the example of local territorial units of Western Ukraine.
Results: The correlation analysis demonstrates significant links between communication networks and the development of areas. It is not always possible to say unequivocally what cause and effect are in a particular case. According to the results of our study, socio-economic development in Western Ukraine has a more significant impact on the functioning of communication networks than communication networks on socio-economic development. Like other natural and socio-economic resources, communication networks are only prerequisites for the area's development. The emergence, perception by the population, and wide spread of new communications depend on some factors, among which an important place belongs to the area's socio-economic development level.
Keywords: communication networks, transport networks, cellular networks, social networking services, migration networks, Western Ukraine

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9282

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Alternative forms of housing for longevity based on case studies of multigenerational houses in Poland

Author: Agnieszka Labus

Abstract
The subject of the article is a case study analysis of three experimental projects of multigenerational houses that emerged after 2019 in Polish cities. The author hypothesizes that multigenerational houses represent an alternative form of housing to nursing homes, creating an environment that supports the health and independence of residents of different ages for as long as possible. The purpose of the research conducted is to answer the question of what components of the support system for the elderly are important in the choice and intentional transition to alternative living arrangements and how this relates to multigenerational homes in the cases studied. The research in this article consists of four phases. The first phase examined the institutional and informal approach to organizing care for the elderly in Poland and outlined the components of the support system for the elderly that are necessary for the choice and conscious transition to alternative forms of housing in the aging process. In the second phase, the experience with the governmental program "Multigenerational House" in Germany was analyzed and a multigenerational house was defined. In the third phase, the case study method was used to examine the experience of multigenerational houses built and functioning in Polish cities in recent years: Multigenerational House in Łódź (2019), Multigenerational Housing in Warsaw (2019-2021), Multigenerational House in Wrocław (2020). In the fourth phase, based on the literature review and the analysis of functioning multigenerational houses, a comparative analysis was made and conclusions for further research were drawn.
Keywords: housing, longevity, multigenerational housing, Łódź, Wrocław, Warsaw

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9228

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: The right of perpetual usufruct and the principles of a market economy

Authors: Jan Kuryj, Anna Klimach

Abstract
The right of perpetual usufruct is deeply rooted in the Polish legal system. Perpetual usufruct has a long history, and it is unlikely to be abolished in the near future. Therefore, the extent to which the right of perpetual usufruct is consistent with the principles of a free-market economy should be determined. In the present study, this issue has been examined comprehensively by describing the economic aspects of this right. The fees associated with perpetual usufruct can attract individuals who have an interest in establishing this right. However, these fees can also discourage potential usufructuaries. Despite the above, perpetual usufruct fees constitute a steady source of income for territorial self-governments which grant the right to perpetual usufruct of municipal land. In addition to a comprehensive overview of perpetual usufruct fees, this study also involved a survey to determine the extent to which territorial self-governments exercise the legal rights associated with the collection of perpetual usufruct fees.

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10007

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Church surroundings as spaces with a health-promoting function – possibilities and dilemmas

Author: Piotr Kulesza

Abstract
Motives: Climate and socio-economic changes exert a negative influence on human health, both physical and psychological. Therefore, various solutions are needed to address this problem, and the spaces surrounding religious sites should be analysed to determine whether they can improve health. Can plant and garden arrangements accompanying parish churches have health-promoting properties?
Aim: The aim of this work was to answer the above questions by analysing selected parish churches of the Lublin Archdiocese.
Results: An analysis of the compositional structure of vegetation and the functional-spatial arrangement of religious sites revealed that these spaces have vast, albeit not fully utilised potential. Despite the fact that these spaces are addressed predominantly to believers, their unique features can promote recreation and even improve health, regardless of one’s religious beliefs and practices.
Keywords: health, religion, space, therapeutic garden, parish churches

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9783

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Resting in the forest in times of pandemonium for the betterment of life, or bushcraft in the Polish National Forests

Authors: Justyna Jastrzębska, Ewa Zaraś, Jakub Botwina

Abstract
Motives: In the context of the global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to develop new, safe forms of recreation and nature education.
Aims: The Polish State Forests are introducing the concept of bushcraft, which has gained popularity among those willing to develop such skills. Sociological research and analysis of forest resources have helped to develop regulations for this form of recreation and a map of places where it can be practiced. The availability of information on the website of the General Directorate of State Forests is an important consideration, as it can facilitate the process of organizing recreation for participants and foresters.
Results: The pilot program “Stay overnight in the forest” has been a success, attracting interest without negatively affecting forests and ecosystems. In the face of current and future pandemic challenges, such an innovative form of recreation may attract nature enthusiasts.
Keywords: leisure, bushcrafting, leisure safety, State Forests in Poland

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9685

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Cluster analysis of travel behaviour threats in chosen European functional urban areas during the economic crisis

Authors: Marta Gross, Małgorzata Dudzińska, Agnieszka Dawidowicz, Ada Wolny-Kucińska

Abstract
Motives: Urban mobility models are constantly changing due to economic, social, infrastructural, and geographical factors. Preferences for transport modes vary by country, region, and city, and transport infrastructure and policy have a significant impact on residents’ choices. Additionally, economic factors such as economic crises, public policy decisions, and events such as armed conflicts have a significant impact on the dynamics of mobility in functional urban areas (FUAs).
Aim: The main goal of the research was to create groups of countries (clusters) that have similar priorities regarding travel behaviour threats revealed as a result of the economic crisis resulting from the conflict in Ukraine.
Results: The study shows that the main threats during the economic crisis (resulting from the war in Ukraine) are economic factors (e.g., ticket prices, an increase in fuel costs), legal factors (e.g., loss of a driving license or passenger transport license), and infrastructural factors (e.g., poor condition of infrastructure). The analysed countries were grouped based on the hierarchical prioritization of threats, using Ward’s hierarchical clustering method. Interestingly, the distance from the conflict epicentre did not significantly influence the prioritization of threat factors influencing transportation behaviour in FUAs. Instead, factors such as membership in international organizations, energy dependence on Russia, the level of economic growth, and transport infrastructure played a more key role in the priority-setting process.
Keywords: travel behaviour, threat factors, conflict, economic crisis, European case study, Ukraine

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10095

11/11/2024

Another issue of our journal has been published.
We encourage you to read the article: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Uncertainty Modeling in Real Estate Markets

Authors: Nonso Izuchukwu Ewurum, Njideka Maryclara Aguome, Cezary Kowalczyk, Idu Robert Egbenta, Vivita Pukite

Abstract
Motivation: The need to improve the accuracy and reliability of market valuation and risk assessment in real estate markets, especially under conditions of uncertainty.
Aim: To integrate theoretical foundations and methodological approaches for modeling aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties in real estate markets using credal networks and confidence boxes (c-boxes).
Approach: This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework for uncertainty modeling in real estate markets, focusing on the application of credal networks and confidence boxes. It does not include empirical validation or practical case studies, instead providing a detailed conceptual and methodological discussion.
Results: The proposed method demonstrates significant improvements in uncertainty quantification and market analysis accuracy in theoretical terms, offering valuable insights for investors, urban planners, and policymakers. However, empirical validation is suggested for future research to confirm practical applicability.
Keywords: aleatoric uncertainty, confidence boxes (c-boxes), credal networks, epistemic uncertainty, real estate market valuation, uncertainty modeling

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10112